不同方程估算的肾小球滤过率在人群肾功能评价中的差异比较

目的比较3种肾小球滤过率(GFR)估算方程估算的GFR(eGFR)对人群肾功能评估的结果差异。方法本研究回顾性分析了门诊和住院患者中同时进行血清肌酐和胱抑素C检测者,共65 856例,以3个估算方程分别计算eGFR,并比较整体及不同肾功能分组人群eGFR结果的差异。以3个方程得到的eGFR对个体肾功能重新分期,比较肾功能各分期例数分布的差异。结果与肌酐方程估算eGFR比较,另两个方程估算eGFR的相关系数分别为0.81、0.90(均P0.05)。一致性分析GFR均值差值分别为6.19、1.79mL/(min×1.73m2),差异有统计学意义(P0.01),应用肌酐方程估算eGFR时,明显高估了个体的肾功能分期。结论 3种方程估算GFR有相关性但存在明显差异,在评估不同人群肾功能时应选择合适的估算方程。     

人工股骨头置换与DHs内固定对高龄股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折的治疗

目的比较人工股骨头置换术与DHS内固定术治疗高龄患者粉碎性股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法2006年8月-2007年8月解放军第一七五医院骨科收治高龄股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折患者120例。按Evans分型,Ⅲ型58例,Ⅳ型62例。所有病例采用完全随机法分为人工股骨头置换组与DHS内固定组各60例。结果所有病例平均随访时间1.5年。DHS内固定组有6例手术失败,重新用人工股骨头置换术治疗,其余均一期治愈;5例发生肺部感染的并发症。人工股骨头置换术患者术后仅有2例并发肺部感染,骨折均一期治愈。两组患者术后平均开始负重时间、住院天数、治愈率、术后并发症具有统计学差异（P〈0.05或0.001）。结论人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆问粉碎性骨折患者的疗效优于DHS。     

Biliary tract cancer and stones in relation to chronic liver conditions: A population-based study in Shanghai, China

Biliary tract cancers are relatively rare but fatal tumors. Apart from a close link with gallstones and cholangitis, risk factors for biliary tract cancer are obscure. Chronic liver conditions, including liver cirrhosis, have been linked to a higher risk of biliary tract cancer. In a population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China, we investigated the relationships of a history of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis as well as a family history of liver cancer with biliary tract cancer risk. The study included 627 patients with biliary tract cancers (368 gallbladder, 191 bile duct and 68 ampulla of Vater), 1,037 patients with biliary stones (774 gallbladder stones and 263 bile duct stones) and 959 healthy subjects randomly selected from the population. Bile duct cancer was associated with self-reports of chronic liver conditions, including a history of chronic hepatitis (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 0.9-4.4), liver cirrhosis (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.9-11.7) and a family history of primary liver cancer (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.9). The excess risk persisted after adjustment for gallstones and were more pronounced among subjects without gallstones (OR = 5.0, 95% CI 1.3-20.0 and OR = 4.9, 95% 2.0-12.2, respectively). History of liver conditions was also associated with an excess of biliary stones (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.0). No association was found for cancers of the gallbladder and ampulla of Vater. A history of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis may be risk factors for extraheptic bile duct cancer. Given that chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common cause of liver disease in China, serologic markers of HBV need to be measured in future studies to examine the link between HBV and bile duct cancer.     

Chronic hepatitis B and other correlates of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus among HIV-infected people with hemophilia

OBJECTIVE: To identify correlates of spontaneous hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. DESIGN: Baseline (2001-2004) analysis of a cohort study of people with hemophilia. METHODS: Detailed questionnaire data were used to identify dates of primary HCV and HIV infections and to categorize sex; race; alcohol use; interferon treatment; hepatitis B virus (HBV) status; and HIV/AIDS history, treatment and current status. Spontaneous HCV clearance was defined as nondetection of HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction assay in paired annual plasma, excluding those treated with interferon. Chi-squared, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression were used to identify correlates of clearance. RESULTS: Among 478 HIV-infected participants, 61 (12.8%) had cleared HCV. Among the 31 participants with chronic HBV (as well as HIV), 16 (51.6%) had cleared HCV. With chronic HBV, HCV clearance was increased 11.2-fold (95% confidence interval, 5.1-24.8), after adjusting for sex, race, and hemophilia severity. Excluding the participants with chronic HBV, the prevalence of HCV clearance was 10.1%; and it was significantly reduced among males (9.7%, P = 0.05), blacks (1.6%, P = 0.01), and participants with severe hemophilia (8.2%, P = 0.02). HCV clearance was not associated with HIV RNA detection in plasma, CD4 cell count, anti-HIV therapy, AIDS history, ages at or years of HIV or HCV infection, or alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: HCV clearance is unambiguously and markedly increased with chronic HBV infection among HIV co-infected people.     

