全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7177篇 |
免费 | 385篇 |
国内免费 | 29篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 47篇 |
儿科学 | 242篇 |
妇产科学 | 103篇 |
基础医学 | 915篇 |
口腔科学 | 125篇 |
临床医学 | 638篇 |
内科学 | 1991篇 |
皮肤病学 | 354篇 |
神经病学 | 428篇 |
特种医学 | 245篇 |
外科学 | 887篇 |
综合类 | 21篇 |
预防医学 | 279篇 |
眼科学 | 111篇 |
药学 | 447篇 |
中国医学 | 9篇 |
肿瘤学 | 749篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 27篇 |
2022年 | 86篇 |
2021年 | 152篇 |
2020年 | 101篇 |
2019年 | 152篇 |
2018年 | 153篇 |
2017年 | 110篇 |
2016年 | 136篇 |
2015年 | 140篇 |
2014年 | 152篇 |
2013年 | 232篇 |
2012年 | 370篇 |
2011年 | 393篇 |
2010年 | 236篇 |
2009年 | 176篇 |
2008年 | 327篇 |
2007年 | 345篇 |
2006年 | 354篇 |
2005年 | 353篇 |
2004年 | 329篇 |
2003年 | 333篇 |
2002年 | 342篇 |
2001年 | 202篇 |
2000年 | 195篇 |
1999年 | 198篇 |
1998年 | 90篇 |
1997年 | 72篇 |
1996年 | 73篇 |
1995年 | 46篇 |
1994年 | 66篇 |
1993年 | 47篇 |
1992年 | 142篇 |
1991年 | 132篇 |
1990年 | 136篇 |
1989年 | 146篇 |
1988年 | 106篇 |
1987年 | 116篇 |
1986年 | 111篇 |
1985年 | 108篇 |
1984年 | 84篇 |
1983年 | 81篇 |
1982年 | 33篇 |
1980年 | 24篇 |
1979年 | 52篇 |
1978年 | 39篇 |
1977年 | 28篇 |
1976年 | 24篇 |
1974年 | 38篇 |
1973年 | 23篇 |
1972年 | 32篇 |
排序方式: 共有7591条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Katsumi Harasawa Osamu Kemmotsu Takahisa Mayumi Yoshiteru Kawano 《Journal of clinical monitoring and computing》1997,13(1):19-24
Objective. Tympanic temperature can be obtained instantaneously using an infrared emission detection (IRED) thermometer. Its accuracy has been documented in a variety of clinical settings, but its performance at low body temperatures is still unknown. In this study we evaluated its performance during coronary artery revascularization surgery in which mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was used. Methods. Thirty adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were enrolled in the study. Tympanic temperature obtained using IRED thermometry (Tt1) was compared with core temperatures from the esophagus (Te), and venous blood of CPB (Tv) before, during, and after CPB. We also measured tympanic temperature using a thermocouple probe (Tt2) in 16 of the 30 patients in order to study the agreement between the two methods. Values for correlation coefficients and limits of agreement were computed to assess the degree of agreement among the temperatures obtained. Results. The highest agreement with Tv during CPB was obtained from Tt1 (r = 0.94, 0.41 ± 1.73, limits of agreement) and from Te (0.91, 0.36 ± 2.46). Tt1 also showed good agreement with Tt2 during surgery. Conclusions. Infrared tympanic thermometry is a reliable, alternative method to measure tympanic temperature and may be useful to assess core temperature in both normothermic and mild hypothermic conditions. 相似文献
22.
Preliminary results of intermittent retrograde cerebral perfusion during proximal aortic arch surgery. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shinpei Yoshii Okihiko Akashi Masahiro Kobayashi Atsuo Kojima Samuel J K Abraham Shunya Shindo Yusuke Tada Hiroji Higuchi 《The Japanese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery》2003,51(11):588-593
OBJECTIVE: Continuous retrograde cerebral perfusion during aortic arch surgery is associated with cerebral edema. In this report, we describe the clinical use of a new type of intermittent retrograde cerebral perfusion. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with a Stanford type A dissection were included in this study. With the usual method of retrograde cerebral perfusion, about 2,500 mL venous blood is drained from bicaval cannulae into a hard-shell reservoir, and oxygenated blood is perfused through the superior vena caval cannula. The flow rate is 300 mL/min. After about 15 min, retrograde perfusion is discontinued, and drainage from the bicaval cannulae is restarted. When a bloodless field is necessary, perfusion also is discontinued. RESULTS: Two to seven cycles of intermittent retrograde cerebral perfusion were administered (average, 3.1+/-0.4, mean+/-SD). The total retrograde perfusion time was 36.0+/-1.9 min which was equivalent to 74.8% of the circulatory arrest time. No patient developed edema of the upper body. The time to wake-up was 3 to 14 h (average, 6.5+/-1.0 h). No patient suffered any neurologic complications even though the time of circulatory arrest was greater than 60 min in four cases. Head magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography was performed in 12 cases, and no evidence of hypoxic brain injury was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Our clinical experience using a moderate amount of intermittent retrograde cerebral perfusion is superior to continuous retrograde cerebral perfusion for protecting the brain during aortic arch surgery. 相似文献
23.
A case is reported of malignant pilomatricoma confirmed by immunohistochemistry using anti-human hair keratin (anti-HHK) antibody prepared by the authors. The tumor occurred in the soft tissue of the inguinal region of an 88-year-old woman, with later invasion of the epidermis. No other possible primary lesion was found at autopsy. Histologically, the tumor was squamous cell carcinoma with nests of tumor cells and shadow cell-like necrotic cells showing central keratinization and focal calcification. Immunohistochemically, the hair keratin was positive in this tumor and in benign pilomatricomas exclusively. All other skin lesions and various squamous cell carcinomas examined were negative for this antigen. The staining patterns of commercial antiepidermal keratin and antiinvolucrin antibodies were significantly different from that of anti-HHK in normal skin and in these lesions. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of malignant pilomatricoma tested with anti-HHK staining. Malignant pilomatricoma is generally a low-grade malignant tumor, but it can metastasize and be fatal as it was in this case. 相似文献
24.
