增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)与胃癌预后关系的免疫组化研究

应用ＳＬＡＢ免疫酶标法在石蜡切片上半定量分析增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的表达与７３例胃癌患者预后的关系，探讨其临床应用价值。结果表明，以ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞５０％为界线，阳性率＞５０％者术后生存期较短，５年生存率较低，而淋巴结转移率则较高。提示ＰＣＮＡ检测可作为胃癌预后判断的良好指征。     

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ对软骨细胞凋亡的抑制

目的:探讨胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)对软骨细胞增殖及白细胞介素-1(IL-1)诱导软骨细胞凋亡的影响,揭示其抗损伤作用机制,为关节软骨损伤治疗提供理论依据。方法:分离培养人胚胎关节软骨细胞,采用四氮甲基唑蓝(MTT)法测定不同含量软骨细胞增殖活性的变化,利用光镜、电镜、DNA电泳及流式细胞仪测定作为凋亡检测指标。结果:IGF-Ⅰ呈剂量依赖式促软骨细胞增殖,当IGF-Ⅰ含量达50μg/L时,促软骨细胞增殖作用达最大值。IL-1组光镜、电镜下可见典型的细胞凋亡形态学改变,琼脂糖凝胶电泳示特征性的DNA梯状条带,IGF-Ⅰ处理组未见明显凋亡征象。流式细胞仪检测发现,IGF-Ⅰ处理后软骨细胞凋亡率显著降低。结论:IGF-Ⅰ能促进软骨细胞增殖,对IL-1诱导的软骨细胞凋亡具有保护作用。     

激光荧光检测仪对乳牙合面患龋敏感位点的流行病学研究

目的：定量分析乳牙合面的龋病敏感点位，为指导临床预防和治疗龋病提供依据。方法：采用激光荧光检测仪（DIAGNOdent）检测156名5～6岁儿童共561颗患龋的乳磨牙合面，记录合面龋坏最严重的位点。结果：在上颌第2乳磨牙中，龋坏最严重的位点有60．1％发生在远中窝。在下颌第2乳磨牙中，龋坏最严重的位点有51．2％发生在舌沟；而在下颌第1乳磨牙中，龋坏最严重的位点则易发生在远中窝，占该牙记录位点的34．9％。结论：不同的牙合面患龋严重部位具有统计学规律，提示这些位点是龋坏容易发生和发展的地方，是临床上预防和治疗不可忽略的重要部位。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗恶性血液病化疗后口腔黏膜炎的效果观察

口腔黏膜炎（OM）是恶性血液病病人化疗后常见的并发症，具有潜在危险性，且缺乏有效防治手段，不仅给病人带来疼痛，影响病人的生存质量，也是致死性感染的重要原因之一。本组观察2004年6月-2005年6月在我科住院的74例次恶性血液病病人化疗所致的溃疡性OM的临床表现，比较了碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）治疗和常规漱口液、软膏治疗对OM的疗效。     

反义骨调素寡核苷酸对肾小管上皮细胞骨调素mRNA表达及其胶原凝胶黏附能力的影响

【目的】观察反义骨调素(OPN)寡核苷酸(AS-ODN)对大鼠肾小管上皮细胞(NRK52E)骨调素mRNA表达及黏附能力的影响;比较AS-ODN的游离形式和经阳离子脂质体(DOTAP)包裹形式的反义抑制效果。【方法】用荧光显微镜观察荧光素标记的AS-ODN在细胞中的分布;将寡核苷酸处理NRK52E细胞48h,用TRIzol试剂提取细胞总RNA;用RNA斑点杂交和RT-PCR检测OPNmRNA的表达;将ODN/DOTAP复合物处理的细胞置于胶原凝胶表面,计算细胞的黏附率。【结果】AS-ODN能转移进入胞核中;AS-ODN处理的细胞OPNmRNA表达水平均较低(P<0.05),而顺义或错义寡核苷酸处理的细胞OPNmRNA水平较高,即使30μmol/L浓度也无抑制作用;游离AS-ODN最低抑制浓度为3.75μmol/L,而AS-ODN浓度为0.5μmol/L的AS-ODN/DOTAP复合物具有良好抑制作用;AS-ODN处理的细胞黏附率降低,而顺义或错义寡核苷酸处理的细胞黏附能力较强。【结论】反义骨调素寡核苷酸能特异地抑制大鼠肾小管上皮细胞OPNmRNA表达和黏附胶原凝胶能力;阳离子脂质体能促进AS-ODN的反义抑制作用。     

