腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌Miles手术对会阴部伤口愈合的影响

目的比较腹腔镜辅助与开腹直肠癌Miles根治术对会阴部伤口愈合的影响。方法收集2008年1月至2009年12月期间我院行腹腔镜Miles根治术的54例(腹腔镜组)及行开腹Miles根治术的48例(开腹组)直肠癌患者的临床资料,比较2组患者会阴部伤口的甲级愈合率、全程手术时间、会阴部手术时间、术中出血量、术后骶前引流量及术后第3天血白蛋白水平的差异。结果 2组患者在性别、年龄、肿瘤Dukes分期、术前白蛋白水平及术前合并症方面差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组的会阴部伤口甲级愈合率(2χ=5.54,P0.05)及术后第3天血白蛋白水平(t=3.92,P0.01)均明显高于开腹组。腹腔镜组会阴部手术时间(t=6.64,P0.01)、术中出血量(t=6.05,P0.01)和术后骶前引流量(t=12.86,P0.01)均明显短于或少于开腹组。结论腹腔镜辅助Miles根治术较开腹Miles手术具有更高的会阴部伤口甲级愈合率,这可能与腹腔镜手术创伤小、出血少及会阴部手术时间更短有关。     

GC GRADIA DIRECT光固化复合树脂修复切缘缺损疗效观察

目的：应用GC GRADIA DIRECT光固化复合树脂修复切缘缺损观察病例的疗效。方法：将189颗切缘缺损牙齿应用GC GRADIA DIRECT光固化复合树脂进行修复,并经过2年的随访观察。结果：应用GC GRADIA DIRECT光固化复合树脂进行修复切缘缺损成功率为97.88%。结论：GC GRADIA DIRECT光固化纳米混合型复合树脂模仿自然牙体散射和漫反射的光学原理,实现＂隐形＂修复（变色龙效果）。同时具有良好的粘结性能,高抗压强度,良好光泽度和抛光性,长期稳定性强等特点。因此GC GRADIA DIRECT光固化复合树脂是修复前牙各类牙体缺损的理想材料。     

57例胆囊术后残留病变的防治探讨

目的研究分析胆囊术后残留病变的治疗及预防经验。方法回顾性分析我院1999年4月—2006年7月期间收治57例胆囊术后残留病变者的临床资料。结果全部病人均再次手术治疗,残余小胆囊并炎症23例,残株结石29例,残株癌变4例,1例发生残端神经瘤。其中并发胆总管结石21例,并胆内胆管结石9例。结论重视胆囊切除术,合理处理胆囊管,合理应用腹腔镜手术,正确看待小切口手术是防治胆囊术后残留病变的关键。     

强脉冲光治疗浅表(皮肤)血管瘤临床观察

目的：观察强脉冲光（IPL）治疗浅表（皮肤）血管瘤的疗效。方法：选择60例浅表（皮肤）血管瘤患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组用535nm、580nm强脉冲光治疗皮损,每三周治疗一次,三次为一个疗程;对照组采用波长为532nm的Q开关Nd：YAG激光治疗,每两周治疗一次,三次为一个疗程。观察两组皮损的治愈率、并发症等情况,并行统计学处理。结果：治疗组皮损三次治愈率明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,患处瘢痕形成及炎症性色素沉着发生率均低于对照组。结论：强脉冲光（IPLTM）治疗浅表（皮肤）血管瘤效果满意。     

腹腔镜、胆道镜联合治疗胆总管结石的临床研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆道镜胆总管探查取石的可行性、安全性及适应证。方法：对比分析腹腔镜手术组（n=20）与开腹手术组（n=20例）胆总管探查取石术的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、住院天数、术后疼痛、并发症发生率等。结果：腹腔手术组与开腹手术组手术时间分别为（133.65±16.71）min、（89.8±11.02）min,术后止痛剂使用率分别为20%、85%,术后排气时间分别为（31.15±4.98）h、（56.65±13.45）h,住院时间分别为（8.55±2.11）d、（14.95±2.96）d。以上项目两组均有统计学差异（P〈0.01）;并发症发生率分别为10%、25%,无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石术安全可靠,手术创伤小,值得临床推广。     

枸橼酸钾对三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐肾结石大鼠的预防作用

目的观察枸橼酸钾对三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐肾结石的预防作用。方法 36只雄性大鼠随机平均分为3组,A组、B组和C组,A组灌胃2 mL蒸馏水,B组灌胃三聚氰胺（30 mg/kg）和三聚氰酸（30 mg/kg）,C组灌胃三聚氰胺（30 mg/kg）、三聚氰酸（30mg/kg）和枸橼酸钾（1 g/kg）。2周后观察大鼠肾组织三聚氰胺氰尿酸结晶的形成情况。结果 C组大鼠肾内草酸钙结晶明显少于模型组（P〈0.05）。结论枸橼酸钾对预防大鼠三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐肾结石的形成有确切效果,其作用可能主要是通过增加尿中三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐结晶的溶解、排泄而达到的。     

