A critical analysis of attenuation effects of different types of ear protective devices

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the noise attenuation characteristics of different types of Ear protective Devices which are commonly used. 20 healthy normal subjects’ open and closed hearing thresholds (with the usage of ear protective device) were recorded in an anechoic chamber and the attenuation charactaristics at 8 discrete frequencies were analysed and compared. Though the attenuation given by different types of ear protective devices are variable and not the ideal, still the present generation of devices have shown satisfactory attenuation characteristics, It is important that proper selection, fitment and usage of these devices should he carefully thought of prior to its usage.     

Mid-trimester abortion using prostaglandin E2 gel.

Nineteen cases of mid-trimester pregnancy were terminated using prostaglandin E2 gel applied intracervically. In this prospective study, 42% were primipara with gestational age at the time of abortion between 16 and 28 weeks. The induction to abortion time was 19.65 +/- 10.37 h with a success rate of 89%. The average number of applications was 1.8 times (range 1-3 times) and the average dosage of prostaglandin required was 5.5 mg (range 3-9 mg). The complications were minimal except retained placenta in 42% of cases. Prostaglandin E2 in form of gel applied intracervically is an effective alternative to the commonly used hypertonic saline or, more recently, to prostaglandin analogues for termination of pregnancy in the second trimester.     

Serotonergic projections from the midbrain periaqueductal gray and nucleus raphe dorsalis to the nucleus parafasccicularis of the thalamus

By a double-labeling method combining the retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxidase and the immunocytochemical technique, serotonin-like immunoreactive neurons in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) and nucleus raphe dorsalis (DR) of the rat were observed to send projection fibers to the nucleus parafascicularis of the thalamus bilaterally with an ipsilateral dominance. These serotonin-containing projecting neurons were observed mainly at the middle-caudal levels of the ventrolateral subdivision of the PAG and less at the middle-rostral levels of the DR.     

Focused helical appendiceal computed tomography: Technique and interpretation

This article reviews a focused helical appendiceal computed tomographic technique and discusses an approach to appendiceal computed tomographic interpretation.     

Modulation of trenimon-induced cytotoxicity by DT-diaphorase in isolated rat hepatocytes under aerobic versus hypoxic conditions.

Trenimon belongs to a class of aziridinylbenzoquinone anticancer drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier. In this study we have investigated the molecular mechanisms for trenimon-induced toxicity in aerobic versus hypoxic conditions with the use of freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. The following evidence suggests the mechanisms for trenimon detoxification involves reduction by DT-diaphorase, while the cytotoxic mechanism involves macromolecular alkylation under hypoxic conditions as well as oxidative stress under aerobic conditions. (a) Hepatocyte cytotoxicity induced by trenimon (250 microM) under aerobic conditions ensued following an initial induction of cyanide-resistant respiration and partial oxidation of glutathione to oxidized glutathione. Trenimon reduction to the hydroquinone by the hepatocytes was rapid. Inhibition of hepatocyte DT-diaphorase by dicumarol increased trenimon-induced cytotoxicity by approximately 10-fold, and markedly inhibited hydroquinone formation. Furthermore, both cyanide-resistant respiration and oxidized glutathione formation were markedly increased, resulting in depletion of oxygen in the media. Trenimon reduction to the hydroquinone then occurred. This suggests that DT-diaphorase in normal hepatocytes prevents the formation of the semiquinone that causes cytotoxic protein alkylation and oxidative stress. (b) Hepatocyte cytotoxicity induced by trenimon (350 microM) under hypoxic conditions ensued following glutathione depletion without oxidized glutathione formation. Inactivation of hepatocyte DT-diaphorase by dicumarol under hypoxic conditions increased trenimon-induced cytotoxicity by approximately 3.5-fold and increased semiquinone radical levels 2-fold without affecting its reduction rate. This suggests that the cytotoxic mechanism involves protein alkylation by semiquinone radicals formed by reductases catalyzing a one-electron reduction of trenimon.     

氩激光凝固法对糖尿病性视网膜病变的疗效观察

目的 观察糖尿病性视网膜病变(DR)不同分期者接受氩激光治疗的临床效果。方法 采用科以人2000型氩激光组合激光机对170例263只患眼分别做如下处理：(1)对非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(NPDR)30眼行局部氩激光凝固术(光凝)；(2)对增殖前期糖尿病视网膜病变(PPDR)156眼行次全视网膜光凝；(3)对增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)77眼行全视网膜光凝，对合并黄斑局限或弥漫性水肿者给予局灶性光凝或格栅样光凝。于光凝后3个月检查。进行视力、眼底、视网膜荧光血管造影，并与治疗前各项结果对比。结果 视力提高92眼(35％)、无变化144眼(55％)、下降27眼(10％)。眼底检查、荧光血管造影复查示：NPDR、PPDR眼视网膜微血管瘤、水肿、渗出消退，荧光渗漏消退占89％。其余11％需补充光凝。PDR眼视网膜、视盘新生血管消退占67％，33％为部分消退需补充光凝。黄斑水肿完全或部分消退占91％，光凝后出现视网膜前灶性出血占8％，玻璃体积血为1％。结论 氩激光对不同分期DR均有效。NPDR、PPDR效果好于PDR眼，后者光凝后荧光血管造影复查以及补充光凝对提高疗效非常必要。     

Induced abortion in China and the advances of post abortion family planning service

<正>This is a review of current situation of induced abortion and post abortion family planning service in China. Induced abortion is an important issue in reproductive health. This article reviewed the distribution of induced abortion in various time, areas, and population in China, and explored the character, reason, and harm to reproductive health of induced abortion. Furthermore, this article introduces the concept of Quality of Care Program in Family Planning, and discusses how important and necessary it is to introduce Quality of Care Program in Family Planning to China.     

我国南丁格尔奖获得者社会成因分析

[目的]探讨家庭、学校与工作环境对我国南丁格尔奖获得者的成因影响，挖掘其中重要影响因素，为培养优秀护理人才提供参考。[方法]采用文献分析法进行研究。[结果]我国南丁格尔奖获得者家庭环境大多贫困，家庭类型以教师、医生等知识分子家庭居多；就读学校大多为治学严谨、校规严明的教会创办学校；工作单位最多6个，最少1个，平均1．98个；获得者83．72％来自综合类医院（其中32．56％获奖时已退休），16．28％来自专科类医院。88．37％参加过重大突发事件的护理工作；获奖前工作年限最长61年，最短10年，平均39．49年。[结论]家庭潜移默化；学校治学严谨、校规严明；工作单位多为综合类医院；绝大多数历经特殊事件磨炼。