我国正常生育力男子精浆的微量元素研究

本文报告测试了68例正常生育力成年男子精浆中的锌、铜,铁等微量元素和镁,测试结果如下:锌130±5.64μg/ml,铜1.84±0.158μg/ml,铁0.801±0.104μg/ml,镁103.86±10.01μg/ml。所测得的数值均在正常范围内。在正常范围内的精液,精浆中的锌、镁含量与精液质量(精子密度和活动力)之间无显著差异。但铜的含量与精子活动度关系密切,含量高则活动度差,反之则活动度好。铁的含量与精子密度关系也十分密切,含量高时精子密度也高。     

Radiologic and manometric correlation in "nutcracker esophagus"

"Nutcracker esophagus" is a newly described esophageal motor disorder seen in some patients with chest pain and/or dysphagia and characterized manometrically by normal primary peristalsis with distal contractions of high amplitude. The radiographic and manometric examinations in 20 patients with nutcracker esophagus were correlated. Normal primary peristalsis was observed radiographically in 16 patients, and a nonspecific motor disorder was diagnosed in the remaining four patients. Mild-to-severe nonspecific tertiary activity was seen in about half of the patients, esophageal wall thickness was normal. It is concluded that nutcracker esophagus is primarily a manometric diagnosis made in the appropriate clinical setting, and that the radiographic findings are normal or nonspecific.     

Discrete choice experiment with duration versus time trade-off: a comparison of test–retest reliability of health utility elicitation approaches in SF-6Dv2 valuation

Quality of Life Research - To evaluate and compare the test–retest reliability of discrete choice experiments with duration (DCETTO) and time trade-off (TTO) in the Chinese SF-6Dv2 valuation...     

Effects of a single bout of short-duration high-intensity and long-duration low-intensity exercise on insulin resistance and adiponectin/leptin ratio

ObjectivesModerate-intensity exercise improves insulin sensitivity, which may depend on the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise. We examined the effects of a single bout of short-duration high-intensity exercise (HIE) and long-duration lowintensity exercise (LIE) on insulin sensitivity and the adiponectin/leptin ratio in individuals with different body mass indices (BMIs) who do not exercise regularly.MethodsWe enrolled 42 healthy volunteers aged 20–64 years and divided them into two groups based on BMI: BMI <24 kg/m² and BMI ≥27 kg/m². They were randomly assigned to either the short-duration (20 min) HIE (70%–80% heart rate reserve, HRR) or long-duration (60 min) LIE training groups (30%–40% HRR). Glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels were assessed before training and at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after training.ResultsWe finally analyzed 27 normal weight and 9 obese individuals. No significant differences were observed in the baseline information of both BMI groups. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance significantly improved for both exercise patterns in the normal weight group and for the HIE pattern in the obese group (P < 0.01), whereas the adiponectin/leptin ratio increased significantly only among normal weight participants with the LIE intervention.ConclusionBoth exercise patterns in BMI <24 kg/m² and BMI ≥27 kg/m² benefit on insulin resistance. Therefore, people can choose the way they can fit to improve insulin resistance both short-duration high-intensity exercise and long-duration low-intensity exercise.     

A Randomized Pilot Study of DASH Patterned Groceries on Serum Urate in Individuals with Gout

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet reduces serum urate (SU); however, the impact of the DASH diet has not been previously evaluated among patients with gout. We conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover pilot study to test the effects of ~$105/week ($15/day) of dietitian-directed groceries (DDG), patterned after the DASH diet, on SU, compared with self-directed grocery shopping (SDG). Participants had gout and were not taking urate lowering therapy. Each intervention period lasted 4 weeks; crossover occurred without a washout period. The primary endpoint was SU. Compliance was assessed by end-of-period fasting spot urine potassium and sodium measurements and self-reported consumption of daily servings of fruit and vegetables. We randomized 43 participants (19% women, 49% black, mean age 59 years) with 100% follow-up. Mean baseline SU was 8.1 mg/dL (SD, 0.8). During Period 1, DDG lowered SU by 0.55 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.07, 1.04) compared to SDG by 0.0 mg/dL (95% CI: −0.44, 0.44). However, after crossover (Period 2), the SU difference between groups was the opposite: SDG reduced SU by −0.48 mg/dL (95% CI: −0.98, 0.01) compared to DDG by −0.05 mg/dL (95% CI: −0.48, 0.38; P for interaction by period = 0.11). Nevertheless, DDG improved self-reported intake of fruit and vegetables (3.1 servings/day; 95% CI: 1.5, 4.8) and significantly reduced total spot urine sodium excretion by 22 percentage points (95% CI: −34.0, −8.6). Though relatively small in scale, this pilot study suggests that dietitian-directed, DASH-patterned groceries may lower SU among gout patients not on urate-lowering drugs. However, behavior intervention crossover trials without a washout period are likely vulnerable to strong carryover effects. Definitive evaluation of the DASH diet as a treatment for gout will require a controlled feeding trial, ideally with a parallel-design.     

