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91.
Recent studies indicate that not only the anthelminthic levamisole but also the racemate tetramisole (R‐/S‐phenyltetraimidazothiazole, PTHIT) was found as an adulterant for cocaine. We herein report on the investigation of the prevalence of PTHIT among cocaine‐positive hair samples and the discrimination of the presence of its stereoisomers levamisole and dexamisole. Cocaine‐positive hair samples were collected in a forensic context in 2015 and mainly 2017 (n = 724). Cocaine and PTHIT concentrations have been determined by achiral liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). For distinction of levamisole/dexamisole chiral LC–MS/MS was performed. Cocaine hair concentrations ranged from 500 (cut‐off) to approximately 800 000 pg/mg. The study demonstrates a strong prevalence of PTHIT in cocaine users' hair (87%, n = 627). PTHIT hair concentrations ranged from below LLOQ 3.5 to approximately 61 000 pg/mg (median: 260 pg/mg). Surprisingly, enantiomeric ratios of levamisole/dexamisole ranged from 0.17 to 1.34 (median: 0.63). Therefore, PTHIT‐adulterated street cocaine samples (n = 24) seized between 2013 and 2016 were tested. Samples mainly contained racemic tetramisole (87.5%), only one sample contained levamisole only and two samples contained non‐racemic PTHIT. Our experiments suggest that the presence of tetramisole in biological samples may have hitherto been underestimated. Most probably higher dexamisole than levamisole concentrations in hair specimens arise from stereoselective metabolism and/or elimination. This is particularly important in light of the different pharmacological activities of the two enantiomers and potentially different adverse effects. Toxicological interpretations in intoxication cases with adulterated cocaine should not only consider levamisole but also tetramisole and terminology in scientific contributions should be used accordingly. 相似文献
92.
Paul Swoboda Hans-Peter Fuehrer Benedikt Ley Peter Starzengruber Kamala Ley-Thriemer Mariella Jung Julia Matt Markus A. Fally Milena K. S. Mueller Johannes A. B. Reismann Rashidul Haque Wasif A. Khan Harald Noedl 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》2014,90(2):377-382
In malaria-endemic regions any febrile case is likely to be classified as malaria based on presumptive diagnosis largely caused by a lack of diagnostic resources. A district-wide prevalence study assessing etiologies of fever in 659 patients recruited in rural and semi-urban areas of Bandarban district in southeastern Bangladesh revealed high proportions of seropositivity for selected infectious diseases (leptospirosis, typhoid fever) potentially being misdiagnosed as malaria because of similarities in the clinical presentation. In an area with point prevalences of more than 40% for malaria among fever cases, even higher seroprevalence rates of leptospirosis and typhoid fever provide evidence of a major persistent reservoir of these pathogens. 相似文献
93.
Sabrina Lindemberg Sergio Chermont M?nica Quint?o Milena Derossi Sergio Guilhon Sabrina Bernardez Luana Marchese Wolney Martins Ant?nio Claudio L. Nóbrega Evandro Tinoco Mesquita 《Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia》2014,102(3):279-287
Background
Heart rate recovery at one minute of rest (HRR1) is a predictor of mortality in heart failure (HF), but its prognosis has not been assessed at six-minute walk test (6MWT) in these patients.Objective
This study aimed to determine the HRR1 at 6MWT in patients with HF and its correlation with six-minute walk distance (6MWD).Methods
Cross-sectional, controlled protocol with 161 individuals, 126 patients with stable systolic HF, allocated into 2 groups (G1 and G2) receiving or not β-blocker and 35 volunteers in control group (G3) had HRR1 recorded at the 6MWT.Results
HRR1 and 6MWD were significantly different in the 3 groups. Mean values of HRR1 and 6MWD were: HRR1 = 12 ± 14 beat/min G1; 18 ± 16 beat/min G2 and 21 ± 13 beat/min G3; 6MWD = 423 ± 102 m G1; 396 ± 101m G2 and 484 ± 96 m G3 (p < 0.05). Results showed a correlation between HRR1 and 6MWD in G1(r = 0.3; p = 0.04) and in G3(r = 0.4; p= 0.03), but not in G2 (r= 0.12; p= 0.48).Conclusion
HRR1 response was attenuated in patients using βB and showed correlation with 6MWD, reflecting better exercise tolerance. HRR1 after 6MWT seems to represent an alternative when treadmill tests could not be tolerated. 相似文献94.
