健康教育干预在慢性病防治中的作用

目的探讨健康教育干预在慢性病防治中的作用。方法根据干部体检结果,对该人群采取了健康教育干预,尤其对其中确诊的812例高血压、753例心电图异常、691例高脂血症、289例糖尿病、218例糖耐量异常及143例高尿酸血症患者(以上称慢病跟踪组)进行了规范化管理和治疗,2年后复检,并对有关项目的检查进行对比。结果干预后该人群高血压、心电图异常、高脂血症、糖尿病及糖耐量异常的发生明显下降,χ2值分别为7.32、4.36、7.53、7.63、8.35(P<0.01、0.05);慢病跟踪组通过行为加药物的干预性治疗,高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病等平均控制达标率为80%以上。结论健康教育干预是预防慢性病的重要策略和有效手段。     

涂布方式对柔性硅胶血管制作质量的影响

目的 探究比较不同涂布方法对复杂柔性硅胶血管仿体制作质量的影响。方法 基于个性化前交通动脉瘤模型,采用喷涂和旋涂两种方法,制作多例硅胶血管仿体,定量比较两种方法在制作同一血管结构时的厚度增长、周向均匀以及透光性等指标。结果 旋涂法在血管大曲率、变径位置和直管位置处的厚度控制以及厚度均匀性占优,且具有较好的透光性和表面光滑性。旋涂法厚度相对偏差较喷涂法分别降低8.9%、10.8%和16.9%。结论 现阶段旋涂法在制作硅胶仿体模型时较喷涂法具有厚度均匀性优势和透光性优势,在大血管流体力学体外实验领域具有十分可期的应用前景。     

中美婴儿运动表现测试常模差异分析

目的比较中美婴儿运动表现测试(TIMP)常模,明确本地化研究和修正的重要性,为指导TIMP在国内的推广提供依据。方法经TIMP手册正反译,评估人员培训、信度考核后,分别在华东、华北、华南、华中、西南、西北、东北区域11家医疗机构采样,建立中国TIMP常模,并就样本情况、得分情况及亚组分类与美国常模进行对比。结果中国TIMP常模共13个周龄组,样本总数为1 035例,其中男性占56%,女性占44%,汉族占比95%,少数民族5%,早产儿和足月儿分别占比31%、69%;美国常模共12个周龄组,样本总数为990例,其中男性占52%,女性48%,白种人占58%,黑种人25%,高危、中危、低危婴儿分别占比35%、30%、35%。中国TIMP常模各周龄组得分均值低于同周龄组的美国常模(P<0.01);中国常模第10、50、90百分位数曲线低于美国常模。中国常模足月儿与早产儿亚组对比,大多数周龄组得分无显著差异;美国常模中高危儿亚组得分显著低于低危组(P<0.001)。结论基于两国人口特征和儿童保健发展现状的不同,中美TIMP常模取样人群存在差异。中国常模各周龄组的得分均值低于美国常模同周...     

针灸改善癌症患者抗肿瘤治疗副反应的研究进展

回顾近20余年国内外针灸治疗肿瘤的临床研究文献,总结针灸疗法在减轻放化疗引起的顽固性呃逆、恶心呕吐、疲劳、口干、潮热等方面的临床疗效;述评此间的主要临床试验;提出针灸在肿瘤临床综合治疗中存在潜力,呼吁继续深入研究和大力临床推广。     

EGFR mutation types and abundance were associated with the overall survival of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients receiving first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors

BackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are currently recognized as the standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations. Clinically found patients with different EGFR mutational status have different prognosis.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed to explore the relationship between EGFR mutations and abundance with patient survival by using patient data from the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2013 and November 2016. All patients involved in the present study had sensitive EGFR mutations [either exon 19 deletion (DEL) or exon 21 L858R] and treated by EGFR-TKIs. They were followed up every three months until lost or dead. Mutation abundance was calculated as the copies of EGFR mutation divided by copies of EGFR locus, and the cut-off values for 19DEL and L858R were 4.9% and 9.5%, respectively.ResultsTotal of 236 patients were included, comprising 116 (49.2%) patients with 19DEL mutation and 120 (50.8%) patients with L858R mutation. The median follow-up duration was 23.2 months (95% CI: 14.9–26.7 months). Overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in patients with 19DEL mutation (20.9 months, 95% CI: 17.7–24.1 months versus 17.0 months, 95% CI: 14.4–19.6 months in patients with L858R; P=0.008) and in patients with high mutation abundance (20.9 months, 95% CI: 18.3–23.5 months versus 13.0 months, 95% CI: 10.3–15.7 months in patients with low mutation abundance; P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression including age, performance status and tumor stage revealed that longer OS was independently associated with 19DEL mutation (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39–0.67, P=0.033) and high mutation abundance (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.50–0.79, P=0.027).ConclusionsEGFR mutation types and abundance was associated with the patients’ survival which might be used to predict the efficacy of targeted therapy by EGFR-TKIs.     

