全文获取类型
收费全文 | 714篇 |
免费 | 45篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 26篇 |
妇产科学 | 42篇 |
基础医学 | 89篇 |
口腔科学 | 21篇 |
临床医学 | 84篇 |
内科学 | 94篇 |
皮肤病学 | 3篇 |
神经病学 | 27篇 |
特种医学 | 11篇 |
外科学 | 72篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 90篇 |
眼科学 | 1篇 |
药学 | 75篇 |
肿瘤学 | 118篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 32篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 32篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 23篇 |
2008年 | 40篇 |
2007年 | 49篇 |
2006年 | 50篇 |
2005年 | 35篇 |
2004年 | 46篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 38篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有760条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Cellular immune responses in vivo and in vitro were studied in 20 children with chronic or relapsing urinary tract infections. Skin tests revealed decreased immune responses to PPD in cases with chronic or recurrent pyelonephritis and to OM, in these cases and in cases of lower urinary tract infections. Blast transformation responses to PPD, OM and PHA were at least as high as in controls. Administration of chromatographically purified fraction from human leucocyte transfer factor resulted in a positive skin reaction with antigen concentration, which before TF administration had caused a negative reaction. The results suggest that the action of the transfer factor component used in this study is based on an immunologically nonspecific stimulation of the cellular immune response. 相似文献
62.
Vesa Anttila Matti Pokela Kai Kiviluoma Jussi Rimpiläinen Vilho Vainionpää Jorma Hirvonen Tatu Juvonen 《Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ》2013,47(2):116-123
During the unmodified rejection of cardiac allo-grafts in dogs a final increase of transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase activity occurred. In the longer surviving grafts a transient increase of lactic dehydrogenase and alphahydroxybutyric dehydrogenase activities also developed during the middle of the experimental period. 相似文献
63.
Eira Poikonen Outi Lyytikäinen Veli-Jukka Anttila Irma Koivula Jukka Lumio Pirkko Kotilainen Hannu Syrjälä Petri Ruutu 《BMC infectious diseases》2010,10(1):312
Background
In a previous study we observed an increasing trend in candidemia in Finland in the 1990s. Our aim was now to investigate further population-based secular trends, as well as outcome, and evaluate the association of fluconazole consumption and prophylaxis policy with the observed findings. 相似文献64.
Jenny Chia-Yun Wu Matti Hakama Ahti Anttila Amy Ming-Fang Yen Nea Malila Tytti Sarkeala Anssi Auvinen Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu Hsiu-Hsi Chen 《Breast cancer research and treatment》2010,122(2):553-566
Estimating the natural history parameters of breast cancer not only elucidates the disease progression but also make contributions
to assessing the impact of inter-screening interval, sensitivity, and attendance rate on reducing advanced breast cancer.
We applied three-state and five-state Markov models to data on a two-yearly routine mammography screening in Finland between
1988 and 2000. The mean sojourn time (MST) was computed from estimated transition parameters. Computer simulation was implemented
to examine the effect of inter-screening interval, sensitivity, and attendance rate on reducing advanced breast cancers. In
three-state model, the MST was 2.02 years, and the sensitivity for detecting preclinical breast cancer was 84.83%. In five-state
model, the MST was 2.21 years for localized tumor and 0.82 year for non-localized tumor. Annual, biennial, and triennial screening
programs can reduce 53, 37, and 28% of advanced cancer. The effectiveness of intensive screening with poor attendance is the
same as that of infrequent screening with high attendance rate. We demonstrated how to estimate the natural history parameters
using a service screening program and applied these parameters to assess the impact of inter-screening interval, sensitivity,
and attendance rate on reducing advanced cancer. The proposed method makes contribution to further cost-effectiveness analysis.
However, these findings had better be validated by using a further long-term follow-up data. 相似文献
65.
66.
Predisposing and provoking factors in childhood headache 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Objective.–To study the differences in predisposing and provoking factors between childhood migraine and nonmigrainous headache.
Background.–Information on the predisposing and provoking factors of headache could help to find ways to prevent it. Differences in predisposing and provoking factors between migraine and nonmigrainous headache are largely unknown.
Methods.–An unselected, population-based, prospective, follow-up study on the occurrence of headache in schoolchildren was carried out in 1290 children aged from 8 to 9 years. The children who had reported headache during the 6 months prior to the study ( n = 725) were sent a more detailed questionnaire about factors that might give rise to headache. Six hundred twenty-two (86%) children returned questionnaires that were completed to an acceptable degree.
Results.–The occurrence of familial paroxysmal headache and unhappiness in the family independently predicted the occurrence of migraine in children, but this was not the case for nonmigrainous headache.
Conclusions.–In particular, the family occurrence of paroxysmal headache increases the risk of migraine in a child. The risk is still greater if their living conditions are experienced as unsatisfactory by the family. 相似文献
Background.–Information on the predisposing and provoking factors of headache could help to find ways to prevent it. Differences in predisposing and provoking factors between migraine and nonmigrainous headache are largely unknown.
