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A clear, concise and straightforward discussion of CPAP is difficult to find in the existing literature. As CPAP has developed into a common therapy for patients with respiratory failure, it is essential that nurses using this therapy are familiar with the equipment and the physiological effects it produces. Assessment and management of the patient receiving CPAP therapy are also important.
This paper will address the physiological principles of CPAP therapy so that nurses working with critically ill patients receiving CPAP therapy understand the system and are accurate and astute in their respiratory assessment, in order to provide optimum care. 相似文献
Material and Methods : Twenty-nine patients participated in the original study, during which they treated their maxillary teeth with a 10% carbamide peroxide gel nightly for 2 weeks. Shades were determined before and after treatment by comparison with a Vita shade guide. Twenty-four patients (a recall rate of 83%) were recalled for evaluation 2 years after the initial bleaching treatment. The shade of the maxillary incisors was evaluated and compared with shades before, immediately after, and at 6 months and 2 years after initial treatment. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Results : At 2 years after bleaching with a 10% carbamide peroxide gel, the median shade was D2, a six-increment difference from the baseline median of D3. Twenty of 24 patients (83.3%) had a shade change of two or more units, which is the threshold value for bleaching efficacy using American Dental Association guidelines. The lightening result remained statistically significant ( p <.0001) at 2 years. 相似文献