A number of studies have indicated that cholecystokinin type A receptor (CCK-AR) plays a crucial role in postnatal pancreatic proliferation and blood glucose regulation through stimulating insulin secretion. The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat has been shown to possess poor pancreatic proliferation (PPP) capability after pancreatectomy (Px). Here we have constructed a congenic strain which introgressed an OLETF-derived 18.5 cM genomic fragment identified in our previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis as a locus responsible for PPP into normoglycemic F344 genetic background The introgressed region includes CCK-AR null mutation. After Px, the congenic rat showed weak pancreatic proliferation equivalent to that of the OLETF rat. Furthermore, post-surgery non-fasting blood glucose levels for the congenic rats are significantly higher in comparison with the F344 rats. At 28 days after Px, the congenic rats also showed lower blood insulin levels than the F344 rats. These results further provide the genetic evidence that 1) CCK-AR is essential for pancreatic regeneration; 2) impaired pancreatic proliferation mediates the development of hyperglycemia. 相似文献
Daily moderate exercise and supplementation of vitamins C and E (VCE) can be beneficial in diabetes by ameliorating the effects of free radical production. The present study sought to analyze the effect of moderate exercise accompanying VCE supplementation on lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidative systems in the blood of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided 4 groups. The 1st and 2nd groups served as the control and diabetic groups, respectively. The 3rd group was the diabetic-exercise group. The 4th group, also diabetic-exercise rats, received VCE-supplemented feed. Animals in the exercised groups were moderately exercised on a treadmill 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Diabetes was induced on Day 0 of the exercise. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) samples were taken from all animals on Day 20. Glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels in plasma and RBCs, and vitamins A, E, and beta-carotene in plasma were lower in diabetic rats than in control animals, whereas there was a significant increase in platelet counts in both plasma and RBC LP levels. The decreased antioxidant enzymes and vitamins, and the increased LP levels and WBC counts, did improve through exercise only, although their levels were mostly increased by exercise + VCE supplementation. There were no significant changes in the hemoglobin and hematocrit values in the 4 groups. In conclusion, these data demonstrate an increase in LP in the blood of diabetic animals whereas there was a decrease in the antioxidant vitamins and enzymes. However, dietary VCE with moderate exercise may strengthen the antioxidant defense system by decreasing reactive oxygen species. 相似文献
Hypertension risk may be associated with increased pressor response to mental stress. However, studies using family history as a predictor of reactivity have obtained mixed results. We assessed cardiovascular responses to mental arithmetic stress (a 5-min serial subtraction task) in male medical students (n = 220) at three levels of hypertension risk based on parental history and the subject's systolic blood pressure (SBP): low (SBP < 125 mm Hgand 0 or 1 hypertensive parent), moderate (resting SBP ≥ 125 mm Hgor 2 hypertensive parents), or high (resting SBP ≥ 125 mm Hgand 1 or 2 hypertensive parents). High risk men showed the greatest blood pressure responses ( + 22/ + 16 mm Hg), while moderate and low-risk groups showed correspondingly smaller responses ( + 17/ + 13 and + 14/ + 11 mm Hg, p's < 0.02). Family history alone did not predict differential reactivity. This study replicates and extends our previous work suggesting the importance of using both family history and resting blood pressure level in determining future risk for hypertension in studies of cardiovascular reactivity in relation to hypertension risk in males. 相似文献
BackgroundAlthough recent studies have shown an association between obesity and adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient outcomes, there is a paucity in large studies focusing on hospitalized patients. We aimed to analyze outcomes associated with obesity in a large cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study at a tertiary care health system of adult patients with COVID-19 who were admitted between March 1 and April 30, 2020. Patients were stratified by body mass index (BMI) into obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2) and non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m 2) cohorts. Primary outcomes were mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, intubation, and 30-day readmission.ResultsA total of 1983 patients were included of whom 1031 (51.9%) had obesity and 952 (48.9%) did not have obesity. Patients with obesity were younger (P < 0.001), more likely to be female (P < 0.001) and African American (P < 0.001) compared to patients without obesity. Multivariable logistic models adjusting for differences in age, sex, race, medical comorbidities, and treatment modalities revealed no difference in 60-day mortality and 30-day readmission between obese and non-obese groups. In these models, patients with obesity had increased odds of ICU admission (adjusted OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07?1.76; P = 0.012) and intubation (adjusted OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04?1.80; P = 0.026).ConclusionsObesity in patients with COVID-19 is independently associated with increased risk for ICU admission and intubation. Recognizing that obesity impacts morbidity in this manner is crucial for appropriate management of COVID-19 patients. 相似文献
