A series of photosensitizers with incremental positive electric charges for photodynamic antitumor therapy

In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) studies have gained considerable attention as a non-invasive method used to fight cancer. In this study, a series of structurally similar photosensitizers (PSs) with incremental positive electric charges (ZnPc-4, 8 and 12) was investigated via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Photodynamic antitumor studies of these PSs, including phototoxicities, cellular uptake, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and the process of apoptosis, were conducted in the murine breast carcinoma cell line 4T1. The results indicated that the amount of positive electric charges in PSs is a key factor in influencing the efficacy of PDT. Furthermore, we established a hepatocellular carcinoma (H22) tumor-bearing mouse model to detect the antitumor activities of three PSs. ZnPc-4, 8 and 12 demonstrated significant antitumor effects and no obvious systemic damages in vivo (PDT effects: ZnPc-4 > ZnPc-8 > ZnPc-12), suggesting that the amount of positive electric charges was important to PSs, as well as the PDT effects. Our study not only indicates that ZnPc-4, 8 and 12 were highly potent anticancer PSs, but also suggests that adjusting the amount of positive electric charges is able to promote the PDT effects in cancer therapy.

In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) studies have gained considerable attention as a non-invasive method used to fight cancer.     

教学PACS系统在临床医学本科教学中的应用研究

目的探讨教学PACS系统在临床医学专业本科实践教学中的应用。方法将基本情况相似的两个班级随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组采用T-PACS系统进行实践教学,对照组采用多媒体投影讲述进行实践教学。最终以两组学生的《医学影像学》期末试卷成绩作为教学效果的客观评价指标,以问卷调查方式的结果作为主观评价指标。将两组指标进行统计学比较。结果试验组学生试卷的总成绩平均分及问卷调查的满意度评分均高于对照组,两组间的比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论教学PACS系统值得在医学院校的《医学影像学》教学中应用。     

皮肤黑色素瘤免疫细胞浸润模式及其与预后的相关性分析

目的:研究皮肤黑色素瘤的免疫细胞浸润模式,以及免疫细胞浸润与患者预后的关系.方法:从癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)数据库下载皮肤黑色素瘤转录本数据及相关临床数据,使用Cibersort软件的反卷积法计算22种免疫细胞的占比,采用R编程语言计算免疫细胞占比与性别的相关性,采用K...     

高原不同海拔暴露对肺通气功能及代偿能力的影响

目的探讨急性暴露不同海拔的平原人群肺通气功能的变化情况以及潜在的机制。方法从急进高原的某部官兵中筛选出100例未出现急性高原病的受试者,对其在平原(300 m)、海拔3 700 m和4 100 m的高原地区分别进行肺通气功能检测、6 min步行试验和采集空腹血,利用ELISA检测血浆低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)和内皮素-1(ET-1)的水平,连续监测法检测血浆血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的活性。对不同海拔高度受试者用力肺活量(FVC)和6 min行走距离进行相关性分析。结果海拔3 700 m和4 200 m时受试者的FVC、6 min行走的距离显著低于在平原时(P0.05),并且在4 200 m时受试者的FVC和6 min行走的距离较在3 700 m也显著降低(P0.05);在4 200 m时受试者的FEV1、6 min步行试验后呼吸频显著高于在平原(300 m)时(P0.05)。受试者在海拔300 m和3 700 m之间以及在海拔300 m和4 200 m之间FVC的改变量和6 min行走距离的该变量呈正相关。海拔3 700 m和4 200 m时受试者的ET-1显著高于在平原(300 m)时(P0.05),并且在4 200 m时受试者的血浆ET-1水平较在3 700 m也显著升高(P0.05);在4 200 m和3 700 m时受试者的HIF-1α水平和ACE活性著高于在平原(300 m)时(P0.05)。结论急性暴露高海拔的环境使肺通气功能下降,并伴随心肺代偿能力的下降,其可能是由于肺间质少量的液体储留所致。     

血清视黄醇结合蛋白4和非酒精性脂肪性肝病的相关性

目的分析非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4（RBP4）水平,探讨血清RBP4与NAFLD发病的相关性。方法分别测定324例NAFLD患者和200名健康对照者血清RBP4、肌酐（Cr）、三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹葡萄糖（Glu）水平,比较各指标在2组中的差异。结果 NAFLD组血清RBP4水平[（58.42±20.74）mg/L]明显高于对照组[（39.1±7.1）mg/L]（P〈0.01）;Logistic回归分析显示血清RBP4是与NAFLD发病相关的独立危险因子（预期比数比为1.138,P〈0.05）,Pearson相关分析提示血清RBP4水平与Cr、TC、TG、LDL-C水平呈正相关（r分别为0.270、0.393、0.175、0.158,P均0.057）,与HDL-C水平呈负相关（r=-0.186,P〈0.05）。结论血清RBP4水平与NAFLD患病相关,并且与Cr、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C具有相关性。     