CTGF shRNA表达质粒的构建及对大鼠肌源性干细胞CTGF表达的影响

目的 观察针对结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)所构建的短发卡RNA(shRNA)对转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导大鼠肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)表达CTGF的影响.方法 针对CTGF mRNA上的序列,体外合成表达shRNA的DNA质粒载体pGenesil-3-shRNA并行测序鉴定;从新生SD大鼠骨骼肌中分离培养MDSCs并鉴定.实验分成对照组(MDSCs+TGF-β1培养),实验组(MDSCs+ TGF-β1+pGenesil-3-shRNA培养).观察shRNA质粒转染结果.利用Real-Time PCR及Western Blot检测CTGF mRNA和CTGF蛋白表达.结果 正确构建了靶向CTG,F基因的质粒载体pCenesil-3-shCTGF;大鼠MDSCs 48 h、72h和96h时实验组的CTGF mRNA及蛋白质水平均低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 针对CTGF构建的pGenesil-3-shCTGF能够转染MDSCs,并在48h、72h和96h时能明显降低TGF-β1刺激MDSCs所产生CTGF的表达.     

不同全麻对非心脏手术患者术后认知功能影响的比较

目的 比较不同全麻对非心脏手术患者术后认知功能的影响.方法 拟行非心脏手术患者1000例,年龄18～60岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为5组(n=200):异氟醚+异丙酚+芬太尼组(IPF组)、异氟醚+瑞芬太尼组(IR组)、七氟醚+异丙酚+芬太尼组(SPF组)、七氟醚+瑞芬太尼组(SR组)和异丙酚+瑞芬太尼组(PR组).麻醉维持:IPF组和SPF组分别吸入1.68%异氟醚或1.71%七氟醚,TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2～5 μg/ml,间断静脉注射芬太尼;IR组、SR组和PR组分别吸入1.68%异氟醚或1.71%七氟醚或TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2～5 μg/ml,TCI瑞芬太尼,血浆靶浓度2～6 ng/ml.选择同期住院的非手术患者200例作为对照组(C组).于术前1 d、出麻醉恢复室时、术后1和3 d时,采用MMSE量表进行认知功能评分.于出麻醉恢复室时、术后1和3 d时,采用Z计分法评判认知功能障碍.结果 与C组比较,IPF组、IR组、SPF组、SR组和PR组出麻醉恢复室时MMSE评分降低,出麻醉恢复室时及术后1 d时认知功能障碍的发生率升高(P＜0.05);与IPF组、IR组、SPF组和PR组比较,SR组术后认知功能障碍的发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉对非心脏手术患者术后认知功能的影响较小.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the effects of methods of general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Methods One thousand ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 18-60 yr, undergoing non-cardiac surgery were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 200 each) : isoflurane + propofol + fentanyl group (group IPF); isoflurane + remifentanil group (group IR) ; sevoflurane + propofol + fentanyl group (group SPF) ; sevoflurane + remifentanil group (group SR) ; propofol + remifentanil group (group PR) . Two hundred non-operative patients served as control group (group C) . In groups IPF and SPF, anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 1.68% isoflurane or 1.71 % sevoflurane, TCI of propofol with the target plasma concentration of 2-5 μg/ml, and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl. In groups IR, SR and PR, anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 1.68% isoflurane or 1.71% sevoflurane, or TCI of propofol with the target plasma concentration of 2- 5 μg/ml, and TCI of remifentanil with the target plasma concentration of 2-6 ng/ml. The patients' cognitive function was assessed using mini-mental state examination (MMSE) at 1 d before operation, while leaving postanesthesia care unit (PACU) , and at 1 and 3 d after operation. The Z score was used to identify the cognitive dysfunction as recommended by Moller while leaving PACU, and at 1 and 3 d after operation. Results Compared with group C, the MMSE score was significantly decreased while leaving PACU , and the incidence of cognitive dysfunction increased while leaving PACU and at 1 d after operation in the other groups ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with groups IPF,IR,SPF and PR, the incidence of cognitive dysfunction was significantly increased in group SR ( P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion General anesthesia with sevoflurane combined remifentanil exerts less effect on the postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.     

