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Daniel Hryhorczuk Irina Dardynskaia Elena Lukyanova Marta Matwyshyn-Fuoco Lee Friedman Zoreslava Shkiryak-Nizhnyk Alexander Zvinchuk Natalia Chislovska Yuri Antipkin 《Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology》2009,23(4):346-351
The prevalence of wheezing in children varies widely around the world. The reasons for this geographic variability remain unclear but may be related in part to exposures in the home environment during pregnancy and early childhood. We investigated the prenatal and early childhood risk factors for wheezing symptoms among 2127 children aged 6–8 years who were participants in the Ukrainian component of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC). Cases included the 169 children whose parents answered yes to the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC) question: 'Has your child had wheezing or whistling in the chest in the past 12 months' during the ELSPAC assessment of the children at age 7. These were compared with the 1861 children in the cohort whose parents answered 'no' to this question.
Factors significantly associated with increased risk of wheezing illness at age 7 in adjusted analyses included mother's asthma [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22, 9.85]; mother's allergy problems (OR 1.43, [1.00, 2.05]); rarely playing with other children at age 3 (OR 1.84, [1.09, 3.11]); water intrusion (OR 1.62, [1.09, 2.39]) and inadequate heating of the home (OR 1.52, [1.06, 2.16]) during pregnancy. Factors protective of wheezing at age 7 included being first-born (adjusted OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50, 0.98); living in the city of Dniprodzerzynsk as compared with Kyiv (OR 0.36, [0.24, 0.54]) and weekly contact with furry animals (OR 0.44, [0.20, 0.97]) before age 3. The constellation of risk factors for wheezing in Ukrainian children is similar to that of children in other parts of the world. Known risk factors do not account for the significant between-city variability of wheezing in Ukrainian children. 相似文献
Factors significantly associated with increased risk of wheezing illness at age 7 in adjusted analyses included mother's asthma [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22, 9.85]; mother's allergy problems (OR 1.43, [1.00, 2.05]); rarely playing with other children at age 3 (OR 1.84, [1.09, 3.11]); water intrusion (OR 1.62, [1.09, 2.39]) and inadequate heating of the home (OR 1.52, [1.06, 2.16]) during pregnancy. Factors protective of wheezing at age 7 included being first-born (adjusted OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50, 0.98); living in the city of Dniprodzerzynsk as compared with Kyiv (OR 0.36, [0.24, 0.54]) and weekly contact with furry animals (OR 0.44, [0.20, 0.97]) before age 3. The constellation of risk factors for wheezing in Ukrainian children is similar to that of children in other parts of the world. Known risk factors do not account for the significant between-city variability of wheezing in Ukrainian children. 相似文献
24.
Pilot study to enhance HIV care using needle exchange-based health services for out-of-treatment injecting drug users 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Altice Frederick L. Springer Sandra Buitrago Marta Hunt David P. Friedland Gerald H. 《Journal of urban health》2003,80(3):416-427
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in marked reductions in mortality and acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence across all risk groups; however, the proportionate decrease among injecting drug
users (IDUs) has been less impressive. Much of the disparity in benefit to IDUs has been a consequence of decreased access
to and receipt of potent antiretroviral combinations. Strategies to increase access to and utilization of HAART have included
entry into drug treatment and abstinence. Unfortunately, as few as 15%–20% of active drug users in the United States, and
in many other countries, are in drug treatment at any one time. We report a pilot project among out-of-drug treatment IDUs
infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); HIV therapy was successfully provided to active heroin injectors using the
Community Health Care Van (CHCV) at sites of needle exchange. Subjects were willing to initiate, but were not receiving, recommended
HIV therapy and were not interested in formal drug treatment. Antiretroviral therapy regimens were selected and linked to
heroin injection timing. Weekly visits were scheduled by CHCV staff to assess adverse side effects and encourage adherence.
Of the 13 participants, the mean baseline HIV-1 RNA level and CD4 lymphocyte count were 162,369 (log 5.21) copies per milliliter
and 265 cells per milliliter, respectively. By 6 months, the proportion whose HIV-1 RNA was below the limits of detection
(<400 copies/mL) was 85% (N=11); 77% (N=10) had nondetectable levels by 9 months. By 12 months, 54% (N=7) had a persistently
nondetectable viral load, and the net increase in CD4 lymphocyte count was 150 cells per milliliter. As an additional and
unintended benefit of this pilot project, 9 (69%) subjects chose to enter drug treatment after achieving a nondetectable viral
load. Entry into drug treatment was associated with durability of viral suppression. This small pilot study suggests that
health services based on needle exchange may enhance access to HAART among out-of-treatment HIV-infected IDUs. In addition,
it demonstrates that this population can benefit from this therapy with the support of a nontraditional, community-based health
intervention. 相似文献
25.
L. Guillermo Palacio Ivan Jimnez H. Hugo Garcia Marta E. Jimnez Jorge L. Snchez John Noh IlLisa Ahn Ofelia Mora Margarita Giraldo Victor C. W. Tsang 《Epilepsia》1998,39(12):1334-1339
Summary: Purpose: A prospective series of 643 persons with epilepsy attending a reference neurologic center in Medellin, Colombia, was examined by computed tomography (CT scan) or serology or both with the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay (EITB) to assess the prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis. Methods: All presenting patients were consecutively enrolled in the study. Five hundred forty-six persons underwent cerebral CT scans; 376 of them also had serum EITB performed. Results: Prevalence of neurocys@ercosis by CT scan was 13.92%. Overall prevalence of T. solium antibodies with EITB was 9.82%, but for those with late-onset epilepsy (onset after age 30 years), prevalence increased to 17.5% and 19% for those who originated from outside urban Medellin. Seroprevalence in individuals with mixed lesions (cysts and calcifications) was 88.2% and 64.10% in those with live cysts. Conversely, only 2.72% of persons with CT findings not related to neurocysticercosis had positive EITB tests. Conclusions: Our study shows that an important proportion of individuals with epilepsy have radiologic or serologic evidence of T. solium infection, suggesting that neurocysticercosis is an important etiology for epilepsy in Colombia. 相似文献
26.
