全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19903篇 |
免费 | 1055篇 |
国内免费 | 88篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 317篇 |
儿科学 | 445篇 |
妇产科学 | 477篇 |
基础医学 | 2652篇 |
口腔科学 | 1384篇 |
临床医学 | 1566篇 |
内科学 | 4309篇 |
皮肤病学 | 375篇 |
神经病学 | 1663篇 |
特种医学 | 509篇 |
外科学 | 3316篇 |
综合类 | 93篇 |
一般理论 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 1433篇 |
眼科学 | 463篇 |
药学 | 1124篇 |
1篇 | |
中国医学 | 116篇 |
肿瘤学 | 800篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 160篇 |
2022年 | 300篇 |
2021年 | 625篇 |
2020年 | 371篇 |
2019年 | 547篇 |
2018年 | 624篇 |
2017年 | 421篇 |
2016年 | 500篇 |
2015年 | 641篇 |
2014年 | 821篇 |
2013年 | 941篇 |
2012年 | 1513篇 |
2011年 | 1679篇 |
2010年 | 998篇 |
2009年 | 803篇 |
2008年 | 1272篇 |
2007年 | 1382篇 |
2006年 | 1269篇 |
2005年 | 1087篇 |
2004年 | 982篇 |
2003年 | 861篇 |
2002年 | 757篇 |
2001年 | 267篇 |
2000年 | 296篇 |
1999年 | 245篇 |
1998年 | 131篇 |
1997年 | 104篇 |
1996年 | 76篇 |
1995年 | 72篇 |
1994年 | 69篇 |
1993年 | 49篇 |
1992年 | 123篇 |
1991年 | 119篇 |
1990年 | 99篇 |
1989年 | 90篇 |
1988年 | 66篇 |
1987年 | 69篇 |
1986年 | 68篇 |
1985年 | 53篇 |
1984年 | 58篇 |
1983年 | 38篇 |
1982年 | 37篇 |
1981年 | 34篇 |
1980年 | 34篇 |
1979年 | 28篇 |
1975年 | 20篇 |
1974年 | 19篇 |
1973年 | 38篇 |
1972年 | 22篇 |
1971年 | 20篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Karina M S Freitas Marcos Roberto de Freitas José Fernando Castanha Henriques Arnaldo Pinzan Guilherme Janson 《American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics》2004,125(4):480-487
Treatment stability is one of the most important objectives in orthodontics, but, despite decades of research, it is still agreed that the stability of aligned teeth is variable and largely unpredictable. This study aimed to evaluate the relapse of mandibular anterior crowding in patients treated without mandibular premolar extraction. The sample comprised 40 patients of both sexes with Class I or II malocclusions who received nonextraction treatment in the mandibular arch with edgewise mechanics. Lateral cephalograms and dental casts of each patient were obtained at pretreament, posttreatment, and 5 years postretention. Relapse of mandibular anterior crowding was assessed, and associations between this relapse and other clinical factors were also investigated. Mandibular anterior crowding was measured by the Little irregularity index, and the data were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test. The mean relapse of mandibular anterior crowding was 1.95 mm (26.54%) over the long term. No clinical factor studied was predictive of crowding relapse in the long term. 相似文献
42.
Robert Willer Farinazzo Vitral Carlos de Souza Telles Marcelo Reis Fraga Roberto Sotto Maior Fortes de Oliveira Orlando Motohiro Tanaka 《American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics》2004,126(1):48-52
Thirty persons with Class II Division 1 subdivision malocclusions, ranging in age from 12 years 8 months to 42 years, underwent computed tomography of the temporomandibular joints. The images obtained from sagittal slices were used to assess the depth of the mandibular fossa, the angulation of the posterior wall of the articular tubercle, the condyle-fossa relationship, and the concentric position of the condyles associated with this malocclusion. Paired Student t tests were applied, and Pearson product moment correlations (r) were determined after measurements on both Class I and Class II sides were obtained. No statistically significant asymmetries were found in the depth of the mandibular fossa, the angulation of the posterior wall of the articular tubercle, or the condyle-fossa relationship. However, a statistically significant (P <.05) anterior positioning of the condyles was observed. 相似文献
43.
44.
Miguel Marcos Alex Soriano José A Martínez Josep Mensa 《Clinical infectious diseases》2007,45(10):1401; author reply 1401-1401; author reply 1402
45.
