Barriers to follow‐up of abnormal screening mammograms among low‐income minority women

Objective. To describe factors related to compliance diagnostic follow‐up among minority women of low socioeconomic status with abnormal screening mammograms.

Methods. A retrospective cross‐sectional survey using a structured telephone interview. Three cancer screening clinics at an urban inner‐city public hospital. All women with abnormal screening mammograms between September 1990 and January 1992 were eligible; women were interviewed in August 1992. Abnormal mammograms were those requiring specific, non‐routine clinical follow‐up; non‐compliance was defined as delayed follow‐up (four to six months after the date of the mammogram), or no follow‐up at the time of interview (more than 6 months after abnormal).

Results. Sixty‐two of 442 screened women had abnormal results; the overall rate of non‐compliance with follow‐up was 50%. Among the 42 (68%) women who agreed to be interviewed, non‐compliers were less likely to state that they had been told to receive follow‐up than compilers (65% versus 100%; p = 0.008). Non‐compliant women were less likely to have suspicious mammography interpretations (p = 0.05), and more likely to report barriers to follow‐up, such as cost of lost wages and medical care, system barriers, or fears, than compliant women (61.9% versus 9%, p = 0.01). There were no differences between the two groups for age, education, insurance, source of care, family history, knowledge or attitudes.

Conclusions. These preliminary results suggest that follow‐up of low income, minority women with abnormal screening mammograms could be enhanced by improved communication of results. Future studies should extend these findings with larger samples and in other settings and populations.     

Comparative study of hydrogen and aminopyrine clearance methods for determination of gastric mucosal blood flow in dogs

Effects of pentagastrin, histamine, PGI₂, and vasopressin on gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) in innervated stomachs of anesthetized dogs were measured by means of the hydrogen clearance method, using a contact electrode. The results were compared with findings obtained with the aminopyrine (AP) clearance method in Heidenhain pouch preparations. Pentagastrin at 2 and 8 g/kg/hr had no effects on GMBF, as measured by the hydrogen clearance method, but there was a marked increase in GMBF when the AP clearance method was used. Histamine at 40 or 160 g/kg/hr tended to reduce or significantly reduced GMBF when measured with the hydrogen clearance method, but there was a significant increase in GMBF with the AP clearance method. Both PGI₂ (3 or 30 g/kg/hr) and vasopressin (0.06 or 0.25 units/kg/hr) reduced GMBF as determined by both methods. These results indicate that the hydrogen clearance method is advantageous for detecting regional GMBF but is disadvantageous when attempting to detect the effects of agents which increase GMBF.The Editor wishes to express publicly his regrets to the authors that the editorial planned to highlight this paper will not appear until next month. He particularly apologizes for the long delay in publishing after the paper had been accepted in anticipation of the editorial to appear in the same issue.     

Reading, Demographic, Social and Psychological Factors Related to Pre-adolescent Smoking and Non-smoking Behaviors and Attitudes

The purpose of this study was to examine reading, demographic, social and psychological factors related to pre-adolescent smoking and non-smoking behaviors and attitudes. The school-home humanistic education program was implemented in a large, urban public school system. It stressed responsible decision-making, increased self-esteem and the inter-relationships among the acquisition of knowledge of the consequences of smoking, personal feelings, family relationships and behavior. The results showed that family involvement was necessary to affect smoking attitudes and behaviors. Of all the variables studied, reading had a most pervasive relationship. Peer influence and self-esteem also were related to smoking knowledge, smoking attitude, future smoking intentions and the "purchase" of cigarettes. Two of several conclusions drawn from the results are: 1. Family involvement is necessary to affect attitudes and behaviors. 2. Health education research that does not investigate the relationship between program outcomes and reading achievement may be misleading.     

