全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3170篇 |
免费 | 197篇 |
国内免费 | 37篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 39篇 |
儿科学 | 114篇 |
妇产科学 | 145篇 |
基础医学 | 309篇 |
口腔科学 | 129篇 |
临床医学 | 271篇 |
内科学 | 535篇 |
皮肤病学 | 83篇 |
神经病学 | 144篇 |
特种医学 | 117篇 |
外国民族医学 | 2篇 |
外科学 | 593篇 |
综合类 | 71篇 |
一般理论 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 219篇 |
眼科学 | 94篇 |
药学 | 326篇 |
中国医学 | 21篇 |
肿瘤学 | 189篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 42篇 |
2022年 | 123篇 |
2021年 | 163篇 |
2020年 | 116篇 |
2019年 | 157篇 |
2018年 | 183篇 |
2017年 | 102篇 |
2016年 | 124篇 |
2015年 | 115篇 |
2014年 | 136篇 |
2013年 | 214篇 |
2012年 | 251篇 |
2011年 | 289篇 |
2010年 | 152篇 |
2009年 | 104篇 |
2008年 | 171篇 |
2007年 | 136篇 |
2006年 | 137篇 |
2005年 | 103篇 |
2004年 | 114篇 |
2003年 | 81篇 |
2002年 | 68篇 |
2001年 | 33篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 22篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有3404条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
Mostafa El Mansari Stella Manta Chris Oosterhof Kareem S. El Iskandrani Franck Chenu Stacey Shim Pierre Blier 《The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology / official scientific journal of the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (CINP)》2015,18(4)
Background:
Olfactory bulbectomized rats generally manifest many of the neurochemical, physiological, and behavioral features of major depressive disorder in humans. Another interesting feature of this model is that it responds to chronic but not acute antidepressant treatments, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The purpose of the present study was first to characterize the firing activity of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons in olfactory bulbectomized rats and then examine the effects of 2 antidepressants, bupropion and paroxetine.Methods:
Olfactory bulbectomy was performed by aspirating olfactory bulbs in anesthetized rats. Vehicle and drugs were delivered for 2 and 14 days via subcutaneously implanted minipumps. In vivo electrophysiological recordings were carried out in male anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats.Results:
Following ablation of olfactory bulbs, the firing rate of serotonin neurons was decreased by 36%, leaving those of norepinephrine and dopamine neurons unchanged. In olfactory bulbectomized rats, bupropion (30mg/kg/d) restored the firing rate of serotonin neurons to the control level following 2- and 14-day administration and also induced an increase in the tonic activation of serotonin1A receptors; paroxetine (10mg/kg/d) did not result in a return to normal of the attenuated firing of serotonin neurons in olfactory bulbectomized rats. In the hippocampus, although at a higher dose of WAY 100635 than that required in bupropion-treated animals, paroxetine administration also resulted in an increase in the tonic activation of serotonin1A receptors.Conclusions:
The present results indicate that unlike paroxetine, bupropion administration normalized serotonin neuronal activity and increased tonic activation of the serotonin1A receptors in hippocampus. 相似文献32.
Somayeh Shahani Mostafa Rostamnezhad Vahid Ghaffari-rad Arash Ghasemi Tayyeb Allahverdi Pourfallah Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr 《Dose-response》2015,13(1)
The radioprotective effect of Achillea millefolium L (ACM) extract was investigated against genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation (IR) in human lymphocytes. Peripheral blood samples were collected from human volunteers and incubated with the methanolic extract of ACM at different concentrations (10, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) for 2 hours. At each dose point, the whole blood was exposed in vitro to 2.5 Gy of X-ray and then the lymphocytes were cultured with mitogenic stimulation to determine the micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cell. Antioxidant capacity of the extract was determined using free radical-scavenging method. The treatment of lymphocytes with the extract showed a significant decrease in the incidence of micronuclei binucleated cells, as compared with similarly irradiated lymphocytes without any extract treatment. The maximum protection and decrease in frequency of micronuclei were observed at 200 μg/mL of ACM extract which completely protected genotoxicity induced by IR in human lymphocytes. Achillea millefolium extract exhibited concentration-dependent radical-scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radicals. These data suggest that the methanolic extract of ACM may play an important role in the protection of normal tissues against genetic damage induced by IR. 相似文献
33.
