脑膜瘤瘤周水肿多层螺旋CT灌注研究

目的 利用16层螺旋CT灌注成像技术研究脑膜瘤瘤周水肿区灌注特点.方法 对19例脑膜瘤伴瘤周水肿形成病例行瘤周水肿区同层序列动态增强扫描.利用灌注软件分别计算瘤周水肿区及对侧正常脑白质局部脑血流量(rCBF)、局部脑血容量(rCBV)和对比剂平均通过时间(MTT).采用t检验对瘤周水肿区和对侧正常脑白质各灌注参数值进行统计学分析.结果 瘤周水肿区的rCBF与rCBF较对侧脑白质明显降低(P＜0.05),但MTT值在两部位间差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 瘤周水肿区的rCBF值和rCBF值明显降低,水肿本身对微血管的压迫可能是主要因素.     

体感诱发电位和改良脑出血量表在脑出血患者肢体运动功能预测中的应用

Objective To evaluate the extremity function of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)using short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and a modified intracerebral hemorrhage (MICH) scale.Methods On admission, SEP was applied in the examination of 61 patients with ICH. P40 latency and the amplitude of posterior tibial nerve potentials in both the healthy and affected extremities were measured. Abnormalities were classified based on the margin of lower extremity SEP latency and the main waveform changes. MICH was measured simultaneously to prepare a prognosis. The modified Rankin scale (MRS) score was assessed 3 months after the attack as well.Results Compared with the healthy side, there were significant differences in posterior tibial nerve P40 latency and amplitude on the affected side among patients with ICH. P40 latency and MRS scores on the affected side 3 months after the attack were positively correlated. On the unaffected side, P40 amplitude and the MRS score 3 months after the attack were negatively correlated. The MICH score on admission and the MRS score 3 months after the attack were positively correlated. Based on MRS scores (MRS≥4 indicating a poor prognosis), the predictive sensitivities for a poor prognosis of SEP and the MICH scale in patients with ICH were 80.77% and 84.61% respectively, while the specificities were 62.68% and 88.57% respectively, and the accordance rates were 70.5% and 86.9% respectively. Conclusions SEP and the MICH scale are closely correlated with the prognosis for extremity function in patients with ICH.The combination of SEP with the MICH scale might be helpful in predicting the prognosis of the patients with ICH.     

克拉霉素治疗鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎的临床观察

目的:观察大环内酯类药物克拉霉素治疗鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎的临床效果。方法:对鼻咽癌放疗1年后并发鼻窦炎的24例患者,口服小剂量克拉霉素,250mg/d,疗程12～20周;根据慢性鼻窦炎视觉模拟量表(VAS)、Lund-Mackay鼻窦CT影像评分系统,通过治疗前后比较,对治疗效果进行综合评估。结果:治疗前与治疗后及停药6个月后相比,VAS评分和CT影像评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗后与停药6个月后相比,两种评分结果差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。疗效评价为非常好9例,好11例,不好4例。结论:小剂量克拉霉素长期治疗鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎有比较明显的临床效果,是鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎较好的治疗方法。     

变应性鼻炎患者生存质量及个性特征分析

目的:探讨变应性鼻炎患者的生活质量及个性特征情况。方法:对变应性鼻炎患者进行生活质量、艾森克人格测验、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表调查,并对影响因素进行多元逐步回归分析。结果:与正常人比较,变应性鼻炎患者生活质量受到一定影响,在生理职能、总体健康、情感职能维度下降最为明显;个性特征无明显差别;有焦虑倾向,无明显抑郁情绪。结论:应重视变应性鼻炎患者生活质量及个性特征变化,在新的医学模式下,进一步改善疾病的治疗方法。     