Effects of a Rice Bran Dietary Intervention on the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota of Adults with a High Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Randomised-Controlled Trial

Rice bran exhibits chemopreventive properties that may help to prevent colorectal cancer (CRC), and a short-term rice bran dietary intervention may promote intestinal health via modification of the intestinal microbiota. We conducted a pilot, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial to assess the feasibility of implementing a long-term (24-week) rice bran dietary intervention in Chinese subjects with a high risk of CRC, and to examine its effects on the composition of their intestinal microbiota. Forty subjects were randomised into the intervention group (n = 19) or the control group (n = 20). The intervention participants consumed 30 g of rice bran over 24-h intervals for 24 weeks, whilst the control participants consumed 30 g of rice powder on the same schedule. High rates of retention (97.5%) and compliance (≥91.3%) were observed. No adverse effects were reported. The intervention significantly enhanced the intestinal abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, and tended to increase the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the intestinal abundance of Prevotella_9 and the health-promoting Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteria, but had no effect on bacterial diversity. Overall, a 24-week rice bran dietary intervention was feasible, and may increase intestinal health by inducing health-promoting modification of the intestinal microbiota. Further larger-scale studies involving a longer intervention duration and multiple follow-up outcome assessments are recommended.     

Sex-Dependent Effects of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone on Metabolic Health Are Associated with Alterations in the Host Gut Microbiome

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (DHF) is a naturally occurring flavonoid that has been reported to protect against a variety of pathologies. Chronic administration of DHF prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in female, but not male, mice. However, the mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism have not been elucidated. We have discovered that oral DHF supplementation significantly attenuates fat mass, hepatic lipid accumulation, and adipose tissue inflammation in female mice. In contrast, male mice were not protected from adiposity, and had a paradoxical worsening of hepatic lipid accumulation and adipose tissue inflammation upon DHF supplementation. Consistent with these sexually dimorphic effects on body weight and metabolic health, 7,8-DHF induced early and stable remodeling of the female intestinal microbiome. DHF supplementation significantly increased gut microbial diversity, and suppressed potentially detrimental bacteria, particularly Desulfovibrionaceae, which are pro-inflammatory and positively associated with obesity and inflammation. Changes in the female gut microbiome preceded alterations in body weights, and in silico analyses indicated that these early microbial changes were highly predictive of subsequent weight gain in female mice. While some alterations in the intestinal microbiome were also observed in male DHF-supplemented mice, these changes were distinct from those in females and, importantly, were not predictive of subsequent body weight changes in male animals. The temporality of microbial changes preceding alterations in body weight in female mice suggests a role for the gut microbiome in mediating the sexually dimorphic effects of DHF on body weight. Given the significant clinical interest in this flavonoid across a wide range of pathologies, further elucidation of these sexually dimorphic effects will aid the development of effective clinical therapies.     

Dietary Habit Is Associated with Depression and Intelligence: An Observational and Genome-Wide Environmental Interaction Analysis in the UK Biobank Cohort

Dietary habits have considerable impact on brain development and mental health. Despite long-standing interest in the association of dietary habits with mental health, few population-based studies of dietary habits have assessed depression and fluid intelligence. Our aim is to investigate the association of dietary habits with depression and fluid intelligence. In total, 814 independent loci were utilized to calculate the individual polygenic risk score (PRS) for 143 dietary habit-related traits. The individual genotype data were obtained from the UK Biobank cohort. Regression analyses were then conducted to evaluate the association of dietary habits with depression and fluid intelligence, respectively. PLINK 2.0 was utilized to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) × dietary habit interaction effect on the risks of depression and fluid intelligence. We detected 22 common dietary habit-related traits shared by depression and fluid intelligence, such as red wine glasses per month, and overall alcohol intake. For interaction analysis, we detected that OLFM1 interacted with champagne/white wine in depression, while SYNPO2 interacted with coffee type in fluid intelligence. Our study results provide novel useful information for understanding how eating habits affect the fluid intelligence and depression.     

Association between Reduced Serum Zinc and Diastolic Dysfunction in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Diastolic dysfunction is an emerging challenge among hemodialysis (HD) patients, and the associations between serum zinc with echocardiographic parameters and diastolic function remain uncertain. A total of 185 maintenance HD patients were stratified by the tertiles of serum zinc level to compare their clinical characteristics and echocardiography. Correlations of serum zinc levels with echocardiographic parameters were examined using Pearson’s analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the determinants of E/e’ ratio >15 and left atrial volume index (LAVI) > 34 mL/m², both indicators of diastolic dysfunction. Patients belonging to the first tertile of serum zinc level had a significantly higher E/e’ ratio and LAVI. Serum zinc levels were negatively correlated with E (r = −0.204, p = 0.005), E/e’ ratio (r = −0.217, p = 0.003), and LAVI (r = −0.197, p = 0.007). In a multivariate analysis, older age, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and lower serum zinc levels (OR = 0.974, 95% CI = 0.950–0.999, p = 0.039) were significantly associated with E/e’ ratio >15. Furthermore, diabetes and lower serum zinc levels (OR = 0.978, 95% CI = 0.958–0.999, p = 0.041) were significantly associated with LAVI >34 mL/m². Reduced serum zinc level was significantly associated with diastolic dysfunction among HD patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to investigate whether zinc supplementation can attenuate cardiac dysfunction in maintenance HD patients.