Ocular lesions are frequently associated with different parasitic infections. The classes of infection include protozoa, nematodes, cestodes, and ectoparasites. Ocular parasitic infections can manifest in any part of the eye; the disease manifestations are frequently characterized as either posterior or anterior eye disease. Parasite-induced lesions may be due to damage directly caused by the parasite, indirect pathology caused by toxic products or the immune response initiated by infectious parasitism. This review characterized the parasite-induced lesions in the posterior segment of the eye. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment of these lesions can reduce ocular morbidity. The method of the literature search was conducted on PubMed, Elsevier Scopus database, and Google Scholar with no limitation on the year of publication databases. It was limited to English articles published for ocular lesions in clinical studies and was focused on parasitic infections of the eye. 相似文献
34.
目的:研究埃及Tanta大学医院与隐形眼镜相关的感染性角膜炎患者的不同流行病学特点,评估这类疾病各方面的特点,以提高患者对这类疾病的认识,找出可行的解决方案。
方法:选取我院2009-01/2013-12期间在眼科门诊就诊的所有角膜炎患者仔细检查,并对所有与隐形眼镜相关的感染性角膜炎患者进一步检查和调查。
结果:本研究期间,总共108 496位有不同主诉的患者中,1463例(1.3%)患有不同形式的角膜炎,其中151例(0.1%)为隐形眼镜相关感染性角膜炎。结果发现患有隐形眼镜相关感染性角膜炎常见的年龄群<30岁,大多数是学生(64%),家庭人数多且较为拥挤,农村居民高于城市居民,患者采用户外水源及污水处理不卫生。从病史分析发现:隐形眼镜相关感染性角膜炎通常为彻夜使用,储存或者配戴不卫生,或者隐形眼镜来源不安全,例如化妆品商店和理发店。结膜囊微生物培养结果提示阳性率92%,阴性率8%。大多数培养阳性的病例是由细菌和真菌混合感染引起,共53例(38.1%),单纯细菌感染43例(30.9%),真菌31例( 22.3%),阿米巴12例(8.6%)。
结论:与隐形眼镜相关的感染性角膜炎常见于学生群体,与农村生活、户外供水、不卫生的污水处理等危险因素有关。彻夜配戴、储存或配戴不卫生及隐形眼镜来源不安全都可增加隐形眼镜相关感染性角膜炎的发病率。 相似文献
35.
Zeinab ASKARI Hamed MIRJALALI Mehdi MOHEBALI Zabih ZAREI Saeideh SHOJAEI Tahereh REZAEIAN Mostafa REZAEIAN 《Iranian Journal of Parasitology》2015,10(3):381-388
Background: Microsporidia species are obligatory intracellular agents that can infect all major animal groups including mammals, birds, fishes and insects. Whereas worldwide human infection reports are increasing, the cognition of sources of infection particularly zoonotic transmission could be helpful. We aimed to detect zoonotic microsporidia spore in fecal samples from some animals with close – contact to human.
Methods: Overall, 142 fecal samples were collected from animals with closed-contact to human, during 2012-2013. Trichrome – blue staining were performed and DNA was then extracted from samples, identified positive, microscopically. Nested PCR was also carried out with primers targeting SSU rRNA gene and PCR products were sequenced.
Results: From 142 stool samples, microsporidia spores have been observed microscopically in 15 (10.56%) samples. En. cuniculi was found in the faces of 3 (15%) small white mice and 1 (10%) laboratory rabbits(totally 2.81%). Moreover, E. bieneusi was detected in 3 (10%) samples of sheep, 2 (5.12%) cattle, 1 (10%) rabbit, 3 (11.53%) cats and 2 (11.76%) ownership dogs (totally 7.74%). Phylogenetic analysis showed interesting data. This is the first study in Iran, which identified E. bieneusi and En. Cuniculi in fecal samples of laboratory animals with close – contact to human as well as domesticated animal and analyzed them in phylogenetic tree.
Conclusion:
E. bieneusi is the most prevalent microsporidia species in animals. Our results can also alert us about potentially zoonotic transmission of microsporidiosis.Key Words: Laboratory animals, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Zoonotic transmission 相似文献
36.