Quantitative (82)Rb PET/CT: development and validation of myocardial perfusion database. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cesar A Santana Russell D Folks Ernest V Garcia Liudmila Verdes Rupan Sanyal Jon Hainer Marcelo F Di Carli Fabio P Esteves 《Journal of nuclear medicine》2007,48(7):1122-1128
The use of myocardial perfusion (82)Rb PET/CT studies continues to increase but its accuracy using database quantification methods for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been established. METHODS: A sex-independent normal database and criteria for abnormality for rest-stress (82)Rb PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging were developed and validated by evaluation of 281 patients (136 females: mean age +/- SD, 63.3 +/- 13.3 y; 145 males: mean age +/- SD, 63.9 +/- 12.8 y) who underwent a rest-adenosine stress (82)Rb PET/CT study. These patients were divided into 3 groups: (a) healthy group: 30 patients, with <5% likelihood of CAD (low likelihood [LLK]) based on sequential Bayesian analysis; these patients were used to generate the normal distribution; (b) pilot group: 174 patients; these patients were used to determine the optimal criteria for detecting and localizing the perfusion abnormality; and (c) validation group: 76 patients (23 with LLK of CAD and 53 who underwent coronary angiography; these patients were used for prospective validation. RESULTS: Of the 53 patients who underwent coronary angiography, 8 had <50% stenosis and 45 patients had at least one stenosis > or =50% in one major artery. Fifteen patients had single-vessel disease, 17 had double-vessel disease, and 13 had triple-vessel disease. The prospective validation shows a normalcy rate of 78% (18/23) for global CAD. The analyses by individual arteries show a normalcy rate of 96% (22/23) for the left anterior descending coronary artery, 96% for the left circumflex coronary artery (22/23), and 100% for the right coronary artery (23/23). The overall sensitivity for detection of CAD (> or =50% stenosis) was 93% (42/45). The overall specificity for detection of the absence of CAD (< or =50% stenosis) was 75% (6/8). Also, the positive predictive value for global CAD was 95% (42/44), the negative predictive value was 67% (6/9), and the accuracy was 91% (48/53). CONCLUSION: The quantitative (82)Rb PET/CT database created and validated in this study is highly accurate for the detection and localization of CAD. Physicians should consider using the quantitative output of these algorithms as decision support tools to aid with image interpretation. 相似文献
46.
F. J. Jimnez-Jimnez P.J. García-Ruiz J. Garci de Ybenes A. Vzquez D. García Urra B. Morales E. Varela de Seijas 《European journal of neurology》1997,4(5):498-501
Calcium channel blockers can act on dopaminergic systems, and some reports suggest that they could be useful for the treatment of several movement disorders. In order to assess the efficacy of nicardipine in tics disorders we performed a prospective open non-controlled study which included 10 previously untreated patients. Our results suggest that nicardipine could be a useful and safe treatment for tics. 相似文献
47.
We studied 12 non-demented PD patients in on state before and 3 months after posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP), in order to evaluate the effects of surgery upon an unconstrained, multijoint skilled movement as well as a single joint, repetitive, ballistic movement. A Selspot II System was used for three-dimensional data acquisition, processing and reconstruction of limb trajectories. Specific wrist kinematic features of spatial accuracy (linearity and planarity), temporal attributes (acceleration and velocity), spatiotemporal relationships (velocity-curvature coupling), and joint kinematic variables (relationships between wrist and elbow velocities and relative arm angle amplitudes) for each cycle of movement were graphically and numerically analysed. QMC was applied to single joint, repetitive, ballistic movements. QMC significantly improved after PVP (P < 0.0006). However, wrist as well as joint kinematic variables of the gestural movements failed to change significantly after PVP. The lack of improvement of the kinematic abnormalities of the gestural movement in PD patients would indicate that they are unrelated to the basic motor deficit; most likely they are the result of a disruption of a complex of sensorimotor integration processes due to abnormal parieto-frontal basal ganglia interaction. 相似文献
48.
Andres A; Morales JM; Praga M; Campo C; Lahera V; Garcia-Robles R; Rodicio JL; Ruilope LM 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(7):1437-1440
BACKGROUND: Cyclosporin has been shown to facilitate renal vasoconstriction
and to have an antinatriuretic effect. The existence of an interference of
cyclosporin with the vasodilating properties of endothelium mediated by
nitric oxide production could mediate these effects. On the other hand, the
infusion of the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine has been shown to induce
renal vasodilatation and to facilitate natriuresis in normal volunteers. We
have investigated the renal effects of the administration of an infusion of
L-arginine in renal transplant patients chronically treated with
cyclosporin. To facilitate the analysis of the data the effects of the
administration of a similar dose of cyclosporin on renal function during
the infusion of a vehicle were also investigated during the administration
of a vehicle of L-arginine. DESIGN: Ten male renal transplant patients,
chronically treated with cyclosporin and with a stable renal function were
studied during 2 consecutive days after the administration of the usual
morning dose of cyclosporin. The first day they received an intravenous
infusion of vehicle and the second the infusion of graded doses of
L-arginine (50, 100, 150 mg/kg/h) during 3 consecutive h. RESULTS: The
first day, after cyclosporin administration a significant fall (P <
0.01) was observed in natriuresis and kaliuresis in the absence of changes
in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. After the
administration of L-arginine significant (P < 0.01) increases of renal
plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and natriuresis were seen. The
increase in blood levels of cyclosporin after its administration did not
differ between days 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that
L-arginine facilitates renal vasodilatation and natriuresis in renal
transplant patients. Furthermore, the observed increase in sodium excretion
could indicate that L-arginine counteracts the antinatriuretic effect of
cyclosporin.
