长期培养的大鼠原代肝细胞功能和形态学观察

目的：研究大鼠原代肝细胞长期体外培养后功能和形态的变化。 方法： 采用两步胶原酶原位灌流法分离大鼠肝细胞，并用Percoll分离液进行密度梯度离心进一步纯化肝细胞，采用0.4%台盼蓝染色观察细胞活力。然后将细胞接种于HepatoZYME-SFM培养基中培养，定期收集肝细胞培养液上清检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、白蛋白、尿素氮的水平。采用乙氧基试卤灵O-脱乙基酶活性（EROD）方法检测肝细胞P450的CYPⅠA1功能。 结果： 新鲜分离的大鼠肝细胞总数（2-3）×108cells/whole liver，Percoll分离液纯化后活力和纯度在90%以上。HepatoZYME-SFM培养下肝细胞生长良好并保持正常形态。AST、ALT水平在培养3 d后下降显著，6-9 d后趋于相对稳定的低水平。白蛋白的分泌功能、尿素合成能力在18 d内维持在较高水平。可在3-6 d检测到CYPⅠA1酶活性。 结论： Percoll液纯化新分离肝细胞可提高其活率和纯度，HepatoZYME-SFM培养条件下肝细胞可有效保持良好形态结构和一定的生物合成代谢能力，适合肝细胞的体外长期培养和功能研究。     

针刺穴位后超声监测胆囊收缩功能诊断胆囊炎探讨

目的:超声监测胆囊在针刺穴位后的收缩功能,借此对胆囊炎进行诊断。方法:对临床上已经确诊的51例胆囊炎病例进行超声检查,并测量相关径线,然后运用针刺相关穴位,使胆囊收缩,在针刺后10 min2、0 min、30 min分别进行超声检查,测量相关径线,然后运用胆囊容积计算公式计算出收缩前后胆囊容积,计算胆囊收缩功能。随机抽取与病例组年龄范围相同的25例健康成年人,在针刺穴位胆囊收缩前后进行超声检查,计算胆囊收缩功能,以进行正常对照。将病例组与正常对照组作两样本均数比较的t检验。结果:病例组针刺穴位后的胆囊收缩功能明显低于正常组(t<0.01)。结论:超声监测胆囊在针刺穴位后的收缩功能,可以对胆囊炎进行诊断,并且具有无损伤、痛苦小、病人易接受、可重复等优点,是一种很有发展潜力的中西医结合诊断方法。     

Youth Tobacco Access and Possession Policy Interventions: Effects on Observed and Perceived Tobacco Use

This study evaluated the effects of tobacco Purchase, Use and Possession (PUP) laws on student perceptions of adolescent tobacco use within towns and schools. Twenty‐four towns were randomly assigned into two conditions, the experimental condition (E PUP) involved efforts to increase both PUP law enforcement and reduce minors' access to commercial sources of tobacco, whereas the control condition (C) focused only on efforts to reduce minors' access to commercial sources of tobacco. A hierarchical linear modeling analytical approach was selected due to the multilevel data and nested design. The present study found that over time, youth in the experimental PUP condition observed less youth tobacco usage at school and in their town, and perceived lower rates of tobacco among their peers at school and among friends than youth in the control condition. The findings suggest that PUP law enforcement might be used to strengthen community norms against youth tobacco use.     

多节段髓内星形细胞瘤的临床研究

目的 探讨不同年龄段、恶性程度不同的多节段髓内星形细胞瘤患者的诊治特点.方法 21例多节段(3个椎体节段以上)髓内星形细胞瘤患者均行后正中入路显微镜下肿瘤切除术,以UOA分值差(术后UOA和术前UOA差值)评估手术效果.以Logistic回归和多元线性同归分析统计学数据.结果 肿瘤性质直接影响肿瘤的切除程度(X2=10.41,P=0.03),高度恶性肿瘤只能大部切除或减压.年龄(X2=12.53,P=0.01)、肿瘤性质(X2=16.44,P=0.002)和部位(X2=27.12,P=0.04)影响近期手术效果(UOA分值差);青少年患者、低度恶性肿瘤手术效果较好,单纯累及胸段的患者手术效果差.结论 低度恶性或青少年多节段髓内星形细胞瘤患者应尽早手术,术后疗效满意.     

调节血脂:来自心脏病学者的经验

本刊2009年第1期重点为:调脂治疗.目前以3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酶抑制药即他汀类药物为代表的调脂治疗,已被公认为心脑血管疾病的常规治疗方法;它们通过抑制体内胆固醇合成途径而降低血清胆固醇水平.     

新生儿出生信息样本分析

目的:了解和探讨新生儿出生信息的分布态势及规律。方法:对本院2006年1~6月间所有新生儿出生信息进行样本分析。结果:半年间分娩的新生儿共1075例,其中死亡19例,双胞胎15例,以1028例单胎活产新生儿的出生体重、胎龄及产妇年龄作为研究样本进行分析,统计数据与传统意义上的正常胎龄和新生儿体重基本相符,胎龄、体重均值均有所提高。结论:孕产妇的健康状况和新生儿的体质均有所改善,随胎龄的增加,新生儿出生体重亦随之增加,并且,目前新生儿的整体统计体重要大于现有的临床指标,因此,应对现有的临床指标进行适当调整,重新确定低出生体重儿和巨大儿的临床指标。     

维生素D受体基因多态性与汉族人群慢性牙周炎易感性的关系

目的 探讨维生素D受体(VDR)基因多态性与汉族人群慢性牙周炎(CP)易感性的关系。方法 收集汉族轻、中、重度CP患者共166例及80名无牙周炎对照者的颊黏膜拭子，以Chelex-100法提取DNA，采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法测定VDR BsmI、VDR ApaI和VDR TaqI的基因型，分析组间基因型分布和等位基因频率的差异。结果 轻、中、重度CP患者中VDR ApaI等位基因A携带者明显多于对照组，重度CP与中度CP、重度CP与轻度CP患者间VDR ApaI基因型的分布差异均有统计学意义，中度CP与轻度CP患者间VDR ApaI基因型分布差异无统计学意义，而VDR BsmI、TaqI位点的基因型分布在患者组和对照组间差异无统计学意义。结论 VDR ApaI等位基因A可能与汉族人群CP的易感性有关。     

Crystal and molecular structure of l-valyl-l-lysine hydrochloride

l -Valyl-l -lysine hydrochloride, C₁₁N₃O₃H₂₃ HCl, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2, with a = 5.438(5), b = 14.188(5), c = 9.521(5) Å, β= 95.38(2)° and Z = 2. The crystal structure, solved by direct methods, refined to R = 0.036, using full matrix least-squares method. The peptide exists in a zwitterionic form, with the N atom of the lysine side-chain protonated. The two γ-carbons of the valine side-chain have positional disorder, giving rise to two conformations, χ¹¹₁= -67.3 and 65.9°, one of which (65.9°) is sterically less favourable and has been found to be less popular amongst residues branching at β-C. The lysine side-chain has the geometry of g^? tgt, not seen in crystal structures of the dipeptides reported so far. Interestingly, χ³₂ (63.6°) of lysine side-chain has a gauche⁺ conformation unlike in most of the other structures, where it is trans. The neighbouring peptide molecules are hydrogen bonded in a head-to-tail fashion, a rather uncommon interaction in lysine peptide structures. The structure shows considerable similarity with that of l -Lys-l -Val HO in conformational angles and H-bond interactions [4].