Background:
Free-living amoebae belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba have an environmental distribution. Amoebic keratitis due to these protozoan parasites continue to rise in Iran and worldwide. In Iran, there are various researches regarding both morphological and molecular identification of Acanthamoeba spp. in environmental and clinical samples. However, there is no thorough review about Acanthamoeba genotypes and their distribution in environmental sources such as water, dust and biofilm in Iran. Besides, according to increasing cases of Amoebic keratitis in the region awareness regarding the pathogenic potential of these sight-threatening amoebae is of utmost importance.Methods:
We conducted a thorough review based on the database sources such as MEDLINE, PubMed and Google scholar. No restrictions were placed on study date, study design or language of publication. We searched all valuable and relevant information considering the occurrence of the Acanthamoeba in both environmental and clinical samples.Results:
According to our thorough review Acanthamoeba belonging to T4 genotype is the most prevalent type strain in environmental and clinical samples in several regions in Iran and worldwide, however, there are reports regarding Acanthamoeba belonging to other genotypes such as T2, T3, T5, T6 and T11 and the mentioned point could leads us to more researches with the goal of presenting the real genotype dominance of Acanthamoeba and related disease in the country.Conclusion:
Overall, the present review will focus on present status of genotypes of Acanthamoeba in Iran during recent years. 相似文献37.
38.
Khezri Mehrdad Shokoohi Mostafa Mirzazadeh Ali Tavakoli Fatemeh Ghalekhani Nima Mousavian Ghazal Mehmandoost Soheil Kazerooni Parvin Afsar Haghdoost Ali Akbar Karamouzian Mohammad Sharifi Hamid 《AIDS and behavior》2022,26(9):2831-2843
AIDS and Behavior - Injection drug use has been the leading route of HIV transmission in Iran. We assessed HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, and uptake of prevention services among people who inject... 相似文献
39.
Arezou Masteri Farahani Fariba Maleki Nourollah Sadeghzadeh Saeid Abediankenari Seyed Mohammad Abedi Mostafa Erfani 《Chemical biology & drug design》2020,96(2):850-860
Prostate cancer is a serious threat to men's health, so it is necessary to develop the techniques for early detection of this malignancy. Radiolabeled peptides are the useful tools for diagnosis of prostate cancer. In this research, we designed a new HYNIC‐conjugated GnRH analogue and labeled it by 99mTc with tricine/EDDA as coligands. We used aminohexanoic acid (Ahx) as a hydrocarbon linker to generate 99mTc‐(tricine/EDDA)‐HYNIC‐Ahx‐[DLys6]GnRH. The radiopeptide exhibited high radiochemical purity and stability in solution and serum. Two human prostate cancer cell lines LN‐CaP and DU‐145 were used for cellular experiments. The binding specificity and affinity of radiopeptide for LN‐CaP were superior to DU‐145 cells. The Kd values for LN‐CaP and DU‐145 cells were 41.91 ± 7.03 nM and 55.96 ± 10.56 nM, respectively. High kidney uptake proved that the main excretion route of radiopeptide was through the urinary system. The tumor/muscle ratio of 99mTc‐HYNIC‐Ahx‐[DLys6]GnRH was 4.14 at 1 hr p.i. that decreased to 2.41 at 4 hr p.i. in LN‐CaP tumor‐xenografted nude mice. The blocking experiment revealed that the tumor uptake was receptor‐mediated. The lesion was visualized clearly using 99mTc‐[DLys6]GnRH at 1 hr p.i. Accordingly, this research highlights the capability of 99mTc‐(tricine/EDDA)‐HYNIC‐Ahx‐[DLys6]GnRH peptide as a promising agent for GnRHR‐expressing tumor imaging. 相似文献
40.
Mostafa Jafari Thanh N. Nguyen Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez Muhammad Shazam Hussain Ameer E. Hassan Asad Ikram Javed Khader Eliyas Gustavo J. Rodriguez Afshin A. Divani 《Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases》2021,30(3):105556
Objectives/BackgroundMedical therapy is the first line of treatment for intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) are mainly considered for those patients with severe stenosis and recurrent events despite aggressive medical therapy. In this review, we discuss the application of PTAS as a treatment option for ICAD and its future prospect.Materials and MethodsWe did the literature review of the key articles and guidelines to elaborate on the role of PTAS in the management of ICAD based on the current data and expert opinion. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to August 2020, and included articles published only in the English language.ResultsSince the publication of the results from SAMMPRIS and VISSIT trials, stenting is no longer recommended for secondary stroke prevention in patients with symptomatic ICAD. However, recent clinical studies on intracranial stenting for a subgroup of ICAD patients have shown promising results, likely due to better patient selection and continued advancement of endovascular techniques.ConclusionThere exists a lack of consensus regarding the best endovascular treatment approach (e.g., angioplasty alone or balloon mounted stent vs. self-expanding stent with or without prior angioplasty) or management of in-stent restenosis. Another area of clinical controversy relates to the ideal use and duration of antiplatelet therapy. 相似文献