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Magí Farré María-Teresa Terán Pere N. Roset Marta Mas Marta Torrens J. Camí 《Psychopharmacology》1998,140(4):486-495
Abuse liability and acute subjective and psychomotor effects of flunitrazepam were assessed in ten methadone-maintained males
with history of benzodiazepine and alcohol use, who voluntarily participated in a double-blind, controlled, cross-over, randomized
clinical trial. There were six experimental sessions in which a single oral dose of flunitrazepam 1, 2, and 4 mg; triazolam
0.5 and 0.75 mg; and placebo was given. Evaluations included physiological measures; psychomotor performance tasks (simple
reaction time, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, balance task, Maddox-wing device); and self-administered subjective effects
questionnaires [Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI), Profile of Mood States (POMS), a series of visual analog scales
(VAS)]. All drugs but flunitrazepam 1 mg caused an impairment of psychomotor tasks. Effects were more evident with the highest
doses of both drugs. Only flunitrazepam 4 mg produced a significant decrease in balance time. Triazolam 0.75 mg induced increases
in sedation measured by ARCI-PCAG, depression in POMS, and VAS-drowsiness scores. Flunitrazepam 4 mg caused euphoria-related
effects as measured by increases in ARCI-MBG and “high” scores in the VAS. Our findings of flunitrazepam-induced euphoria
in methadone-maintained subjects together with epidemiological evidence of flunitrazepam abuse by opioid dependents, suggest
that it may be included in the group of benzodiazepines with a relatively high abuse potential.
Received: 13 February 1998/Final version: 1 May 1998 相似文献
28.
Marta Zakrzewska 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》1988,17(3):365-371
Female bank voles (Clethnonomys glareolus Schreber, 1780) were given lead-contaminated food (2.5, 60, 380, and 730 g g–1 of lead) after giving birth to litters. The concentrations of lead in bodies of young voles were determined after 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th days of life. The concentrations of lead in the offspring increased with elevation of lead level in the diet of mothers. Lead accumulation became remarkable after 15th day, particularly in the bodies of the young born to mothers given 380 and 730 g g–1 of dietary lead. The adverse effect of lead on the growth of young voles (declining weight increments) was observed in groups receiving highly contaminated food. The mortality among the young was also monitored. It occurred in whole litters as well as individuals and attained the highest values in groups given 730 g g–1 of dietary lead. 相似文献
29.
Wilson disease: novel mutations in the ATP7B gene and clinical correlation in Brazilian patients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Deguti MM Genschel J Cancado EL Barbosa ER Bochow B Mucenic M Porta G Lochs H Carrilho FJ Schmidt HH 《Human mutation》2004,23(4):398
Wilson disease (WD) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect in a metal transporting P-type ATPase, resulting in copper overload in various tissues and cells. The aim was to assess both the phenotype in Brazilian WD patients and the corresponding ATP7B genotype. Sixty subjects belonging to 46 pedigrees diagnosed as WD were included in this study. Direct sequencing of all 21 exons within ATP7B and their flanking introns was performed. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and histopathological data at the time of diagnosis were obtained. We identified twenty-five mutations, twelve of them reported for the first time. The c.3402delC mutation had the highest allelic frequency (30.8%), followed by the c.2123T>C (p.L708P) (16.7%). Exons 8 and 15 were the site of 62.5% of the mutations. The common European mutation c.3207C>A (p.H1069Q) was not present at all. Phenotype varied greatly among individuals with the same ATP7B genotype. Our data confirm the heterogeneity of ATP7B genotype in Brazilian WD patients. The mutational spectrum is compatible with the Brazilian history of Mediterranean immigration; however, new mutations, and different frequencies and phenotype associated with the previously known mutations characterize this population. Exons 8 and 15 should be preferentially screened in WD cases from Brazil. Phenotype variation among subjects with the same ATP7B genotype suggests that modifying factors play an additional role in the pathogenesis of WD. 相似文献
30.
HIV seroincidence among patients at clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in nine cities in the United States 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Weinstock H Dale M Gwinn M Satten GA Kothe D Mei J Royalty J Linley L Fridlund C Parekh B Rawal BD Busch MP Janssen RS 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2002,29(5):478-483
Although the numbers of newly reported diagnoses of AIDS decreased in the 1990s, it is not clear whether they reflect a decreasing number of new HIV infections. Direct measurement of HIV incidence through follow-up cohort studies is difficult and costly. We estimated HIV incidence and trends in incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexual men and women at clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) by using a recently developed serologic testing algorithm that requires only a single blood specimen. Cross-sectional anonymous serosurveys were conducted at 13 STD clinics in nine cities in the United States from 1991 through 1997. Before anonymous HIV testing, demographic and clinical information was abstracted. Of 129,774 specimens tested, 362 (0.28%) were from persons estimated to be recently infected. Incidence among MSM was 7.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.8-10.3), 14 times higher than that among heterosexuals, which was 0.5% (CI: 0.4- 0.7). Incidence among MSM and heterosexuals remained unchanged during the time studied. Decreasing rates of new AIDS diagnoses in the 1990s do not reflect stable rates of new HIV infections among MSM and heterosexual patients attending these clinics. 相似文献