食管癌3p24等位基因LOH及其扩增产物克隆的研究

目的；研究3p24EAβMD位点与食管癌的关系。为寻找该位点附近可能存在的抑癌基因奠定基础。方法：采用PCR—RFLP法检测45例食管癌患者3p24位点杂合缺失情况。并对该片段进行克隆。结果：在22例食管癌信息个体中共检出9例杂合缺失。并通过序列分析可知变化为点突变。结论：3p24EAβMD较高的杂合缺失率显示该位点附近可能存在潜在的抑癌基因。     

一氧化氮诱导肝癌细胞凋亡过程bcl-2和bax mRNA表达水平的变化

目的 探讨在一氧化氮(NO)诱导肝癌细胞凋亡过程bcl-2和bax mRNA表达水平的动态变化。方法 用NO供体硝普钠(SNP)诱导SMMC-7721和HepG2肝癌细胞株凋亡，RT-PCR的方法检测bcl-2、ba xmRNA表达水平，并采用凝胶分析系统进行半定量分析。结果 1．0mmol/L可降低SMMC-7721和HepG2细胞bcL2、bax mRNA的表达水平，提高bax/bc1-2 mRNA的比值并呈时间依赖性。HepG2细胞bcl-2和bax mRNA降低的幅度较SMMC-7721细胞小(P＜0．05)，开始变化的时间也较SMMC-7721细胞迟。结论 NO诱导肝癌细胞株的凋亡，可能与其bcl-2、bax mRNA表达水平变化导致bax/bc1-2 mRNA比值上升有关。     

Changes in the human vocal tract due to aging and the acoustic correlates of speech production: a pilot study.

This investigation used a derivation of acoustic reflection (AR) technology to make cross-sectional measurements of changes due to aging in the oral and pharyngeal lumina of male and female speakers. The purpose of the study was to establish preliminary normative data for such changes and to obtain acoustic measurements of changes due to aging in the formant frequencies of selected spoken vowels and their long-term average spectra (LTAS) analysis. Thirty-eight young men and women and 38 elderly men and women were involved in the study. The oral and pharyngeal lumina of the participants were measured with AR technology, and their formant frequencies were analyzed using the Kay Elemetrics Computerized Speech Lab. The findings have delineated specific and similar patterns of aging changes in human vocal tract configurations in speakers of both genders. Namely, the oral cavity length and volume of elderly speakers increased significantly compared to their young cohorts. The total vocal tract volume of elderly speakers also showed a significant increment, whereas the total vocal tract length of elderly speakers did not differ significantly from their young cohorts. Elderly speakers of both genders also showed similar patterns of acoustic changes of speech production, that is, consistent lowering of formant frequencies (especially F1) across selected vowel productions. Although new research models are still needed to succinctly account for the speech acoustic changes of the elderly, especially for their specific patterns of human vocal tract dimensional changes, this study has innovatively applied the noninvasive and cost-effective AR technology to monitor age-related human oral and pharyngeal lumina changes that have direct consequences for speech production.     

Acute Cellular Rejection Predominated by Monocytes Is a Severe Form of Rejection in Human Renal Recipients With or Without Campath-1H (Alemtuzumab) Induction Therapy

Campath-1H has been used successfully for induction and has resulted in a low rate of acute cellular rejection (ACR) in renal transplantation in combination with various postoperative immunosuppression regimens. This study was undertaken to investigate the extent of monocyte involvement in ACR, with or without Campath-1H induction. We found that monocytes represented the majority of inflammatory cells in grades Ib or higher ACR, but not with Ia type of ACR, regardless of the status of Campath-1H induction. Cases of ACR, following Campath-1H induction, appear to demonstrate a 'pure form' of monocytic ACR, whereas monocytes were mixed with many other types of inflammatory cells in the cases of ACR in the absence of Campath-1H induction. In addition with Campath-1H induction, the cases of monocyte-predominant ACR were found to uniformly exhibit a good response to corticosteroid treatment. We conclude that monocyte-predominate ACR may represent a severe form of rejection, with or without Campath-1H treatment.     

慢性心房颤动患者心室率变化意义的探讨

目的分析探讨慢性心房颤动患者心室率变化的意义，为临如何预防心房颤动患者出现脑栓塞、心功能降低等并发症提供理论依据。方法将入院或门诊就诊病程超过1年的慢性心房颤动患者分为脑栓塞组和非脑栓塞组，各30例，观察比较两组患者临床特征，动态心电图计数比较两组患者最大心室率、平均心室率及最小心室率变化，超声心动图测定两组患者左房内径大小、左室射血分数变化，血浆凝血酶原时间凝固法测定两组患者血浆凝血酶原时间国际标准化比值（INR）变化。结果两组患者一般临床特征、左房内径大小、INR值比较。差异无统计学意义。脑栓塞组最大心室率、平均心室率及最小心室率均明显快于非脑栓塞组，左室射血分数明显低于非脑栓塞组。结论慢性心房颤动患者降低心室率对预防脑栓塞、左心功能降低有重要意义。