血管内皮生长因子3’非翻译区936C/T 突变与糖尿病视网膜病变的关系

目的: 探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)936C/T突变与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的关系。方法: 按WHO的糖尿病(DM)诊断和排除标准及分型标准,选取无亲缘关系的2型糖尿病患者254例,分为非增殖性视网膜病变(NPDR)组、增殖性视网膜病变(PDR)组和单纯2型糖尿病(DM)组,选取健康体检人群120例作为正常对照组(NC)。采用PCR-RFLP方法确定全部人员的基因型,对不同组间的临床与生化指标及VEGF浓度、936C/T多态性进行了统计分析。结果: NPDR 和PDR组的CC基因型频率及C等位基因频率显著高于DM组(²=7.490,²=4.448, P<0.05;²=8.333,²=5.227,P<0.05)和NC组(²=9.934,²=4.899, P<0.05; ²=10.895,²=5.714, P<0.05),而NPDR 和PDR组(CT+TT)基因型频率及T等位基因频率显著低于NC组(²=9.934,²=10.895, P<0.01;²=4.899,²=5.714, P<0.05)和DM组(²=7.490,²=8.333,P<0.01;²=4.448,²=5.227,P<0.05)。DR多重危险因素分析显示血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平以及VEGF浓度和DR发病呈正相关,而VEGF 936C/T突变与DR发病危险呈负相关(β=-1.027,OR=0.343,P<0.01,CI:0.157-0.723)。结论: 中国汉族人群中存在VEGF 936C/T突变。VEGF 936C等位基因及CC基因型可能是中国汉族糖尿病患者易于发生DR的危险性遗传标志,而VEGF 936T等位基因和携带T等位基因的基因型(936TT基因型和936CT基因型)可能是DR发病风险降低的遗传标志。血浆VEGF、 LDL-C、TC和HbA1c水平可能是2型糖尿病患者易发DR的危险因素。     

公众对自杀的态度量表的编制及在社区和大学学生中的应用

目的:编制公众对自杀的态度量表(the Scale of Public Attitudes about Suicide,SPAS),并在社区和大学学生中检验其信效度。方法:采用多阶段分层随机取样,抽取山东农村居民604例、天津城市居民548例及重庆的大学学生626例,用SPAS进行调查。首次调查后5～8天,顺序选择1063例被试进行重测。将受教育程度≥9年(n=580)的社区居民随机分为自评(n=243)和由调查员提问并填写问卷(n=337),将自评的大学学生随机分为署名(n=321)和匿名(n=305)。结果:(1)SPAS包含47个条目,分为7个分量表。(2)自杀问题的社会重要性分量表的内部一致性和重测一致性偏低(Cronbachα=0.48,ICC=0.59);其他6个分量表的内部一致性α在0.62～0.87之间,重测一致性ICC在0.62～0.82之间。(3)农村居民、城市居民和学生之间,除对自杀的正性态度分量表得分外,其余6个分量表得分的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),农村组得分最高而学生组得分最低。自评组和由调查员提问并填写组相比,除自杀行为的自我不可控制性和对自杀的正性态度2个分量表外,其余5个分量表得分均是后者高于前者(均P<0.05)。署名和匿名组各分量表得分差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:公众对自杀的态度量表是一个可靠的评估国内社会对自杀的态度的工具。     

蝎素组分Ⅲ对THP1细胞NF-κB转录因子的影响

目的:研究蝎素组分Ⅲ(Scorpion venom crudeⅢ,SVC-Ⅲ)对THP1细胞中NFκ-B转录因子的影响。方法:用RT-PCR方法检测THP1细胞中p65和IKK1基因的表达;Western blot检测细胞p65蛋白的表达;荧光素酶报告基因的方法观察NF-κB的转录活性。结果:1μg/L浓度的SVC-Ⅲ在mRNA和蛋白水平均对NFκ-B有促进表达作用,并增强NFκ-B的转录活性;10μg/L浓度的SVC-Ⅲ则未显示出促进作用;100μg/L浓度的SVC-Ⅲ反而表现出一定的抑制作用。结论:SVC-Ⅲ能以剂量依赖的方式调节THP1细胞NFκ-B转录因子的表达和活性。     

椎体成形穿刺注射骨水泥防止灾难性并发症：87例137个椎体资料分析

背景：椎体成形治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折效果确切,但一些热点问题仍无定论。 目的：探讨椎体成形技术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折过程中穿刺损伤、骨水泥注射剂量、多椎体成形及骨水泥渗漏等问题的解决方案。 方法：回顾性分析经皮穿刺椎体成形技术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折87例137个椎体。全部经单侧椎弓根穿刺,骨水泥稀薄期注射,骨水泥注射量为3~7.5 mL,胸椎3 mL以上,腰椎4.5 mL以上,平均4.8 mL,多椎体者均一次手术完成。 结果与结论：随访6~30个月,治疗后第2天和最终随访时患者目测类比疼痛评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数评分均显著低于治疗前(P < 0.01)。所有患者胸腰背疼痛明显缓解,其中58例疼痛完全消失;1例术中出现骨水泥单体中毒症状,28例出现不同程度骨水泥渗漏,但未出现临床症状。137个椎体中骨水泥渗透达到和超过中线119个,占87.2%。提示椎体成形技术是治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的有效方法。骨水泥稀薄期注射能够获得良好的渗透效果;在局麻药限量范围内,一次可完成3个以上椎体成形;严格正规的操作技术是预防骨水泥渗漏灾难性并发症最重要的方法。     