Methods.–An unselected, population-based, prospective, follow-up study on the occurrence of headache in schoolchildren was carried out in 1290 children aged from 8 to 9 years. The children who had reported headache during the 6 months prior to the study ( n = 725) were sent a more detailed questionnaire about factors that might give rise to headache. Six hundred twenty-two (86%) children returned questionnaires that were completed to an acceptable degree.
Results.–The occurrence of familial paroxysmal headache and unhappiness in the family independently predicted the occurrence of migraine in children, but this was not the case for nonmigrainous headache.
Conclusions.–In particular, the family occurrence of paroxysmal headache increases the risk of migraine in a child. The risk is still greater if their living conditions are experienced as unsatisfactory by the family. 相似文献
67.
Colorectal cancer mortality can be reduced by repeated faecal occult blood (FOB) testing followed by colonoscopy for test positives. The object of this report is to describe how to launch a new screening programme in such a way that its effectiveness can be reliably evaluated. The programme is based on gradual expansion over time with individual-level randomization into screening or control arms among a target population aged 60-69 years in Finland. The target population will be sampled from the population register for invitees and controls by municipality and by birth cohort. The non-invited controls will gradually be screened only after the six-year implementation period. After 10 years, the programme covers the entire target population. The effects of screening will be evaluated, comparing the incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer in those invited to screening with controls. The primary screening test is a biannual guaiac-based FOB test with three test cards for consecutive samples. In September-December 2004, around 5000 test-kits were sent to 22 piloting municipalities. In 2005, the programme expands both among municipalities and the target population, resulting in nearly 20,000 individual requests. The implementation of colorectal cancer screening in Finland in this way meets the criteria for a randomized controlled trial and the requirements for a public health programme. It allows unbiased research data to be collected while introducing the programme and may set an example for the introduction of all national screening programmes. 相似文献
68.
Anttila P 《Current pain and headache reports》2004,8(6):500-504
Although tension-type headache is at least as prevalent as migraine in children and adolescents, in contrast to migraine,
childhood tension-type headache has received limited research attention. Follow-up studies have shown that migraine may reverse
in tension-type headache and vice versa. In addition, children with frequent episodic tension-type headache may be at increased
risk of chronic tension-type headache. It is very important to recognize these children and to intervene. Further studies
are needed to clarify the pathophysiology of pediatric tension-type headache. 相似文献
69.
The susceptibilities of 171 bacteria which caused meningitis in 200 children were tested for their susceptibility as minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the antibiotics used in therapy. These antibiotics were chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. The MICs were compared to the minimal concentrations of the drugs seen in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. The minimal bacteriostatic capacity (lowest concentration in CSF/MIC) of both cephalosporins was superior to that of chloramphenicol and ampicillin. The correlation of the finding with the speed of liquor sterilization in the treatment groups is discussed. 相似文献
70.
Eriksson M Lemström K Suojaranta-Ylinen R Martelius T Harjula A Sipponen J Halme M Piilonen A Salmenkivi K Anttila VJ Hämmäinen P 《Transplantation proceedings》2010,42(10):4459-4464
Historic treatment strategies in our institute had resulted in 10% Aspergillus mortality within the first posttransplant year. Despite nebulized amphotericin B (nAmB) prophylaxis, a significant incidence of Aspergillus infection, usually with poor outcome, is still reported. The aim of this single-center retrospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients receiving either standard nAmB or additional systemic caspofungin prophylaxis for selected high-risk patients. We also tried to define independent risk factors for either fungal infection or death. We followed 76 consecutive lung transplant patients performed at our center between 2002 and 2010 from the day of transplantation. The median follow-up duration was 953 days (2.6 years; range, 16-2,751 days). The endpoints were postoperative Aspergillus colonization or disease or death due to any cause. All patients received either nAmB deoxycholate (nAmBd, 15 patients) or nAmB lipid complex (nAmBLC, 61 patients). In addition, 33 patients also received short-term caspofungin prophylaxis. The overall cumulative mortality during the entire follow up was 14.5%. No clinically confirmed invasive Aspergillus infections (IPA) occurred during the first 2 postoperative years; however, there was 1 possible and 1 probable IPA. One patient died of bronchiolitis obliterans and IPA at 2 years 3 months. Twelve patients showed transient Aspergillus colonization. The antifungal prophylactic regimens were well tolerated. The risk factors for death were age >55 years and postoperative Aspergillus detection (P = .011 and P = .015, respectively). Preoperative Aspergillus colonization/disease was not a risk factor for death (P = 1.000). The strongest predictor of death was age >55 years, due to the elder probably being more susceptible to the adverse effects of immunosuppressants. Postoperative detection of Aspergillus still seems to be an indicator of a poorer outcome. Preoperative Aspergillus colonization is not necessarily a threat with prompt institution of antifungal prophylaxis. 相似文献