Evolution of ischemic stroke drug clinical trials in mainland China from 2005 to 2021

BackgroundTo assess the temporal changes in the characteristics of ischemic stroke drug clinical trials conducted in mainland China in 2005–2021.MethodsA statistical analysis of registered clinical trials on ischemic stroke was performed using the platform of the Center for Drug Evaluation of China National Medical Products Administration, the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov websites.ResultsFrom January 1, 2005 to August 1, 2021, a total of 384 registered drug clinical trials on ischemic stroke were identified in mainland China. Over time, the number of trials gradually increased each year, with a significant growth in 2014, from 16 in 2013 to 42 in 2014. Phase IV trials (31.8%) accounted for the majority, followed by phase II (16.4%), phase I (10.9%), and phase III (8.6%). In terms of sponsorship, the proportion of investigator‐initiated trials (IITs) (60.7%) was higher than industry‐sponsored trials (ISTs) (39.3%). Additionally, trials involving traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) (36.2%) accounted for the largest proportion, followed by trials involving antithrombotic therapy (19.5%) and cerebral protection agents (16.7%). Furthermore, over the past 17 years, the number of leading drug clinical trial units for ischemic stroke in mainland China has continuously increased. The leading principal units from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Liaoning accounted for the majority of the trials (67.4%).ConclusionIn the past 17 years, great progress has been made in the research and development (R&D) of drugs and clinical trials for ischemic stroke in mainland China. The most extensive progress was observed in TCMs, antithrombotic therapy, and cerebral protection agents. More clinical trials are needed to confirm whether the newly developed drugs can improve the clinical efficacy of ischemic stroke. Simultaneously, more pharmaceutical R&D efforts of innovative drugs are warranted.     

院内脓毒症风险管理系统设计与实现

介绍脓毒症防治现状及存在的问题,详细阐述应用人工智能技术构建院内脓毒症风险管理系统的方法,分析系统应用效果,指出该系统可实现患者住院期间脓毒症筛查指标、诊断指标的持续监测与及时预警。     

Investigation of Potential Use of Soybean Protein Isolate–Chinese Bayberry Tannin Extract Cross-Linked Films in Packaging Applications

The possibility of using commercial bayberry tannin (BT) from a Chinese source as a cross-linker and functional additive to develop soybean protein isolate (SPI)-based films was explored in this study by using the solvent casting method. In particular, the impacts of BT loading on the tensile strength, microstructure, thermal stability, water resistance and antioxidant capacity were fully investigated. The results reveal that SPI incorporated with BT yielded a phenolic–protein hybrid whose relevant films exhibited an improvement in tensile strength of around two times greater compared with native SPI as a result of the formed interactions and covalent cross-links, which could be proven using FTIR spectroscopy. The introduction of BT also led to the compact microstructure of SPI–BT films and enhanced the thermal stability, while the water vapor permeability was reduced compared with the control SPI film, especially at high loading content of tannin. Additionally, the use of BT significantly promoted the antioxidant capacity of the SPI-based films according to DPPH radical scavenging assay results. On this basis, Chinese bayberry tannin is considered a promising natural cross-linker and multifunctional additive that can be dedicated to developing protein-derived films with antioxidant activity for food packaging applications.     

瞬时受体电位通道家族M8亚型在大鼠偏头痛发病机制中的作用

目的　通过检测瞬时受体电位通道家族M8(TRPM8)亚型在偏头痛模型大鼠三叉神经组织中的表达变化探讨TRPM8在大鼠偏头痛发病机制中的作用。方法　将20只雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠随机分为空白对照组和模型组, 每组10只。采用颈背部每周1次皮下注射硝酸甘油(10 mg/kg)建立无先兆性偏头痛大鼠模型, 共5周; 对照组则用生理盐水代替硝酸甘油行皮下注射。最后一次皮下注射4 h后, 对各组大鼠行行为学评分, 而后采集两组大鼠颅底三叉神经节, 采用免疫组化法检测两组三叉神经节中谷氨酸受体(NMDAR)的表达变化; 采用免疫荧光检测法观察两组三叉神经节中蛋白激酶A(PKA)的表达; 采用western blot法检测TRPM8蛋白在两组中的表达情况。结果　模型组大鼠在建模过程中每周的行为学评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。模型组中NMDAR、PKA及TRPM8表达水平均高于对照组(P<0.01)。行为学评分与TRPM8表达水平呈正相关(r=0.822, P<0.01); NMDAR与TRPM8表达水平亦呈正相关(r=0.794, P<0.01)。结论 TRPM8可能参与了偏头痛的发病机制, 并且可能是通过NMDAR途径实现。