我国八个大中城市院前急救流行病学调查分析

Objective To investigate the epidemiological information of patients in pre-hospital medical care for our large and medium-sized cities and probe the patients' characteristic. Method The data in 2008 were exported from the computer databases of 8 large and medium-sized cities' emergency medical centers in our country.The thorough records of data were conducted to statistical analysis. Results ( 1 ) The scheduling time, running time, rescue time, returning time, total time and service radius in the pre-hospital medical care group were 2.16± 1.10(min), 14.01 ±6.82(min), 12.12±5.96(min), 14.08± 6.85(min), 42.34± 20.21(min)and 8.50±4.18(km), and the above parameter in the non-death group were 2.19 ± 1.13(min), 14.15 ± 7.14(min),11.60±6.72(min), 14.92 ±6.89(min), 41.86± 19.53(minutes) and 8.63±4.31(Km), and the above parameter in the death group were 2.10± 1.08(min), 13.68 ± 7.14(min), 25.25 ± 12.34(min), 13.75±6.48(min), 54.74 ± 25.47(min) and 7.86± 3.91(Km), and the above parameter in the non-sudden cardiac death group were2.09± 1.03(min), 13.58±6.78(min), 25.53± 12.34(min), 13.60± 6.54(min), 53.79±23.77(min) and 7.67 ± 3.86(Km), and the above parameter in the sudden cardiac death group were 2.12 ±1.02(min), 14.10±7.05(min), 24.79± 12.08(min), 13.79±6.61(min), 54. 80 ± 25. 36( min) and 7.90±3.92(Km) respectively. The scheduling time, running time, returning time and service radius in the death group were less than those of the non-death group, but the rescue time and total time of the former were more than those of the latter respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0. 001 ). The scheduling time and returning time didn' t have significant difference between the sudden cardiac death group and the non-sudden cardiac death group respectively ( P ＞ 0.05), but the running time, total time and service radius of the sudden cardiac death group were more than those of the non-sudden cardiac death group, and the rescue time of the former was less than that of the latter respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.001 ). (2)The patients' amount in pre-hospital medical care group, the non-death group, the death group, the non-sudden cardiac death group and the sudden cardiac death group were at most in first quarter, and the least time slice of patients' amount were 4:00～ 6:00, 4:00～6:00, 4:00～ 6:00, 22:00～ 24:00, 2:00～4:00 respectively, and the most time slice of patients' amount were 20:00～ 22:00, 20:00～22:00, 8:00～ 10:00, 2:00 ～ 4:00, 8:00 ～ 10:00 respectively. (3)In 241 876 cases of pre-hospital medical care group, the patients' amount of trauma was at most, whose age grades was by far among21 ～50, and the others in sequence were nervous system, circulatory system, other group, digestive system, respiratory system and poisoning group respectively, whose age grades in nervous system, circulatory system and respiratory system was by far above 51, especially above 70. The patients' age grades in other group and digestive system had two climax age groups, which the one was 21 ～ 30, and the other was above 70. The patients' age grades in poisoning group was by far among 21 ～ 50, which the patients' amount of acute alcoholism was at the most. (4) In 12 568 cases of death group, the death amount of circulatory system, other group, respiratory system, nervous system and digestive system ranked at the lst,2nd,4th,5th 8th respectively, whose age grades was by far above 51, especially above 70,and the patients' amount of sudden cardiac death was at the most in the death amount of circulatory system. The death amount of trauma and poisoning group ranked at the 3rd, 6th respectively, whose age grades was by far among 21 ～ 50. (5)The total amount, the death amount and the sudden cardiac death amount of male patients were more than those of female patients. (6)The percentage of the death group to the pre-hospital medical care group was 5.20%, and the percentage of the sudden cardiac death group to the pre-hospital medical care group was 1.29%,and the percentage of the sudden cardiac death group to the death group was 24.87 %, and the percentage of the sudden cardiac death group to the circulatory system group was 67.33 %. Conclusions ( 1 )The trauma and the sudden cardiac death are the overriding reason of disease and the overriding reason of death in our large and medium-sized cities respectively. (2) It is very important to cut the death rate of the middle-old age patients by strengthening prevention and cure of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, discerning the critical illness early and improving the level of pre-hospital medical care. (3)It is a strong method to decrease the total amount and the death amount of the trauma, especially in traffic accident, by strengthening safety in production, observing traffic regulation and enhancing the legal awareness.     

