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Zahra FARSI Nahid DEHGHAN-NAYERI Reza NEGARANDEH Soheila BROOMAND 《Japan Journal of Nursing Science》2010,7(1):9-18
Aim: Iran's health-care system has witnessed profound changes in the last decades. Despite its progress, the system has currently faced many challenges in one of the important subsystems, nursing. The present review article aimed to present an overview of the opportunities and challenges of the Iranian nursing system, based on recent literature.
Methods: A broad search of the English and Persian-language literature was carried out, incorporating both electronic and manual components from 1999 to 2009. The results of the investigations among the searched literature are summarized.
Results: The major challenges are nursing shortages, job dissatisfaction, poor social position of nurses, the gap between theory and practice, lack of community-based nursing care, lack of an appropriate student recruiting system, and shortages in the nursing educational curriculums.
Conclusion: The authors believe that media, political and public support play a pivotal role in improving the image of nursing in society, increasing motivation among Iranian nurses, and promoting the sociocultural climate and the welfare of nurses, which will result in higher levels of quality of care as well as greater patient satisfaction. 相似文献
Methods: A broad search of the English and Persian-language literature was carried out, incorporating both electronic and manual components from 1999 to 2009. The results of the investigations among the searched literature are summarized.
Results: The major challenges are nursing shortages, job dissatisfaction, poor social position of nurses, the gap between theory and practice, lack of community-based nursing care, lack of an appropriate student recruiting system, and shortages in the nursing educational curriculums.
Conclusion: The authors believe that media, political and public support play a pivotal role in improving the image of nursing in society, increasing motivation among Iranian nurses, and promoting the sociocultural climate and the welfare of nurses, which will result in higher levels of quality of care as well as greater patient satisfaction. 相似文献
14.
Karolina Sikorska Nahid Mostafavi Montazeri André Uitterlinden Fernando Rivadeneira Paul HC Eilers Emmanuel Lesaffre 《European journal of human genetics : EJHG》2015,23(10):1384-1391
Analysis of genome-wide association studies with longitudinal data using standard procedures, such as linear mixed model (LMM) fitting, leads to discouragingly long computation times. There is a need to speed up the computations significantly. In our previous work (Sikorska et al: Fast linear mixed model computations for genome-wide association studies with longitudinal data. Stat Med 2012; 32.1: 165–180), we proposed the conditional two-step (CTS) approach as a fast method providing an approximation to the P-value for the longitudinal single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effect. In the first step a reduced conditional LMM is fit, omitting all the SNP terms. In the second step, the estimated random slopes are regressed on SNPs. The CTS has been applied to the bone mineral density data from the Rotterdam Study and proved to work very well even in unbalanced situations. In another article (Sikorska et al: GWAS on your notebook: fast semi-parallel linear and logistic regression for genome-wide association studies. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14: 166), we suggested semi-parallel computations, greatly speeding up fitting many linear regressions. Combining CTS with fast linear regression reduces the computation time from several weeks to a few minutes on a single computer. Here, we explore further the properties of the CTS both analytically and by simulations. We investigate the performance of our proposal in comparison with a related but different approach, the two-step procedure. It is analytically shown that for the balanced case, under mild assumptions, the P-value provided by the CTS is the same as from the LMM. For unbalanced data and in realistic situations, simulations show that the CTS method does not inflate the type I error rate and implies only a minimal loss of power. 相似文献
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Nahid Rahmani Ali Kiani Mohammad Ali Mohseni-Bandpei Iraj Abdollahi 《Journal of bodywork and movement therapies》2018,22(1):147-151
Objective
The purposes of this study were; a) to compare multifidus muscle cross sectional area (CSA) in male adolescents suffering from low back pain (LBP) with healthy male adolescents using ultrasonography (US), and b) to assess the correlation between multifidus muscle size and demographic variables.Methods
A random sample of 40 healthy boys (as a control group) and 40 boys with LBP (as an experimental group) at the age range of 15–18 years was recruited in the present cohort study. Multifidus muscle dimensions including CSA, antero-posterior and medio-lateral dimensions were measured at level of L5 in both groups using US.Results
The results of an independent t-test to compare multifidus muscle size between the experimental and control groups showed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of CSA, antro-posterior and medio-lateral dimensions so that the experimental group had smaller muscle size than the control group. A significant correlation was found between height, weight and body mass index (BMI) and multifidus muscle size, but no significant correlation was observed between age and muscle size. Pain intensity and functional disability index was significantly correlated with muscle size in the experimental group.Conclusions
According to the results, multifidus muscle size was decreased in 15–18 years old male adolescents suffering from LBP compared with their healthy counterparts. Further studies are needed to support the findings of the present study. 相似文献17.
Reza Heidari Akram Jamshidzadeh Nahid Keshavarz Negar Azarpira 《Scientia pharmaceutica》2015,83(1):143-158
Methimazole is the most widely prescribed antithyroid medication in humans. However, hepatotoxicity is a deleterious adverse effect associated with methimazole administration. No specific protective agent has been developed against this complication yet. This study was designed to investigate the role of taurine as a hepatoprotective agent against methimazole-induced liver injury in mice. Different reactive metabolites were proposed to be responsible for methimazole hepatotoxicity. Hence, methimazole-induced liver injury was investigated in intact and/or enzyme-induced animals in the current investigation. Animals were treated with methimazole (200 mg/kg, by gavage), and hepatic injury induced by this drug was investigated in intact and/or enzyme-induced groups. Markers such as lipid peroxidation, hepatic glutathione content, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in plasma, and histopathological changes in the liver of animals were monitored after drug administration. Methimazole caused liver injury as revealed by increased plasma ALT. Furthermore, a significant amount of lipid peroxidation was detected in the drug-treated animals, and hepatic glutathione reservoirs were depleted. Methimazole-induced hepatotoxicity was more severe in enzyme-induced mice. The above-mentioned alterations in hepatotoxicity markers were endorsed by significant histopathological changes in the liver. Taurine administration (1 g/kg, i.p.) effectively alleviated methimazole-induced liver injury in both intact and/or enzyme-induced animals. 相似文献
18.