Igor Bastos Polonio Milena Marques Pagliareli Acencio Rogério Pazetti Francine Maria de Almeida Bárbara Soares da Silva Karina Aparecida Bonifácio Pereira Rogério Souza 《Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia》2014,40(4):421-424
We assessed the effects of lodenafil on hemodynamics and inflammation in the rat
model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Thirty male
Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control; monocrotaline
(experimental model); and lodenafil (experimental model followed by lodenafil
treatment, p.o., 5 mg/kg daily for 28 days) Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was
obtained by right heart catheterization. We investigated right ventricular
hypertrophy (RVH) and IL-1 levels in lung fragments. The number of cases of RVH was
significantly higher in the monocrotaline group than in the lodenafil and control
groups, as were mPAP and IL-1 levels. We conclude that lodenafil can prevent
monocrotaline-induced PH, RVH, and inflammation. 相似文献
95.
96.
African clawed frogs of the Xenopodinae (Xenopus+Silurana) constitute a well-defined system in which to study the evolutionary trajectory of duplicated genes and are a source of antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential. Allopolyploidization events within the Xenopodinae have given rise to tetraploid, octoploid, and dodecaploid species. The primary structures and distributions of host-defense peptides from the tetraploid frogs Xenopus borealis, Xenopus clivii, Xenopus laevis, Xenopus muelleri, "X. muelleri West", and Xenopus petersii may be compared with those from the octoploid frogs Xenopus amieti and X. andrei. Similarly, components in skin secretions from the diploid frog Silurana tropicalis may be compared with those from the tetraploid frog Silurana paratropicalis. All Xenopus antimicrobial peptides may be classified in the magainin, peptide glycine-leucine-amide (PGLa), caerulein-precursor fragment (CPF), and xenopsin-precursor fragment (XPF) families. However, the numbers of paralogs from the octoploid frogs were not significantly greater than the corresponding numbers from the tetraploid frogs. Magainins were not identified in skin secretions of Silurana frogs and the multiplicity of the PGLa, CPF, and XPF peptides from S. paratropicalis was not greater than that of S. tropicalis. The data indicate, therefore, that nonfunctionalization (gene silencing) has been the most common fate of antimicrobial peptide genes following polyploidization. While some duplicated gene products retain high antimicrobial potency (subfunctionalization), the very low activity of others suggests that they may be evolving towards a new biological role (neofunctionalization). CPF-AM1 and PGLa-AM1 from X. amieti show potential for development into anti-infective agents for use against antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria. 相似文献
97.
98.
p63-microRNA feedback in keratinocyte senescence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rivetti di Val Cervo P Lena AM Nicoloso M Rossi S Mancini M Zhou H Saintigny G Dellambra E Odorisio T Mahé C Calin GA Candi E Melino G 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2012,109(4):1133-1138
We investigated the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with replicative senescence in human primary keratinocytes. A cohort of miRNAs up-regulated in senescence was identified by genome-wide miRNA profiling, and their change in expression was validated in proliferative versus senescent cells. Among these, miRNA (miR)-138, -181a, -181b, and -130b expression increased with serial passages. miR-138, -181a, and -181b, but not miR-130b, overexpression in proliferating cells was sufficient per se to induce senescence, as evaluated by inhibition of BrdU incorporation and quantification of senescence-activated β-galactosidase staining. We identified Sirt1 as a direct target of miR-138, -181a, and -181b, whereas ΔNp63 expression was inhibited by miR-130b. We also found that ΔNp63α inhibits miR-138, -181a, -181b, and -130b expression by binding directly to p63-responsive elements located in close proximity to the genomic loci of these miRNAs in primary keratinocytes. These findings suggest that changes in miRNA expression, by modulating the levels of regulatory proteins such as p63 and Sirt1, strongly contribute to induction of senescence in primary human keratinocytes, thus linking these two proteins. Our data also indicate that suppression of miR-138, -181a, -181b, and -130b expression is part of a growth-promoting strategy of ΔNp63α in epidermal proliferating cells. 相似文献
99.
100.