冰醋酸涂剂稳定性研究

目的：研究冰醋酸涂剂的稳定性。方法：采用酸碱中和分析法和气相色谱法分别对醋酸与其不稳定产物乙酸乙酯运行定量测定。结果：在放置过程中醋酸含量下降，而乙酸乙酯含量增加。结论：《中国医院制剂规范》第2版收载的冰醋酸涂剂不稳定。     

HPLC测定13种白芷中欧前胡素和异欧前胡素的含量

目的：建立一种控制白芷药材质量的方法。方法采用HPLC法，甲醇-水(70：30)为流动相，检测波长254nm。结果：欧前胡素在0．974-3．896μg范围内线性关系良好；异欧前胡素在0.360-2．640μg范围内线性关系良好。精密度及加样回收率良好。结论：该方法准确、迅速、重复性好，可用于白芷药材的质量控制。     

HPLC测定新疆贯叶金丝桃中金丝桃素的含量

目的　建立测定新疆贯叶金丝桃中金丝桃素含量的测定方法。方法　采用HPLC法 ,KromasilODS - 1色谱柱 (4 .6mm× 2 0 0mm ,5 μm) ,流动相为甲醇 -pH 6 .5磷酸盐缓冲液 (90∶10 ) ,流速 1ml·min- 1 ,柱温 4 0℃ ,检测波长 5 88nm。结果　金丝桃素和其他组分可达基线分离 ,线性范围为 0 .0 16 5～ 0 .0 82 5 μg(r=0 .9999) ,平均回收率为 10 1.1% ,RSD =3.7% (n =9)。 结论　本法操作简便快速 ,灵敏准确。新疆贯叶金丝桃药材中金丝桃素的含量略高于美国药典的要求。     

苦参素对肝星状细胞增殖及I型胶原合成的影响

目的：研究苦参素对肝星状细胞增殖及I型胶原合成的影响，阐明其抗肝纤维化的作用机制。方法：采用袁桃霞等的肝星状细胞的分离方法和MTT法（甲基噻唑基四唑，metyl thiazolyl tetronzolium）及ABC免疫酶染色方法分别检测肝星状细胞增殖及I型胶原合成的影响。结果：苦参素能明显抑制肝星状细胞的增殖及I型胶原的合成，并呈剂量依赖性。     

丙酸睾酮埋植剂在家兔体内的药动学研究

 目的观察丙酸睾酮埋植剂在家兔体内的释放过程，同时进行药动学研究。方法将自制的丙酸睾酮埋植剂植入家兔皮下，用RIA方法检测血清中睾酮含量，并用3P87软件估算了药动学参数。结果丙酸睾酮埋植剂在家兔体内释放过程符合一房室模型，c_max为4.65 ng·mL^-1，t_max为4.12 h。取出埋植剂后，血药浓度下降迅速，t_1/2为0.24 h，清除率123.88 mL·h^-1。结论认为用硅胶囊控制丙酸睾酮在动物体内的释放是可行的。     

黄龙汤对动物肠运动的影响

目的：探讨黄龙汤对实验动物肠运动的作用。方法：采用肠管运动在体实验法测定排便时间及频度和肠推进运动．肠管运动的离体实验法测定动物不同肠段运动情况。结果：黄龙汤能使动物排便时间增快，次数增加，便稀且不成形。能明显促进动物在体肠推进运动。能增加动物离体回肠蠕动作用，对离体十二指肠及结肠则显示明显的抑制作用．且这种作用能被Ach短暂拮抗。结论：黄龙汤对实验动物有明显的泻下作用。可能是由于黄龙汤有促进动物肠肌运动的结果。对十二指肠及结肠显示的这种抑制作用表明本方在致泻的同时，可能有解痉止痛作用。     

钩藤总生物碱提取溶剂的选择探讨

[目的]选出提取钩藤总生物碱的适宜溶剂；[方法]用不同的溶剂对钩藤的总生物碱进行提取；[结果]溶剂不同,提取的总生物碱量不同；[结论]乙醚是提取钩藤总生物碱的适宜溶剂。