主动健康中的生物力学

在主动健康中,生物力学发挥着不可替代的作用。运动通过肌肉和关节活动对人体组织和器官形成力学刺激,促进健康,也可能导致损伤或病变。另外,在辅具设计与评价、康复临床诊疗中都涉及生物力学。主动健康生物力学的发展需要体育和医学的融合,考虑更多动力学、疲劳和力学耦合问题。在将来的研究中,一方面需要借鉴其他生物力学方向的经验,另一方面结合科技发展前沿开拓生物力学新方向。     

亚洲蹲和西方蹲的下肢关节运动学和肌肉激活比较

目的分析比较亚洲蹲和西方蹲动作中下肢关节运动学和肌肉激活程度的差异。方法以11名健康成年人为研究对象,采用三维运动捕捉系统、测力台和表面肌电同步采集两种下蹲动作的运动学、动力学和肌肉激活信息,并通过OpenSim计算下肢肌力。结果在膝关节弯曲角度峰值时刻,亚洲蹲骨盆前倾,而西方蹲骨盆后倾;此外,与亚洲蹲相比,西方蹲具有显著较小的髋关节屈角、较大的膝关节屈角、较大的髋关节外展角和内旋角。在自重深蹲的下降期和上升期中,西方蹲的比目鱼肌力峰值均显著大于亚洲蹲,西方蹲的胫骨前肌力均显著小于亚洲蹲,峰值时刻未见统计学差异。结论在亚洲蹲中,胫骨前肌激活和近侧端关节前屈可能有利于稳定;而在脚跟抬起的西方蹲中,比目鱼肌激活显著,但两者近端肌肉激活模式相同。研究结果为临床深蹲康复方案制定或深蹲训练方式的选择提供理论指导。     

4-苯基丁酸抑制PERK/eIF2α信号通路缓解大鼠脊髓损伤内质网氧化应激反应

目的 探讨4-苯基丁酸对脊髓损伤大鼠的作用和可能机制.方法 采用Allen's法操作方法建立脊髓损伤模型,将SD大鼠分为假手术组(Sham组)、模型组(SCI组)和4-苯基丁酸钠治疗组(4-PBA组);对三组大鼠进行脊髓运动功能(BBB)的评分;应用HE染色检测各组大鼠脊髓的损伤情况;采用ELISA检测各组大鼠血清中M...     

Differential immune responses of immunoglobulin Z subclass members in antibacterial immunity in a zebrafish model

Immunoglobulin Z (IgZ) or its equivalent immunoglobulin T (IgT) is a newly identified immunoglobulin (Ig) class from teleost fish. This Ig class is characterized by its involvement in mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) for mucosal defence against pathogen infection. Recently, several subclass members of IgZ/IgT, such as IgZ, IgZ2, Igτ1, Igτ2 and Igτ3, have been further identified from zebrafish, common carp and rainbow trout. However, the functional diversity and correlation among these subclasses remain uncertain. Here, we explored the differential immune reactions of the IgZ and IgZ2 subclasses in antibacterial immunity in a zebrafish model. IgZ was extensively distributed in the peripheral serum and skin/gill MALTs and showed a rapid induction upon bacterial infection. IgZ2 was specialized in skin/gill MALTs and showed a strong induction following IgZ production. Correspondingly, the IgZ⁺ B cells had a wider distribution in the systemic primary/secondary lymphoid tissues and MALTs than the IgZ2⁺ B cells, which were predominant in MALTs. IgZ and IgZ2 exhibited a complementary effect in antibacterial immunity by possessing differential abilities. That is, IgZ is preferentially involved in bactericidal reaction that is in part C1q‐dependent, and IgZ2 participates in neutralization action through bacteria‐coating activity. The production of IgZ largely depended on the αβ T/CD4⁺ T cells, whereas that of IgZ2 did not, suggesting the different dependencies of IgZ and IgZ2 on systemic immunity. Our findings demonstrate that the functional behaviour and mechanism of the IgZ/IgT family are more diverse than previously recognized and thus improve the current knowledge about this ancient Ig class.     

Duration of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA shedding and factors associated with prolonged viral shedding in patients with COVID‐19

To investigate the factors associated with the duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA shedding in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). A retrospective cohort of COVID‐19 patients admitted to a designated hospital in Beijing was analyzed to study the factors affecting the duration of viral shedding. The median duration of viral shedding was 11 days (IQR, 8‐14.3 days) as measured from illness onset. Univariate regression analysis showed that disease severity, corticosteroid therapy, fever (temperature>38.5°C), and time from onset to hospitalization were associated with prolonged duration of viral shedding (P < .05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that fever (temperature>38.5°C) (OR, 5.1, 95%CI: 1.5‐18.1), corticosteroid therapy (OR, 6.3, 95%CI: 1.5‐27.8), and time from onset to hospitalization (OR, 1.8, 95%CI: 1.19‐2.7) were associated with increased odds of prolonged duration of viral shedding. Corticosteroid treatment, fever (temperature>38.5°C), and longer time from onset to hospitalization were associated with prolonged viral shedding in COVID‐19 patients.     

血清Melatonin、 NOX4水平在动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后评估中的应用

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,aSAH)患者血清褪黑素(Melatonin)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶4(NOX4)水平及其与患者预后的相关性.方法 选取在我科接受治疗的aSAH患者120例(观察组).另选取我院体检健康者80例(对照组)....