肝硬化门脉高压症脾切除联合胆囊切除术18例临床分析

目的:总结肝硬化门静脉高压症并胆囊结石的治疗经验.方法:回顾性分析1990年6月至2009年6月收治的肝硬化门脉高压症并胆囊结石行手术治疗18例的临床资料.结果:在行脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术同时行胆囊切除术12例、胆囊大部切除术6例,均痊愈出院.结论:肝硬化门脉高压症脾切除一期行胆囊切除术具有可行性,主要危险在于术中难以控制的大出血和术后肝功能衰竭;胆囊大部切除术既缓解症状,又减少手术风险,可作为此类患者的选择手术方式.     

妊娠期急性阑尾炎32例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠期急性阑尾炎的诊断及治疗方案.方法:回顾性分析我院2000年3月至2010年3月收治的妊娠期急性阑尾炎32例的临床资料.结果:手术治疗30例,保守治疗2例;术后病理检查:单纯性阑尾炎8例,化脓性阑尾炎18例,坏疽及穿孔性阑尾炎4例;切口感染5例.结论:妊娠期急性阑尾炎明确诊断后,应尽早手术治疗.     

门诊药学人员心理压力源分析与减压策略

目的 分析门诊药学人员心理压力源产生的主要原因,探讨减压策略.方法 采用随机抽样方法选取成都市4所三甲医院门诊药学人员(下称研究组)及住院部药学人员(下称对照组)各50名进行问卷调查,并将两组工作性质和工作强度、继续教育和职业需求、人际关系、家庭、社会等方面进行比较,针对门诊药学人员存在较高的心理压力,实施相应的减压措施.结果 两组除家庭方面比较无统计学意义外,工作性质和工作强度、继续教育和职业需求、人际关系、社会等方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 门诊药学人员在工作性质和工作强度、继续教育和职业需求、人际关系、社会四个方面的心理压力较大.实施相应的减压策略,对提高药物配方质量、药物咨询质量和患者满意度具有重要的意义.     

后腹腔镜下囊内法肾囊肿去顶术

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术治疗单纯性肾囊肿的手术方法:,提高治疗效果.方法:应用自行设计的囊內法对103例(115侧)单纯性肾囊肿病例行后腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶术,囊肿直径4.6～16.7cm,多发囊肿38例.结果:103例(115侧)手术均成功完成.手术时间20～55min,平均(35.4±9.3)min;术中出血5～65mL,平均(15.3±5.9)mL;无腹膜及其他器官损伤.住院时间4～8 d,平均5.6d,94例均获随访,3～28个月,平均11.5个月,症状均解除,未见复发及其他严重并发症.结论:后腹腔镜下肾囊肿囊內法去顶术治疗肾囊肿安全、效果好,特别是治疗较大肾囊肿,较常规后腹腔镜手术,可明显减少术中出血、手术时间,术中意外损伤、术后并发症及复发较少.     

皮层脑电图监测与原发性难治性癫痫手术预后相关性分析

目的:探讨皮层脑电图(electrocortieography,EcoG)监测指导原发性难治性癫痫手术术式的价值.方法:114例原发性难治性癫痫患者在经过详细的术前评估后,进行了手术治疗.术中先行EcoG描记确定异常放电(interictal epilepiform discharge,IED)区域,切除癫痫病灶和(或)海马、杏仁核后再行EcoG描记,监测lED是否消失,若IED仍存在,则进一步切除颞极或加胼胝体切开术和中央前后回软膜下横切术,直至EcoG监测异常放电消失或明显减少.手术切除组织行病理检查.术后定期复查随访.结果:病理证实所有患者均符合原发性癫痫改变.术后随访6～48个月.根据ILAE疗效分级标准进行疗效评价.1级者52例,2级者21例,3级者17例,4级者16例,5级者3例,6级者5例,总有效率达到93.0%.结论:术中应用EcoG监测能有效地指导原发性难治性癫痫的手术.