MRI影像组学及临床特征联合模型预测高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤效果

目的 观察基于MRI影像组学及临床特征建立的联合模型预测高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗子宫肌瘤效果的效能。方法 回顾性分析257例接受HIFU治疗的单发子宫肌瘤患者,基于治疗前盆腔轴位T2WI、T1WI、T1对比增强(T1C)及表观弥散系数(ADC)图提取病灶影像组学特征。分别以XGBoost特征选择算法及XGBoost分类器建立预测HIFU即刻消融率和随访肌瘤体积缩小率的影像组学联合临床特征模型A和B。按8∶2比例将数据集分为训练集(n=202)和测试集(n=52),采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和混淆矩阵评估模型的预测效能。结果 经XGBoost算法选择后纳入10个影像组学特征,包括4个T1WI、2个T2WI、1个T1C及3个ADC图影像组学特征,结合肌瘤背侧距骶骨距离和T2WI信号强度构建模型A;纳入10个影像组学特征,含4个T1WI、3个TIC及3个ADC图影像组学特征,结合肌瘤T2WI信号强度构建模型B。ROC曲线结果显示,模型A预测训练集和测试集HIFU治疗肌瘤即刻消融率的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.94[95%CI(0.90,0.96)]和0.90[95%CI(0.81,0.97)],模型B预测训练集和测试集肌瘤体积缩小率的AUC分别为0.98[95%CI(0.97,0.99)]、0.91[95%CI(0.81,0.98)]。结论 MRI影像组学联合临床特征模型可有效预测HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤近期及远期效果。     

两种方法研究新型光敏剂五聚赖氨酸-2-羰基酞菁锌与牛血清白蛋白相互作用

目的研究新型光敏剂五聚赖氨酸-2-羰基酞菁锌（ZnPc-（Lys）5）与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）之间的相互作用。方法从BSA角度采用荧光光谱法和紫外可见光谱法通过荧光猝灭实验探讨ZnPc-（Lys）5与BSA相互作用的猝灭机制、结合常数及结合位点;从ZnPc-（Lys）5角度采用胶束荧光增敏法测定ZnPc-（Lys）5浓度通过Scatchard方程计算ZnPc-（Lys）5与BSA相互作用的结合常数和结合位点数。结果荧光猝灭实验结果表明ZnPc-（Lys）5对BSA的荧光有强烈的猝灭作用,猝灭机制主要是静态猝灭形成基态配合物。不同温度（298,303,308,313,318 K）的结合常数K1分别为12.1×104L/mol,7.69×104L/mol,6.12×104L/mol,4.57×104L/mol,3.76×104L/mol,结合位点数分别为0.93,1.02,1.07,1.13,1.17。Scatchard方程计算出298 K结合常数K2为1.557×105L/mol,结合位点数位1.07。结论从两个方面计算的结合常数和结合位点数基本一致,ZnPc-（Lys）5与血清白蛋白之间主要通过形成基态配合物的方式相互作用,进入血清白蛋白中1个结合位点。     

铝镁加联合兰索拉唑防治重型颅脑损伤应激性溃疡的临床疗效观察

目的研究铝镁加联合兰索拉唑在重型颅脑损伤并发应激性溃疡中的预防和治疗效果及相关的发病机理．为提高患者的治愈率提供依据。方法选择我院2009年5月～2012年8月入院接受治疗的90例重型颅脑损伤的患者作为研究对象,按照随机分组原则将所有患者分为铝镁加联合兰索拉唑组（治疗组）45例与兰索拉唑组（对照组）45例,人院后两组均积极接受颅脑外伤对症处理包括开颅手术,脱水,激素,冬眠低温等治疗,并每日给予兰索拉唑静脉滴注,治疗组在上述基础上给予预防性应用铝镁加混悬液,由胃管注入,每日3次。两组均治疗1个疗程即4周后,比较两组患者治疗前后神经损害严重程度（NNS）评分、格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）评分以及应激性溃疡发生率。结果两组治疗前NNS、GCS评分结果差异无统计学意义,治疗1个疗程后,治疗组的NNS、GCS水平明显高于对照组,且治疗组的应激性溃疡发生率明显低于对照组,组间差异明显（P〈0．05）。结论对于重型颅脑损伤患者使用铝镁加联合兰索拉唑,对损伤后应激性溃疡具有较强的预防性作用,同时对颅脑损伤患者短期内行为学评价及神经功能评价具有明显改善,值得临床进一步推广使用。     

姜黄素联合奥沙利铂对人胃癌细胞生长及其X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白表达的影响

目的：观察姜黄素与奥沙利铂对人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901生长的影响,并探讨其与X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白（XIAP）的关系。方法：细胞生长抑制试验（MTT）法测定不同浓度的姜黄素与奥沙利铂对SGC-7901细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;Hoechst33258染色观察细胞凋亡形态学改变;荧光定量RT-PCR检测XIAP mRNA的表达;分光光度法检测Caspase-3的活性。结果：姜黄素和奥沙利铂均能抑制SGC-7901细胞的增殖,呈现浓度依赖性,联合作用组的抑制率显著高于姜黄素组和奥沙利铂组（均P〈0.01）;两药均能诱导胃癌SGC-7901凋亡,联合作用组的细胞凋亡率显著高于姜黄素组和奥沙利铂组（均P〈0.01）;两药均能抑制XIAP mRNA的表达,联合作用组中XIAP mRNA的表达显著低于姜黄素组和奥沙利铂组（均P〈0.01）;两药均能提高Caspase-3的活性,联合作用组中Caspase-3的活性显著高于姜黄素组和奥沙利铂组（均P〈0.01）。结论：姜黄素和奥沙利铂均能抑制SGC-7901细胞的增殖、诱导凋亡,两者联合作用效果更加显著,这可能与两者均能抑制XIAP表达、提高Caspase-3的活性有关。