Ferdos Zaman Sedigheh Nouhjah Hajieh Shahbazian Nahid Shahbazian Seyed Mahmoud Latifi Alireza Jahanshahi 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2018,12(5):721-725
Aims
Early identification of at-risk groups is an important step in preventing gestational diabetes and its subsequent side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of gestational diabetes based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria in Ahvaz.Material and Methods
In a cross-sectional case control study, 520 pregnant women involving life after gestational diabetes Ahvaz cohort study (LAGAs) were investigated for risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus.Result
The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 40% and25.8% in the GMD group and in 35.8% and 16.2% in the control group respectively (p?=?0.002). According to NCEP-ATP III criteria, 16.9% of women with GDM and 6.9% of mothers in the control group had metabolic syndrome in first visit of pregnancy (p?<?0.001. Logistic regression showed that there is a significant relationship between maternal age[OR?=?1.05(95% CI, 1.01–1.10)] (p?=?0.01), previous GDM [OR?=?5.60(95% CI, 2.21–14.18)] (p?=?0.001), positive family history of diabetes[OR?=?1.86(95% CI, 1.19–2.94)] (p?=?0.006), pre-pregnancy BMI [OR?=?1.05(95% CI, 1.007–1.11)] (p?=?0.04) and metabolic syndrome in first visit of pregnancy[OR?=?2.34 (95% CI, 1.038–5.30)] (p?=?0.04) with GDM.Conclusion
Factors including maternal age, previous GDM, family history of diabetes, pre-pregnancy BMI reported in previous studies around the world. A significant association between metabolic syndrome in the first visit of pregnancy and GDM is novel finding of this study. Therefore screening of pre-pregnancy metabolic syndrome in women at risk of gestational diabetes is recommended. 相似文献19.
Randi B. Silver Kumar S. Poonwasi Nahid Seyedi Sandy J. Wilson Timothy W. Lovenberg Roberto Levi 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2002,99(1):501-506
Activation of presynatic histamine H(3) receptors (H(3)R) down-regulates norepinephrine exocytosis from cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals, in both normal and ischemic conditions. Analogous to the effects of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, which also act prejunctionally to inhibit norepinephrine release, H(3)R-mediated antiexocytotic effects could result from a decreased Ca(2+) influx into nerve endings. We tested this hypothesis in sympathetic nerve terminals isolated from guinea pig heart (cardiac synaptosomes) and in a model human neuronal cell line (SH-SY5Y), which we stably transfected with human H(3)R cDNA (SH-SY5Y-H(3)). We found that reducing Ca(2+) influx in response to membrane depolarization by inhibiting N-type Ca(2+) channels with omega-conotoxin (omega-CTX) greatly attenuated the exocytosis of [(3)H]norepinephrine from both SH-SY5Y and SH-SY5Y-H(3) cells, as well as the exocytosis of endogenous norepinephrine from cardiac synaptosomes. Similar to omega-CTX, activation of H(3)R with the selective H(3)R-agonist imetit also reduced both the rise in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration (Ca(i)) and norepinephrine exocytosis in response to membrane depolarization. The selective H(3)R antagonist thioperamide prevented this effect of imetit. In the parent SH-SY5Y cells lacking H(3)R, imetit affected neither the rise in Ca(i) nor [(3)H]norepinephrine exocytosis, demonstrating that the presence of H(3)R is a prerequisite for a decrease in Ca(i) in response to imetit and that H(3)R activation modulates norepinephrine exocytosis by limiting the magnitude of the increase in Ca(i). Inasmuch as excessive norepinephrine exocytosis is a leading cause of cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia, attenuation of norepinephrine release by H(3)R agonists may offer a novel therapeutic approach to this condition. 相似文献
20.
Shai Padeh Nahid Farzam Gilad Chayen Maya Gerstein Yackov Berkun 《Immunologic research》2013,56(2-3):444-450
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute phase protein produced in different body tissues. The aims of this study were to characterize PTX3 secretion in synovial fluid (SF) of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients and to analyze the correlation of PTX3 levels in SF with clinical characteristics and the course of the disease. SF-PTX3 levels were measured in a cohort of 75 consecutive JIA patients followed in a single center. Patients’ clinical characteristics, disease course, and therapies were analyzed for their correlation with SF-PTX3 levels. A synovial cell line was used to study the kinetics of PTX3 secretion by synoviocytes. SF-PTX3 levels varied over a wide range. Elevated SF-PTX3 levels were detected in patients who subsequently required treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs during the follow-up period. SF-PTX3 levels were found to be inversely correlated with the length of time from onset of joint swelling. No correlation was found between synovial and serum PTX3 or C-reactive protein (CRP). Following in vitro stimulation of synovial cell line with TNFa or IL1, the secretion of PTX3 increases transiently in the first 48–72 h. A similar increase was obtained in patients’ synovial fluids but not with IL6. Higher SF-PTX3 levels were found when tested closer to arthritis exacerbation and 48–72 h after in vitro stimulation of cells from a synovial cell line, implying that PTX3 plays a role in early stages of inflammation. Higher SF-PTX3 levels were associated with several clinical features reflecting disease severity and prognostic data. Measuring SF-PTX3 levels may help in providing a more focused and patient-adjusted treatment. 相似文献