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91.
Turin TC Murakami Y Miura K Rumana N Kadota A Ohkubo T Okamura T Okayama A Ueshima H;NIPPON DATA Research Group 《Diabetes research and clinical practice》2012,96(2):e18-e22
Life expectancy (LE) among the Japanese population with or without diabetes mellitus was estimated. LE in 40-year old men and women was 41.1 and 47.5 years in those without diabetes and 32.3 and 40.9 years in those with diabetes. The LE of 40-year old men and women with diabetes was 8.8 and 6.6 years shorter than in those without diabetes. Diabetes mellitus leads to a decrease in LE. The presence of impaired glucose tolerance also affected LE inversely. 相似文献
92.
93.
Thamir Alandijany Wafa Kammouni Subir K. Roy Chowdhury Paul Fernyhough Alan C. Jackson 《Journal of neurovirology》2013,19(6):537-549
Infection with the challenge virus standard-11 (CVS) strain of fixed rabies virus induces neuronal process degeneration in adult mice after hindlimb footpad inoculation. CVS-induced axonal swellings of primary rodent dorsal root ganglion neurons are associated with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein adduct staining, indicating a critical role of oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction is the major cause of oxidative stress. We hypothesized that CVS infection induces mitochondrial dysfunction leading to oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of CVS infection on several mitochondrial parameters in different cell types. CVS infection significantly increased maximal uncoupled respiration and complex IV respiration and complex I and complex IV activities, but did not affect complex II–III or citrate synthase activities. Increases in complex I activity, but not complex IV activity, correlated with susceptibility of the cells to CVS infection. CVS infection maintained coupled respiration and rate of proton leak, indicating a tight mitochondrial coupling. Possibly as a result of enhanced complex activity and efficient coupling, a high mitochondrial membrane potential was generated. CVS infection reduced the intracellular ATP level and altered the cellular redox state as indicated by a high NADH/NAD+ ratio. The basal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was not affected in CVS-infected neurons. However, a higher rate of ROS generation occurred in CVS-infected neurons in the presence of mitochondrial substrates and inhibitors. We conclude that CVS infection induces mitochondrial dysfunction leading to ROS overgeneration and oxidative stress. 相似文献
94.
Daniel T. Leung Taher Uddin Peng Xu Amena Aktar Russell A. Johnson Mohammad Arif Rahman Mohammad Murshid Alam Meagan Kelly Bufano Grace Eckhoff Ying Wu-Freeman Yanan Yu Tania Sultana Farhana Khanam Amit Saha Fahima Chowdhury Ashraf I. Khan Richelle C. Charles Regina C. LaRocque Jason B. Harris Stephen B. Calderwood Pavol Ková? Firdausi Qadri Edward T. Ryan 《Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI》2013,20(6):780-788
Current oral cholera vaccines induce lower levels of protective efficacy and shorter durations of protection in young children than in adults. Immunity against cholera is serogroup specific, and immune responses to Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the antigen that mediates serogroup-specific responses, are associated with protection against disease. Despite this, responses against V. cholerae O-specific polysaccharide (OSP), a key component of the LPS responsible for specificity, have not been characterized in children. Here, we report a comparison of polysaccharide antibody responses in children from a region in Bangladesh where cholera is endemic, including infants (6 to 23 months, n = 15), young children (24 to 59 months, n = 14), and older children (5 to 15 years, n = 23) who received two doses of a killed oral cholera vaccine 14 days apart. We found that infants and young children receiving the vaccine did not mount an IgG, IgA, or IgM antibody response to V. cholerae OSP or LPS, whereas older children showed significant responses. In comparison to the vaccinees, young children with wild-type V. cholerae O1 Ogawa infection did mount significant antibody responses against OSP and LPS. We also demonstrated that OSP responses correlated with age in vaccinees, but not in cholera patients, reflecting the ability of even young children with wild-type cholera to develop OSP responses. These differences might contribute to the lower efficacy of protection rendered by vaccination than by wild-type disease in young children and suggest that efforts to improve lipopolysaccharide-specific responses might be critical for achieving optimal cholera vaccine efficacy in this younger age group. 相似文献
95.