相似文献
49.
Patricio López-Jaramillo Director Marcelo Narváez Professor rés Calle Professor José Rivera Consultant Patricio Jácome Registrar César Ruano Professor Eduardo Nava Consultant 《BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology》1996,103(1):33-38
Objective To elucidate the role of the L-arginine: nitric oxide pathway in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia.
Participants Pregnant women (nulliparous, age < 25 years). Normotensive pregnancy ( n = 22 ) was defined when blood pressure remained at levels of < 120/80 mmHg and there was no proteinuria. Women with pre-eclampsia ( n = 22 ) had blood pressure measurements of > 140/90 mmHg and proteinuria of > 300 mg/l. Nonpregnant normotensive women ( n = 22 ) were studied as controls.
Study Design Blood samples were taken for measurements of ionised calcium, atrial natriuretic factor, cyclic guanosine 3'5'monophophate (GMP), arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine. Urine samples were collected for determination of cyclic GMP excretion. Cyclic GMP concentrations were also determined in 12 women with severe pre-eclampsia before and after treatment with hydralazine.
Results L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine and atrial natriuretic factor were not different in any group. Cyclic GMP concentrations in plasma [0.94 (SD 0.23) nM] as well as in urine [50.1 (SD15.7)μM] were increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in normal pregnancy compared to nonpregnant controls [plasma mean 0.46 (SD 0.12) nM and urine mean 18.4 (SD 10.3) μM], but not in the pre-eclampsia group [plasma mean 0.48 (SD 0.10) nM and urine mean 24.1 (SD 14.5) μM]. Concentrations of cyclic GMP in plasma and urine increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in women treated with hydralazine.
Conclusions The differences in cyclic GMP concentrations may reflect differences in nitric oxide production. Hydralazine increases cyclic GMP concentrations in severely pre-eclamptic women. This action could explain the antihypertensive effect of hydralazine. 相似文献
Participants Pregnant women (nulliparous, age < 25 years). Normotensive pregnancy ( n = 22 ) was defined when blood pressure remained at levels of < 120/80 mmHg and there was no proteinuria. Women with pre-eclampsia ( n = 22 ) had blood pressure measurements of > 140/90 mmHg and proteinuria of > 300 mg/l. Nonpregnant normotensive women ( n = 22 ) were studied as controls.
Study Design Blood samples were taken for measurements of ionised calcium, atrial natriuretic factor, cyclic guanosine 3'5'monophophate (GMP), arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine. Urine samples were collected for determination of cyclic GMP excretion. Cyclic GMP concentrations were also determined in 12 women with severe pre-eclampsia before and after treatment with hydralazine.
Results L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine and atrial natriuretic factor were not different in any group. Cyclic GMP concentrations in plasma [0.94 (SD 0.23) nM] as well as in urine [50.1 (SD15.7)μM] were increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in normal pregnancy compared to nonpregnant controls [plasma mean 0.46 (SD 0.12) nM and urine mean 18.4 (SD 10.3) μM], but not in the pre-eclampsia group [plasma mean 0.48 (SD 0.10) nM and urine mean 24.1 (SD 14.5) μM]. Concentrations of cyclic GMP in plasma and urine increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in women treated with hydralazine.
Conclusions The differences in cyclic GMP concentrations may reflect differences in nitric oxide production. Hydralazine increases cyclic GMP concentrations in severely pre-eclamptic women. This action could explain the antihypertensive effect of hydralazine. 相似文献
50.
Surgery on lower urinary tract organs sometimes is hindered by the symphysis pubis, which by its position and bulk could severely restrict maneuverability. Since 1972 we used a transpubic approach to improve surgical exposure in 287 patients operated on for prostate, bladder or urethral cancer, post-traumatic strictures and other conditions. The type of pubectomy performed (total, partial superior or partial inferior) depended upon whether a suprapelvic or infrapelvic diaphragm organ was the primary target of the approach. Total pubectomy was used in 137 patients, partial superior bone resection in 140 and partial inferior resection in 10 patients. Technical details for each type of pubectomy are illustrated. The transpubic approach was particularly useful for repair of posterior urethral strictures or removal of bulky tumors. Among the 3 types of approaches used, total pubectomy was associated with a high complication rate including bleeding, pelvic instability, urinary incontinence and stricture of the vesicourethral anastomosis. Therefore, we have abandoned the technique since 1978. Partial pubectomy provides exposure comparable to that of total pubectomy but with minimal complications, making it an alternative to the standard approach in difficult cases. 相似文献