Pain during sexual activity and ejaculation are the unspoken long-term complications of groin hernia repair. Laparoscopic surgical techniques are associated with decreased post-operative pain and earlier return to daily activities, but its effect on these complications is unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP) on de-novo pain during sexual intercourse and ejaculation and to compare with open repair. For this reason, two groups were determined according to the surgical technique: the Lichtenstein repair and the TAPP groups and a questionnaire was sent to the patients a minimum of 6 months following the surgery. A total of 317 patients included, as 115 in TAPP and 202 in Lichtenstein repair group. No significant difference was observed concerning pre-operative pain during sexual activity and ejaculation in both groups (p = .75, p = .56). Following the surgery, the number of patients experiencing painful sexual activity was significantly higher in the Lichtenstein repair group compared to the TAPP group (19.3% vs. 11.3%, respectively, p = .03). The post-operative painful ejaculation rate was also significantly lower for the TAPP group (p = .04). The lower rates of post-operative dysejaculation and pain during sexual activity can be achieved with the advantage of laparoscopic surgery. 相似文献
Background:To evaluate the changes in penile sensation by electrophysiological tests in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and to demonstrate the role of dorsal penile nerve injury in postoperative erectile dysfunction.Materials and methods:Twenty-six volunteer patients who were eligible for RP were included in the study. Preoperative penile sensory electromyography and the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire were done for each patient. Erectile function assessment and electrophysiological evaluation of penile sensation were repeated at postoperative 3rd and 6th months.Results:Postoperative IIEF-5 scores and electromyography values were significantly lower than preoperative findings (p < 0.05). The IIEF-5 scores in the nerve sparing-RP (NS-RP) group were significantly higher than the non-nerve sparing-RP (NNS-RP) group in the postoperative period. Nerve conduction velocity values in the NS-RP group were also higher than the NNS-RP group at the postoperative 3rd and 6th months. However, these changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).Conclusions:Patients who underwent RP have decreased penile sensation due to cavernous nerve damage and a possible dorsal penile nerve injury. The decrease of penile sensation may be associated with postoperative erectile dysfunction. 相似文献
The aims of this study were to investigate the accumulation (15 days) and elimination (15 and 30 days) of cadmium (Cd) in the liver, gill, kidney and muscle of Oreochromis niloticus following exposures to different concentrations (1 and 2 mg/L) of Cd at different water temperatures (20, 25, 30 oC). Additionally, responses of oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx and malondialdehyde, MDA) of the liver were determined following Cd exposures. In accumulation period, Cd levels increased significantly in all the tissues at all temperatures and tissue accumulation order was kidney?>?liver?>?gill. All tissues, except the muscle, accumulated Cd in relation to exposure concentrations and water temperatures. There was no measurable level of Cd accumulation in the muscle, except in fish exposed to 2 mg Cd/L at 30 oC. Likewise, elimination of Cd from the tissues also increased in depends on periods and water temperatures. The order of Cd elimination from the tissues was gill?>?liver?>?kidney. The oxidative stress biomarkers also responded to both Cd exposure and temperature increases. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPx and MDA levels in the liver increased in relation to increases in Cd concentrations and water temperatures.
BACKGROUND: Melasma is a chronic hypermelanotic disorder that is challenging to treat; no single effective therapeutic agent for it has been discovered. Methimazole, an oral antithyroid drug, has a skin depigmenting effect when used topically. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of methimazole, applied during microneedling sessions and additional topical use in between sessions, for the treatment of melasma. METHODS: This split-face study included 30 Egyptian patients with melasma, each of whom received 12 microneedling sessions once per week for 12 weeks followed by topical methimazole on the right side of face and placebo on the left side. In between the sessions, topical methimazole 5% cream was applied twice per day on the right side and placebo on the left side. Assessments were performed using the Hemi-melasma Area and Severity Index (hemi-MASI) percentage of improvement, patient satisfaction, dermoscopy, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) serum levels. RESULTS: There were significant clinical and dermoscopic improvements; hemi-MASI scores on the methimazole-treated right sides were decreased (p<0.001). The percent of hemi-MASI score improvement was significantly associated with the malar pattern (p=0.031) and epidermal type (p=0.04) of melasma. About 70 percent of our studied patients reported being satisfied with their treatment response (7% excellent, 33% good, 30% fair). No significant local or systemic side effects were observed. Pre- and posttreatment serum TSH levels were within the normal range in all treated cases. CONCLUSIONS: Methimazole has the potential to be a safe and promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of melasma via dermapen-delivered microneedling sessions with topical use in between sessions. 相似文献