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141.
Scharf MT Woo NH Lattal KM Young JZ Nguyen PV Abel T 《Journal of neurophysiology》2002,87(6):2770-2777
Spaced training is generally more effective than massed training for learning and memory, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this trial spacing effect remain poorly characterized. One potential molecular basis for the trial spacing effect is the differential modulation, by distinct temporal patterns of neuronal activity, of protein synthesis-dependent processes that contribute to the expression of specific forms of synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a type of synaptic modification that may be important for certain forms of memory storage in the mammalian brain. To explore the role of protein synthesis in the trial spacing effect, we assessed the protein synthesis dependence of hippocampal LTP induced by 100-Hz tetraburst stimulation delivered to mouse hippocampal slices in either a temporally massed (20-s interburst interval) or spaced (5-min interburst interval) fashion. To extend our studies to the behavioral level, we trained mice in fear conditioning using either a massed or spaced training protocol and examined the sensitivity of long-term memory to protein synthesis inhibition. Larger LTP was induced by spaced stimulation in hippocampal slices. This improvement of synaptic potentiation following temporally spaced synaptic stimulation in slices was attenuated by bath application of an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Further, the maintenance of LTP induced by spaced synaptic stimulation was more sensitive to disruption by anisomycin than the maintenance of LTP elicited following massed stimulation. Temporally spaced behavioral training improved long-term memory for contextual but not for cued fear conditioning, and this enhancement of memory for contextual fear was also protein synthesis dependent. Our data reveal that altering the temporal spacing of synaptic stimulation and behavioral training improved hippocampal LTP and enhanced contextual long-term memory. From a broad perspective, these results suggest that the recruitment of protein synthesis-dependent processes important for long-term memory and for long-lasting forms of LTP can be modulated by the temporal profiles of behavioral training and synaptic stimulation. 相似文献
142.
143.
The Chinese hamster V79 cell metabolic cooperation assay indirectlymeasures an inhibition of intercellular communication throughgap junctions and can detect many tumor promoters. The experimentsdescribed here were designed to determine whether culture mediumosmolality and pH affect the endpoint of this assay, since hypertonicsolutions and cytoplasmic acidification can uncouple gap junctionsin other systems. Hypertonic concentrations of sucrose and mannitolin medium did inhibit metabolic cooperation, but these soluteswere active over different ranges of osmolalities. In similarexperiments, sodium chloride, choline chloride and sodium glucuronatehad no effect on metabolic cooperation. Furthermore, data wereobtained indicating that osmotic effects are not likely to contributeto the inhibition of metabolic cooperation by sodium saccharin.It is concluded that hypertonic culture conditions do not necessarilycause an inhibition of metabolic cooperation, and the propertiesof an added solute are important in determining the effectsobserved. Additionally, it was found that buffering the culturemedium pH between 6.6 and 7.7, during the period when test substancesare normally present, had no effect on metabolic cooperation. 相似文献
144.
Matthew M. Clark M.A. John R. Corbisiero M.A. Mary E. Procidano Ph.D. Saul A. Grossman Ph.D. 《Community mental health journal》1984,20(4):262-268
The usefulness of assertive training for elderly psychiatric outpatients was assessed through a quasi-experimental evaluation of a program at a community geriatric facility. Elderly clients are frequently labeled as untreatable and are therefore often denied therapeutic treatment. This study is an example of the potential effectiveness of applying treatment techniques which have been developed with younger populations to a geriatric population. Nineteen clients, aged 50–75, participated in the study, either as participants in the assertion training or as members of a no-treatment control group. The assertion training consisted of 14 semi-weekly sessions, with coaching and feedback provided by the therapists. Assertive behaviors were assessed through self-report, role play and staff ratings of adaptive behaviors of clients. Pre-intervention comparisons between the groups along these dimensions were nonsignificant. However, post-test assessment indicated a significant between group difference in self-reported assertiveness-(t(17)=2.69;p<.05). Dependent t-tests indicated that the experimental group became more assertive (t(9)=2.59;p<.05), but the control group did not. Changes as assessed by role play and staff rating did not reach statistical significance. Results which indicate the potential effectiveness of assertive training with this population are discussed in terms of a specificity conceptualization of assertiveness and implications for assertive training with this population.This paper is based upon their masters' theses. 相似文献
145.
Goodman William Downing Amy Allsop Matthew Munro Julie Taylor Claire Hubbard Gill Beeken Rebecca J. 《Quality of life research》2022,31(8):2435-2444
Quality of Life Research - Quality of life can be negatively impacted by the formation of a stoma and is influenced by a number of factors. Research to date treats people with a stoma as a... 相似文献
146.