Y Miyamoto M Nakatani M Ida T Ishikawa N Okazawa M Ariizumi F Tsujimoto K Mizunuma Y Fukuda S Tada 《Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU》1989,17(5):309-318
Ultrasonography was performed in 45 cases of gastric cancer. Specimens from all 45 cases of gastric cancer were subjects to ultrasonographic study by the water immersion method for comparison with histology. In 32 of these 45 cases in vivo ultrasonographic evaluation was performed prospectively. The overall accuracy rates for the diagnosis of the depth of cancerous invasion were almost 80% in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In vivo ultrasonographic findings agreed well with those from the specimen studies. Ultrasonography was considered to be useful in the diagnosis of gastric malignancies. 相似文献
25.
Kenji Yoshimi Masatoshi Takeda Tsuyoshi Nishimura Takashi Kudo Yu Nakamura Kunitoshi Tada Nobuyoshi Iwata 《Brain research》1991,560(1-2):149-158
Changes in MAP2 and clathrin immunoreactivity were studied in gerbil hippocampus after transient cerebral ischemia. MAP2 immuno-reactivity decreased significantly by 1 h in the subiculum-CA1 and CA2 areas which correspond to reactive change, while no decrease was observed in CA1 until day 4. Before the initiation of delayed neuronal death, MAP2 immunoreactivity was not changed in CA1. On the other hand clathrin immunoreactivity increased in the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 by 3 h after ischemia and remained high for 2 days. Clathrin immunoreactivity in the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 diminished after delayed neuronal death. The transient change of clathrin was noted especially in CA1 in the period prior to delayed neuronal death. These results imply an abnormal change in clathrin turnover after ischemia, which may participate in the pathogenesis of delayed neuronal death. 相似文献
26.
Electrochemotherapy is a novel antitumor treatment involving the systemic administration of bleomycin followed by the delivery
of electrical pulses to the tumor. The present study investigates the effects of electrochemotherapy on the growth of colon
26 cells inoculated subcutaneously into the backs of BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into the following four experimental
groups: 20 that received no further treatment after the inoculation of colon 26 cells (control group); 20 that received 500
μg of bleomycin intraperitoneally 7 and 9 days after the inoculation (BLM group); 20 that received electric pulses to the
tumor 7 and 9 days after the inoculation (EP group); and 30 that received electrochemotherapy 7 and 9 days after the inoculation
(ECT group). During 28 days of observation, no deaths due to tumor progression occurred in the ECT group, but there were 18
in the control group, 11 in the BLM group, and 18 in the EP group. While weight loss was observed in all groups, it was most
remarkable in the control group. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the ECT group, compared to the other experimental
groups (P<0.01). The results of this study demonstrated that electrochemotherapy significantly inhibited the growth of colon 26 tumors
in mice, without causing any remarkable adverse effects. 相似文献
27.
Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) is an important selenium-containing enzyme which protects cells from oxidative damage. Two hybridoma clones (GPX-121 and GPX-347), producing mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies specific for GSH-Px, were established. Immunoblot analysis revealed that GPX-347 was specific for human GSH-Px, while GPX-121 cross-reacted with human, rat, mouse and rabbit GSH-Px. Correlation between GSH-Px content and its enzymatic activity was investigated in erythrocytes of 76 humans and in human lung adenocarcinoma PC-9 cells by using a sandwich type ELISA. The results indicated that GSH-Px activity was expressed higher than expected from GSH-Px content especially in the range of low GSH-Px concentration. PC-9 cells selenium depleted medium did not stain but the cytoplasm of PC-9 cells grown in medium supplemented with selenium stained strongly. 相似文献
28.
29.
Junya Katoh Shunya Shindo Satsuki Kina Seiichiro Katahira Hiroshi Osawa Masahiro Kobayashi Osamu Suzuki Kihachiro Kamiya Yusuke Tada 《Surgery today》1995,25(6):554-556
Aneurysmal rupture into the intestinal tract is a rare but disastrous complication of an internal iliac artery aneurysm. We report herein the successful surgical repair of a fistula between a huge aneurysm of the right internal iliac artery and the rectum in an 81-year-old man. After a femoro-femoral cross-over bypass had been performed, the aneurysm was opened and its patent arterial branches were ligated with sutures. The fistula was then intra-aneurysmally sutured and covered with an omental flap. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this severe complication are discussed with a review of the literature following the presentation of this case. 相似文献
30.
H Kawai H Kawabata K Masada K Ono K Yamamoto Y Tsuyuguchi K Tada 《Clinical orthopaedics and related research》1988,(237):75-86
Thirty-six patients with traumatic brachial plexus lesions and root avulsions were treated surgically between 1972 and 1986 and were followed for more than 24 months (average, 42.6 months). Neurotization of the musculocutaneous nerve with intercostal nerves or the spinal accessory nerve resulted in satisfactory elbow flexion in 21 of the 33 cases (64%). Combined nerve repairs (i.e., intercostal and spinal accessory neurotization of the terminal branch of the brachial plexus in combination with nerve grafts from the upper spinal nerves of the brachial plexus) created a useful function in at least one functional level of the upper limb for 11 of the 15 cases so treated. Nerve repairs resulted in stability of the shoulder and elbow function controllable with a sensible hand for patients with root avulsion injury of the brachial plexus. 相似文献