非手术疗法治疗疑难腰腿痛的体会

临床上遇到难治的、复杂的腰腿痛,如巨大型腰椎间盘突出症、复杂的腰椎间盘突出症及马尾损伤等,首先要明确诊断,治疗时要根据患者的不同类型、病情轻重及复杂因素来采取针对性的非手术治疗方法,而且还要有足够的耐心,才能得到满意的疗效.根据笔者临床治疗经验,总结出疑难腰腿痛应早期诊断,早期正确治疗尤为重要.     

体外循环下小儿肌部室间隔缺损的镶嵌治疗

目的 探讨镶嵌模式(hybrid procedure)治疗小儿肌部室间隔缺损(Mvsd)的手术方法及临床应用.方法 2006年1月至2010年6月,在体外循环心内直视手术下采用手术及封堵相结合的镶嵌技术矫治小儿Mvsd 45例,其中男20例,女25例;年龄52天～12岁;体重3～32 kg.7例为单个Mvsd,38例为多发性VSD.同时合并大血管错位(D-TGA)1例、法洛四联症(TOF)2例、肺动脉狭窄(PS)3例、动脉导管未闭(PDA)6例、房间隔缺损(ASD)6例、主动脉缩窄1例.均在心脏停跳后直视下将导引钢丝经三尖瓣孔自心脏右室面穿过VSD至左室面,直视下置入导引器,然后送入封堵器,完成Mvsd封堵.多发性VSD 38例,予自体心包片修补膜周部等较大的VSD,心内其他畸形同期完成矫治.结果 42例置入单枚封堵器(直径4～10 mm)、3例置入双枚封堵器(直径4～7 mm).手术经过顺利,术前左室射血分数(EF)均在正常范围,术后1天小于8月龄组EF均值低于正常,大于8月龄组EF正常,两者差异有统计学意义.术后常规每天给予5 mg/kg肠溶阿司匹林3～6个月.术后随访超声检查示封堵器位置无偏移,无残余分流,无二尖瓣、主动脉瓣反流、Ⅲ度传导阻滞及新发心律失常等.术后因重症感染放弃治疗1例,无远期死亡病例.结论 体外循环下镶嵌技术治疗小儿 Mvsd明显降低了围手术期并发症及病死率,简化了手术过程,降低了手术风险,是一种安全、有效的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the technique and clinical experience of hybrid procedure under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD). Methods From January 2006 to June 2010, 45 cases of mVSD underwent hybrid procedure with CPB. mVSDs were closed with devices under direct vision in 45 cases. Of them, there were 20 males and 25 females. They ranged from 52 days to 12 years [mean (2.05 ±2.48) year] in age and from 3 to 30 kg [(11.93 ±7.70)kg] in body weight. Preoperatively, most of children were highly susceptible to respiratory tract infections. The hybrid approach was used in all patients with CPB under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The diameter of mVSDs ranged from 2 to 7 mm under TEE. Of 45 cases, 40 patients had increased rates of pulmonary blood flow. 29 patients had left axis deviation and 12 cases had sinus arrhythmia on electrocardiography (ECG). 19 had other congenital heart lesions, including transposition of great arteries in 1 case, tetralogy of Fallot in 2, pulmonary artery stenosis in 3, patent ductus arteriosus in 6, atrial septal defects in 6) and aorta coactation in 1. The quantity of VSDs were from 1 to 7 (single, in 7; two, in 24 case; three, in 8 case; four, in 5 case and seven, in lease. 37 patients were combined with pulmonary hypertension in our cohort. 38 patients with another large VSD and 19 with other congenital heart lesions were required surgical repair at sometime. Results The hybrid procedures were undertaken in all 45 cases of this cohort. All cases were successful and no deaths occurred during operation. A total of 48 devices were implanted in 45 patients, including single devices in 42 cases (device size ranged from 4 to 10 mm) and two devices in 3 cases (device size ranged from 4 -7 mm). The average time on CPB was (58.28 ±20.70) min , while aortic crossclamp time was(34. 94 ± 14.75) min. In addition, the time on mechanical ventilation postoperatively ranged from 2 hours to 6 days. Compared to the older children, 20 infante aged less than 8 monhad a significant difference in cardiac function in the early postoperative period. One infant was given up treatment because of serious infection. Anather cases recovered with the use of supportive treatment, such as using vasoactive agents, digoxin, inhaling nitric oxide, diuresis, and so on. The enteric-coated aspirin was given at dose of 5 mg ? kg -1. day -1 for a period of 3 to 6 months as usual postoperatively. All patients attended follow-up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years post-procedure. No major complications were encountered during this period. All cases were no instance of migration of any of the devices, residual shunt, aortic regurgitation, atrioventricular valve dysfunction, Ⅲo atrial-ventricular conduction block, new arrhythmia, and so on. There are no death in long-term follow-up. Conclusion Hybrid procedure is safe and effective for the closure of congenital heart defects in children.