Aggarwal V Kapoor PM Choudhury M Kiran U Chowdhury U 《Annals of cardiac anaesthesia》2012,15(1):26-31
Sonoclot analysis is a point of care test to monitor the coagulation process, presenting a comprehensive evaluation of the clot formation and retraction as well as platelet function. This randomized double-blinded study was designed to investigate the utility of Sonoclot analysis in monitoring the coagulation profile as also the antifibrinolytic effects of tranexamic acid administered in patients with tetralogy of Fallot undergoing intracardiac repair. Eighty of a total 94 patients were randomly divided into two groups of 40 each. In the study group, TA was administered thrice at a dosage of 10 mg/kg, i.e. before CPB, on CPB and after CPB, whereas in the control group, placebo was administered at the same time intervals. Sonoclot analysis and D-dimer measurement were performed at baseline and following heparin neutralisation. An additional variable, DR?? (diminishing rate of clot strength at 15 min postmaximal clot strength), was calculated from the Sonoclot graph and was compared with d-dimer levels as a measure of fibrinolysis. The three Sonoclot variables, i.e. activated clotting time, clot rate and platelet function, were deranged at baseline in all the patients. Post-CPB, the change in these variables was not significant. ACT, clot rate and platelet function showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference in both the groups at both the time intervals. DR?? and d-dimer values were comparable at baseline in both the groups. However, a significant (P < 0.05) difference was seen in these variables in the control group as compared with the TA group following heparin neutralisation. To conclude, Sonoclot analysis is a useful, point of care method for the monitoring of coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with tetralogy of Fallot undergoing intracardiac repair. 相似文献
96.
Background
The management of patients who relapse after radical radiotherapy is a challenging problem for the multidisciplinary team. This group of men may have been considered ineligible or chosen not to be treated with an initial surgical approach as a result of high-risk features or significant comorbid conditions. It is important not to miss the opportunity for definitive local salvage therapies at this stage, and eligible patients should undergo careful restaging to determine their suitability for these approaches. For those men not suitable for local treatment, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains an option.Methods
Literature review of the evidence relating to the management of hormone therapy for radiorecurrent prostate cancer.Results
Results from retrospective studies have shown that not all men with biochemical relapse will experience distant metastasis or a reduction in survival due to prostate cancer progression. Therefore, the timing of ADT commencement remains controversial. However, it would seem appropriate to offer immediate therapy to men with advanced disease or unfavourable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics at relapse. Patients with more favourable risk factors and PSA kinetics may be considered for watchful waiting and deferred ADT to avoid or delay the associated toxicities. Patients with non-metastatic disease can be given the option of castration-based therapy or an antiandrogen such as bicalutamide which may have potential advantages in maintenance of sexual function, physical capacity and bone mineral density but at the expense of an increase in gynaecomastia and mastalgia. Recent data suggest the burden of toxicity from ADT may be reduced by the use of intermittent hormone therapy without compromising survival in this group of patients with radiorecurrence.Conclusions
Hormone therapy remains an option for men with radiorecurrent prostate cancer. 相似文献97.
98.
Yogesh Patidar Meena Gupta Geeta A Khwaja Debashish Chowdhury Amit Batra Abhijit Dasgupta 《Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology》2013,16(3):428-431
Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a rare, but well-defined motor speech disorder. It is characterized by irregular articulatory errors, attempts of self-correction and persistent prosodic abnormalities. Similar to aphasia, AOS is also localized to the dominant cerebral hemisphere. We report a case of Crossed Aphasia with AOS in a 48-year-old right-handed man due to an ischemic infarct in right cerebral hemisphere. 相似文献
99.
Yogesh Patidar Meena Gupta Geeta A. Khwaja Debashish Chowdhury Amit Batra Abhijit Dasgupta 《Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology》2013,16(2):157-162