血清视黄醇结合蛋白对评价早期肾损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨血清视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)对早期肾损伤的诊断价值。方法采用免疫比浊法检测343例肾病患者及200例健康人血清RBP的变化。用酶法检测其血清肌酐(Cr)的变化,并由简化MDRD公式计算出估计的肾小球滤过率(GFR)。结果肾功正常组RBP的结果与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且RBP在四组中的任意两组之间比较都差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而血清Cr在正常健康组、肾功正常组和肾功轻度受损组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 RBP可作为诊断肾病早期损害的敏感性指标,同时检测血清Cr有助于提高其阳性率,但血RBP的敏感性优于血清Cr。     

不同方程估算的肾小球滤过率在人群肾功能评价中的差异比较

目的比较3种肾小球滤过率(GFR)估算方程估算的GFR(eGFR)对人群肾功能评估的结果差异。方法本研究回顾性分析了门诊和住院患者中同时进行血清肌酐和胱抑素C检测者,共65 856例,以3个估算方程分别计算eGFR,并比较整体及不同肾功能分组人群eGFR结果的差异。以3个方程得到的eGFR对个体肾功能重新分期,比较肾功能各分期例数分布的差异。结果与肌酐方程估算eGFR比较,另两个方程估算eGFR的相关系数分别为0.81、0.90(均P0.05)。一致性分析GFR均值差值分别为6.19、1.79mL/(min×1.73m2),差异有统计学意义(P0.01),应用肌酐方程估算eGFR时,明显高估了个体的肾功能分期。结论 3种方程估算GFR有相关性但存在明显差异,在评估不同人群肾功能时应选择合适的估算方程。     

氯硝柳胺在水体及土壤中持效时间及其影响因素的实验研究

目的研究氯硝柳胺在水体及土壤中的持效时间及其影响因素.方法用浸泡杀螺试验和鱼毒试验,观察氯硝柳胺在水体及土壤中持效时间及其影响因素.结果氯硝柳胺在水体中持效时间短,溶液浓度2 mg/L持效时间为3～5 d;持效时间与溶液浓度、环境温度及水中是否含有泥土有关.溶液浓度高,持效时间长,环境温度高及水体中含有泥土持效时间短;阳光照射对水体中的氯硝柳胺持效时间无影响.氯硝柳胺在土壤中持效时间长,60 d内仍保持原有的药效,阳光照射对土壤中的氯硝柳胺持效时间也无影响.结论氯硝柳胺在水体中持效时间短,在土壤中持效时间长.     

Genetic variations in CC chemokine receptors and hypertension

BACKGROUND: CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Homozygosity for a 32-base pair (bp) deletion (Delta32) in the CCR5 gene confers resistance to HIV-1. Previous studies found an increased prevalence of hypertension among CCR5-Delta32 homozygotes and among carriers of a polymorphism (CCR2-64I) found on the gene that codes a closely related chemokine receptor. The present study was carried out to verify these associations. METHODS: Subjects in this cross-sectional study were selected from the Global Repository at Genomics Collaborative, which includes patients and healthy control subjects enrolled at multiple clinical sites in the United States and other nations. The current study includes 2842 subjects with hypertension and 2893 nonhypertensive control subjects from white populations in the United States and Poland. Case and control subjects were frequency matched by age, gender, and birthplace. All subjects were genotyped for CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I polymorphisms by established Taqman assays. RESULTS: The CCR5-Delta32 genotype was not found to be associated with hypertension (CCR5-Delta32 heterozygosity: odds ratio [OR] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87 to 1.14; CCR5-Delta32 homozygosity: OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.67) among these subjects. There was also no association between CCR2-64I genotype and hypertension (CCR2-64I heterozygosity: OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.10; CCR2-64I homozygosity: OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.92). These results changed little after adjustment for potential confounding variables. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study, which is much larger than previously published studies, provide no evidence that either CCR5-Delta32 or CCR2-64I is associated with hypertension.     

垂体后叶素和酚妥拉明联合治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效：与施他宁对比研究

目的 :观察垂体后叶素联合酚妥拉明治疗肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的临床疗效和门脉系统血液动力学的变化 ,并与施他宁比较。方法 :72例随机分成两组 :A组 37例 ,给予垂体后叶素 12U +生理盐水 4 0ml静注 ,后以 6 0U +酚妥拉明 10mg + 10 %葡萄糖 5 0 0ml维持 12h静滴 ,连续给药 3d。B组 35例 ,首次给予施他宁 0 .2 5mg静注 ,后持续静滴 0 .2 5mg/h ,连续用药 3天。治疗前后于空腹静息状态下彩色多普勒超声探查门脉系统。结果 :A、B两组总止血率分别为 75 .6 8%和 82 .86 % ,无显著性差异 ,P >0 .0 5。两组在治疗后门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉内径与治疗前相比明显缩小 ,P <0 .0 0 1;而门静脉和脾静脉血流速度显著增加 ,P <0 .0 0 1;肠系膜上静脉血流速度治疗前后无明显变化 ,P >0 .0 5 ;治疗后门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉血流量与治疗前相比显著减少 ,P <0 .0 0 1。结论 :垂体后叶素联合酚妥拉明治疗肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的临床疗效与施他宁基本相似 ,都具有减少门脉血流量 ,降低门脉压力的作用。垂体后叶素联合酚妥拉明是治疗肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的首选方法。