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991.
992.
Khalili M Guy J Yu A Li A Diamond-Smith N Stewart S Chen M Nguyen T 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2011,56(5):1516-1523
Background
Physician patterns of screening for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among Asian Americans are not well described. 相似文献993.
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Vallet AE Verschueren A Petiot P Vandenberghe N Nicolino M Roman S Pouget J Vial C 《Journal of neurology》2012,259(1):39-46
Triple-A or Allgrove syndrome is a rare multisystem disease classically associated with esophageal achalasia, adrenal insufficiency
and alacrima. Here, we describe the poorly understood neurological characteristics often associated with this condition, through
the clinical and electrophysiological analysis of eight patients. All patients were genetically confirmed and had a mutation
in the ALADIN gene. They all displayed a classical picture of Triple-A syndrome: all suffered from achalasia and alacrima
and half of them from adrenal insufficiency. However, all harbored a neurological picture characterized by a recognizable
pattern of peripheral neuropathy. Other neurological features included cognitive deficits, pyramidal syndrome, cerebellar
dysfunction, dysautonomia, neuro-ophthalmological signs and bulbar and facial symptoms. This neurological picture was prominent
in all patients and misled the initial diagnosis in six of them, which had a late onset. We then review the previous neurological
reports of this disease, to improve the understanding of this rare condition. Diagnosis of late-onset Triple-A syndrome is
difficult when the clinical picture is mainly neurological and when endocrine or gastrointestinal signs are minor. The characteristics
of the peripheral neuropathy, among other neurological signs, can be of help. 相似文献
998.
Haj-Yasein NN Jensen V Østby I Omholt SW Voipio J Kaila K Ottersen OP Hvalby Ø Nagelhus EA 《Glia》2012,60(6):867-874
Little is known about the physiological roles of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in the central nervous system. AQP4 water channels are concentrated in endfeet membranes of astrocytes but also localize to the fine astrocytic processes that abut central synapses. Based on its pattern of expression, we predicted that AQP4 could be involved in controlling water fluxes and changes in extracellular space (ECS) volume that are associated with activation of excitatory pathways. Here, we show that deletion of Aqp4 accentuated the shrinkage of the ECS that occurred in the mouse hippocampal CA1 region during activation of Schaffer collateral/commissural fibers. This effect was found in the stratum radiatum (where perisynaptic astrocytic processes abound) but not in the pyramidal cell layer (where astrocytic processes constitute but a minor volume fraction). For both genotypes the ECS shrinkage was most pronounced in the pyramidal cell layer. Our data attribute a physiological role to AQP4 and indicate that this water channel regulates extracellular volume dynamics in the mammalian brain. 相似文献
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Ben Fredj N Rotola A Nefzi F Chebel S Rizzo R Caselli E Frih-Ayed M Di Luca D Aouni M 《Journal of neurovirology》2012,18(1):12-19
Members of the human Herpesviridae family are candidates for representing the macroenvironmental factors associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis.
To verify the possible role of human herpesviruses (HHVs) as triggering or aggravating factors in relapsing–remitting multiple
sclerosis clinical outcome, we studied the prevalence of all eight human herpesviruses in whole blood samples collected from
51 MS patients and from 51 healthy controls. The presence of DNA of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2),
varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human herpesvirus
7 (HHV-7) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) was searched by specific nested polymerase chain reaction. HHVs were significantly
more prevalent in the blood of MS patients than in those of the controls (P < 10−4). HSV-1, HSV-2, HCMV and HHV-8 were negative in both MS patients and controls samples. In MS patients, EBV, HHV-7, HHV-6
and VZV were detected in 31.3%, 33.3%, 5.8% and 7.8% of samples, respectively, compared with 3.9%, 9.8%, 1.96% and 1.96%,
respectively, of samples from controls. We found a statistically significant difference only for EBV DNA and for HHV-7 DNA
prevalence (P < 0.001 and P = 0.03). Although these results indicate lack of apparent association in terms of gender, type of diagnosis, symptoms, disease
score and β interferon treatment between EBV or HHV-7 to MS among Tunisian patients, heterogeneity related to genetic polymorphism
as well as geographical distribution of the disease and of pathogens may be of significance. 相似文献
1000.
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Asylum procedures are known to be protracted, stretching to over ten years in many host countries. International research shows high levels of distress for asylum seekers. Little is known about actual psychiatric morbidity in this population, especially during the first few years postmigration. METHODS: The mental health status of two groups of asylum seekers was assessed: Group 1 (n = 43) had arrived in Switzerland 2.9 (SD 1.1) months prior to assessment, while Group 2 (n = 43) had arrived 15.5 (SD 3.2) months prior to assessment. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Symptom severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale), anxiety (Hopkins Symptom Checklist), depression (Hopkins Symptom Checklist), and pain (Verbal Rating Scale) were assessed using self-report questionnaires. Post-migratory factors such as German language proficiency and social contacts were also assessed. Interviews were conducted with the assistance of trained interpreters. RESULTS: Four out of ten participants met diagnostic criteria for at least one DSM-IV disorder. Groups did not differ with respect to psychiatric morbidity or symptom levels. Major depression (31.4%) and PTSD (23.3%) were diagnosed most frequently. The number of experienced traumatic event types was highly correlated with psychiatric morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric morbidity in asylum seekers in the first two years after arrival is high, with no indication of a decrease in mental distress over time. Traumatic experiences seem to play a major role in morbidity during this time. Considering the magnitude of clinically relevant distress, a short psychological screening upon arrival with a focus on traumatic experiences may be warranted. 相似文献