心理群体干预对缓解体外受精妇女焦虑作用的随机对照研究

目的：评价东部身体-智力-精神（EBMS）群体干预对进行体外受精（IVF）的中国妇女焦虑缓解的作用。设计：随机对照研究。机构：三级辅助生殖机构。受试者：227例接受第1个IVF周期治疗的妇女。干预：干预组（n=69）接受4次EBMS群体咨询，而对照组（n=115）无任何干预。主要观察指标：状态-特质焦虑问卷。结果：与对照组相比，干预组在干预后状态焦虑平均分显著下降。每组移植同样数目的卵子，但干预组没有明显更高妊娠率的倾向。     

The Impact of Community Diversity and Consolidated Inequality on Dropping Out of High School

Abstract: Data from the National Education Longitudinal Study were combined with census data at the zip code level to examine the impact of neighborhood racial and ethnic diversity and consolidated inequality, in addition to individual, family, and school factors, on the likelihood of dropping out of high school. Results indicate that while the effects for diversity and consolidated inequality did not support the stated hypotheses, main effects for family risk and prior academic achievement were significant and in the stated direction. Also, when controlling for individual, family, school, and neighborhood characteristics, African Americans were less likely than White students to drop out of school. Implications for contextual effects research and educational outcomes are discussed.     

Pharmacokinetics of Moxifloxacin in Rabbits After Intravenous,Subcutaneous and a Long‐acting Poloxamer 407 Gel Formulation Administration

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of moxifloxacin in healthy white New Zealand rabbits was studied following intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administration routes as well as a SC long‐acting poloxamer 407 gel formulation (SC‐P407). Moxifloxacin concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography assay with fluorescence detection. Mean half‐life for IV, SC and SC‐P407 routes was 2.15, 5.41 and 11.09 h. Clearance value after IV dosing was 0.78 l/kg/h. After SC administration, the mean absolute bioavailability was 117% and the C_max was 1.61 ± 0.49 mg/l. After SC‐P407 administration, the bioavailability was 44% and the C_max 1.83 was ±0.62 mg/l. No adverse effects were observed in any of the rabbits following IV, SC and SC‐P407 administration of moxifloxacin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of moxifloxacin against different strains of Staphylococcus aureus from different european countries were used to compute the main pharmacodynamic (PD) surrogate markers of efficacy. The high tolerability of this SC‐P407 formulation and the favourable PK behaviour such as the long half‐life, acceptable bioavailability and excellent PK–PD ratios achieved indicate that it is likely to be effective in rabbits.     

Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with tuberculosis in Indonesia.

SETTING: Diabetes mellitus is a known risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), but no studies have been reported from South-East Asia, which has a high burden of TB and a rapidly growing prevalence of diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To examine if and to what extent diabetes is associated with an increased risk of TB in an urban setting in Indonesia. DESIGN: Case-control study comparing the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (fasting blood glucose level >126 mg/dl) among newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients and matched neighbourhood controls. RESULTS: Patients and control subjects had a similar age (median 30 years) and sex distribution (52% male), but malnutrition was more common among TB patients (median body mass index 17.7 vs. 21.5 kg/m2). HIV infection was uncommon (1.5% of patients). Diabetes mellitus was present in 60 of 454 TB patients (13.2%) and 18 of 556 (3.2%) control subjects (OR 4.7; 95%CI 2.7-8.1). Adjustment for possible confounding factors did not reduce the risk estimates. Following anti-tuberculosis treatment, hyperglycaemia reverted in a minority (3.7%) of TB patients. CONCLUSION: Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with TB in young and non-obese subjects in an urban setting in Indonesia. This may have implications for TB control and patient care in this region.     

A presenilin 1 mutation (L420R) in a family with early onset Alzheimer disease,seizures and cotton wool plaques,but not spastic paraparesis

Over 100 mutations in the presenilin‐1 gene (PSEN1) have been shown to result in familial early onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD), but only a relatively few give rise to plaques with an appearance like cotton wool (CWP) and/or spastic paraparesis (SP). A family with EOAD, seizures and CWP was investigated by neuropathological study and DNA sequencing of the PSEN1 gene. Aβ was identified in leptomeningeal vessels and in cerebral plaques. A single point mutation, p.L420R (g.1508T > G) that gives rise to a missense mutation in the eighth transmembrane (TM8) domain of PS1 was identified in two affected members of the family. p.L420R (g.1508T > G) is the mutation responsible for EOAD, seizures and CWP without SP in this family.     

Rostral anterior cingulate cortex activity in the theta band predicts response to antidepressive medication.

During the last 10 years the knowledge about rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity in major depression has substantially increased. Several groups have independently described a relationship between resting activity in this area and response to antidepressant treatment. We have recently confirmed a relationship between resting activity of rostral ACC activity and response in a group of 20 patients with major depression using resting theta activity. In this earlier study regions of interest (ROI) were defined in order to establish regional specificity. Differences between responders and nonresponders were only found in the ACC-ROI, but not in the posterior cingulate region. We have now reanalyzed our data using a whole brain voxelwise approach, in order not to miss any other relevant functional differences. In addition to major differences between responders and nonresponders in the rostral ACC, we have identified a nearby region in the midline orbito-frontal region.