Interpregnancy Interval and Birth Outcomes: A Propensity Matching Study in the California Population
Congdon Jayme L. Baer Rebecca J. Arcara Jennet Feuer Sky K. Gómez Anu Manchikanti Karasek Deborah Oltman Scott P. Pantell Matthew S. Ryckman Kelli Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura 《Maternal and child health journal》2022,26(5):1115-1125
Maternal and Child Health Journal - Previous studies that used traditional multivariable and sibling matched analyses to investigate interpregnancy interval (IPI) and birth outcomes have reached... 相似文献
147.
Mak Susanne Hunt Matthew Boruff Jill Zaccagnini Marco Thomas Aliki 《Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice》2022,27(3):793-815
Advances in Health Sciences Education - Professional identity is believed to foster self-confidence and resilience in health care professionals. While literature exists describing professional... 相似文献
148.
Kim Han Komudi Singh Matthew J. Rodman Shahin Hassanzadeh Yvonne Baumer Rebecca D. Huffstutler Jinguo Chen Julin Candia Foo Cheung Katherine E. R. Stagliano Mehdi Pirooznia Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley Michael N. Sack 《Nutrients》2021,13(5)
Intermittent fasting and fasting mimetic diets ameliorate inflammation. Similarly, serum extracted from fasted healthy and asthmatic subjects’ blunt inflammation in vitro, implicating serum components in this immunomodulation. To identify the proteins orchestrating these effects, SOMAScan technology was employed to evaluate serum protein levels in healthy subjects following an overnight, 24-h fast and 3 h after refeeding. Partial least square discriminant analysis identified several serum proteins as potential candidates to confer feeding status immunomodulation. The characterization of recombinant IGFBP1 (elevated following 24 h of fasting) and PYY (elevated following refeeding) in primary human CD4+ T cells found that they blunted and induced immune activation, respectively. Furthermore, integrated univariate serum protein analysis compared to RNA-seq analysis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified the induction of IL1RL1 and MFGE8 levels in refeeding compared to the 24-h fasting in the same study. Subsequent quantitation of these candidate proteins in lean versus obese individuals identified an inverse regulation of serum levels in the fasted subjects compared to the obese subjects. In parallel, IL1RL1 and MFGE8 supplementation promoted increased CD4+ T responsiveness to T cell receptor activation. Together, these data show that caloric load-linked conditions evoke serological protein changes, which in turn confer biological effects on circulating CD4+ T cell immune responsiveness. 相似文献
149.
Aaron Persinger Matthew Butawan Martina Faietti Ashley Pryke Kyley Rose Marie van der Merwe Richard J. Bloomer Melissa J. Puppa 《Nutrients》2021,13(5)
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is becoming a popular way of eating in physically active populations, despite a lack of research on metabolic and performance outcomes as they relate to the timing of food consumption in relation to the time of exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if the timing of feeding/fasting after exercise training differently affects muscle metabolic flexibility and response to an acute bout of exercise. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized to one of three groups for 8 weeks. The control had ad libitum access to food before and after exercise training. TRF-immediate had immediate access to food for 6 h following exercise training and the TRF-delayed group had access to food 5-h post exercise for 6 h. The timing of fasting did not impact performance in a run to fatigue despite TRF groups having lower hindlimb muscle mass. TRF-delayed had lower levels of muscle HSL mRNA expression and lower levels of PGC-1α expression but displayed no changes in electron transport chain enzymes. These results suggest that in young populations consuming a healthy diet and exercising, the timing of fasting may not substantially impact metabolic flexibility and running performance. 相似文献
150.
Helen Pineo Camilla Audia Daniel Black Matthew French Emily Gemmell Gina S. Lovasi James Milner Felipe Montes Yanlin Niu Carolina Prez-Ferrer Jos Siri Ruzka R. Taruc 《Journal of urban health》2021,98(3):442
Anthropogenic environmental change will heavily impact cities, yet associated health risks will depend significantly on decisions made by urban leaders across a wide range of non-health sectors, including transport, energy, housing, basic urban services, and others. A subset of planetary health researchers focus on understanding the urban health impacts of global environmental change, and how these vary globally and within cities. Such researchers increasingly adopt collaborative transdisciplinary approaches to engage policy-makers, private citizens, and other actors in identifying and evaluating potential policy solutions that will reduce environmental impacts in ways that simultaneously promote health, equity, and/or local economies—in other words, maximising ‘co-benefits’. This report presents observations from a participatory workshop focused on challenges and opportunities for urban planetary health research. The workshop, held at the 16th International Conference on Urban Health (ICUH) in Xiamen, China, in November 2019, brought together 49 participants and covered topics related to collaboration, data, and research impact. It featured research projects funded by the Wellcome Trust’s Our Planet Our Health (OPOH) programme. This report aims to concisely summarise and disseminate participants’ collective contributions to current methodological practice in urban planetary health research. 相似文献