输尿管梗阻致肾包膜下积液8例报告

目的:探讨输尿管梗阻致肾包膜下积液的原因与处理办法。方法:报告8例此种患者的临床资料。8例患者均经影像学检查确诊;输尿管结石所致者5例,外来肿瘤压迫输尿管、良性疾病手术后输尿管受压和放疗所致输尿管梗阻者各1例。针对梗阻原因分别行输尿管逆行插管、碎石、手术探查及肾包膜下穿剌等治疗。结果:8例患者输尿管梗阻解除后肾包被膜下积液均消失,肾功能恢复正常。结论:肾包膜下积液大多由泌尿系结石致梗阻而引起,也可由输尿管附近病变压迫输尿管致管腔梗阻所致。影像学检查对本病的诊断具有重要作用,解除梗阻后肾功能常恢复良好。     

颅内蛛网膜囊肿的手术治疗（附19例报告）

本文报告１９例颅内蛛网膜囊肿，对其手术适应证、手术方法选择和手术注意事项进行了讨论。作者认为：凡有颅内高压的囊肿，充分建立囊腔与周围脑池或腹腔之间的交通是手术成功的关键。     

喉癌术后患者认知及情感需求的调查分析及对策

目的了解喉癌术后患者认知及情感需求,为临床开展健康教育提供依据。方法采用自行设计的认知及情感需求调查表,对35例喉癌术后患者在出院前进行调查,了解患者术后的认知及出院后的情感需求。结果 "介绍手术后的生理变化"、"介绍怎样处理进食,避免误咽"、"讲解气管套管突然滑脱时怎么办"、"讲解呼吸方式"是患者术后最需要了解的认知需求,分别占91.43%、85.71%、100.00%及94.29%;"希望与医护人员交谈"是患者出院后最需要的情感需求,占42.86%;对于是否"需要专业人员心理疏导",77.14%的患者选择了不确定。结论护理人员应该根据喉癌患者术后的认知需求及出院后的情感需求实施健康教育,以满足其认知及情感需求,有利于预防远期并发症,从而提高喉癌患者术后的生活质量。     

新生儿肺出血29例临床分析

目的探讨新生儿肺出血的病因、早期诊断和提高治愈率的方法。方法对29例肺出血新生儿进行以机械通气为主的综合治疗,并回顾性分析其临床资料了解发病的高危因素、早期诊断及治疗效果。结果治愈16例(55.17%),死亡6例(20.69%),放弃7例(24.14%)。结论根据持续低氧血症、呼吸改变、肺部湿啰音、气管插管吸出血性液可早期诊断肺出血,尽早气管插管清理气道,进行机械通气是减少死亡、提高存活率的最主要措施。     

白前与白薇的部分药理作用比较研究

芫花叶白前水提物和柳叶白前醇提物灌胃给药均有明显的镇咳、祛痰作用，两种白前水提物腹腔注射给药均有明显的平喘和抗炎作用。直立白薇水提物有一定的祛痰作用，但无镇咳和平喘作用；而蔓生白薇水提物有一定的平喘作用，但无镇咳和祛痰作用；两种白薇的醇提物均无镇咳和祛痰作用。结果表明两种白薇均不能当作白前入药。     

高聚生联合顺铂心包腔内灌注治疗肺癌致心包液的临床观察

Objective： To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of injecting highly agglutinative staphylococcin （HASL） and cisplatin into pericardial cavity of lung cancer patients with pericardial effusion. Methods： 81 patients were randomized into two groups： 45 in the experimental group （HASL and Cisplatin） and 36 in the control group （Cisplatin）. At first pericardial effusion was drained out from a intrapericardial catheter and then different drugs were infused, respectively. 24 h after perfusion the draining continued again until drainage quantity was less than 30 mL every day. The draining lasted 10-15 days. Results： The response rate was 91.1% for the experimental group and 80.6% for the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups （P〉0.05）. The complete remission was 77.8% for the experimental group and 52.8% for the control group, which was statistically significant difference （P〈0.05）. The adverse effects were myelosuppression and nausea and vomiting, which were 35.6% and 40.0% in the experimental group and 72.2% and 66.7% in the control group, respectively （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. Conclusion： inject- ing HASL and cisplatin into pericardial cavity may be a better way to control pericardial effusion of lung cancer.     

Characterization of a murine model of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury

Endotoxin-induced microvascular lung injury in mice is a commonly used experimental model of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The present paper aimed to characterize this popular model in a comprehensive and systematic fashion. Male C57bl/6 mice (n = 5) were administered an LD55 dose of E. coli endotoxin (15 mg/kg, i.p.), and lungs were harvested at several time points and evaluated for injury as well as for expression of a variety of inflammatory mediators. Endotoxin induced many features characteristic of acute microvascular lung injury. These included early (1-2 h) expression of inflammatory mediators (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, interferon-alpha, interferon gamma, and MCP-1) and leukocyte accumulation in lung tissue (lung myeloperoxidase activity 18.5 +/- 7.8 U/g tissue, P < 0.05), followed by pulmonary edema (lung water content index 17.4% +/- 2.5%, P < 0.05) and mortality. Histopathological evaluation of lung tissue was compatible with these findings. The characterization of this murine model of endotoxin-induced microvascular injury will facilitate its utilization in ARDS research.     

健康教育专人化管理的实施与评价

目的探讨健康教育专人化管理在临床的实施方法和效果。方法从全院15个病区中配对抽取6个病区分成实验组和对照组各3个病区。对照组常规健康教育,实验组安排专人负责健康教育。结果实验组患者健康教育满意度显著高于对照组(P0.01)。结论健康教育专人化管理对患者健康教育满意度的提高有着积极作用。