Hypermetabolism associated with worse prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Journal of Neurology - Exploration of hypermetabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with different ethnicities is needed to understand its metabolic implications for clinical management....     

阿尔茨海默病疾病修饰药物研发述评

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的神经系统变性疾病之一,疾病负担沉重。目前 AD 发病机 制未明,缺乏能够逆转或延缓疾病进展的疾病修饰药物。现阐述基于 AD 主要发病机制学说的疾病修 饰药物研究,包括以Aβ、tau或其他生物标志物为靶点及老药新用的药物试验。其中,绝大部分药物试 验终止于研发或临床试验进程的某一阶段,也有一些正在进行。AD发病机制研究与疾病修饰药物研发 之间是互相促进和验证的关系,基础研究的突破有可能为药物研发带来新的希望,而某个方向药物试验 的成败又是对其理论基础的检验。从探索 AD 致病机制,到研发疾病修饰药物,至广泛临床应用的道路 仍然漫长。     

股骨头部分置换术精准微创治疗中老年ARCO Ⅲ期股骨头缺血坏死的有限元分析

目的通过有限元分析,初步评估股骨头部分置换术后股骨与内植物模型的应力分布和位移。 方法选择一名成年健康志愿者,获取股骨全长CT扫描数据,利用Mimics 20.0软件、Geomagic软件及UG NX 12.0软件建立股骨头缺血坏死模型,骨隧道切除股骨头坏死区域后装配设计开发的股骨头假体,模拟单腿站立环境进行有限元仿真模拟,获取股骨与内植物模型的应力分布和位移数据。 结果股骨应力分布主要集中在股骨颈下方和股骨干皮质骨两侧,最大应力为48.25 Mpa,最大位移为10.98 mm。内植物模型的应力主要分布在金属内植物主体结构下方,最大应力为147.2 Mpa,最大位移为9.58 mm。 结论股骨头部分置换后,假体头与股骨头曲率一致,应力传导模式与正常侧髋关节一致,但在假体头与茎部连接处发生应力集中,应重点考虑选择更大强度的材料。     

儿童机器人辅助腹腔镜下Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌根治术的初步探讨

目的探讨儿童机器人辅助腹腔镜下Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌根治术的安全及疗效性。 方法回顾性分析2017至2019年我院采用机器人辅助腹腔镜下对Xp11.2易位型肾癌患儿行肾癌根治术的临床资料,并结合国内外文献对本病的流行病学特点、临床表现、病理、影像及治疗和预后进行总结分析。 结果2例患儿,年龄分别为4岁5个月及6岁3个月,男性、女性各1例,主诉均为无痛性肉眼血尿,超声、CT及磁共振提示左肾占位。通过机器人辅助腹腔镜下完成根治性肾切除手术,未中转开放。术后病理检查报告肿瘤剖面灰黄色,质软,主要由透明细胞组成,瘤细胞伴有嗜酸性颗粒胞浆,组成巢状结构,透明变性的结节内可见散在砂粒体。免疫组化显示TEF3（+）,CD10（+）,CK（-）,WT1（-）,Vimentin（-）,EMA（-）,Ki-67（+2%）,Bcl-2（+）,CD34（-）,S100（-）,DES（-）,CD99（-）,INI-1（+）,符合Xp11.2易位型肾癌。术后给予定期随访,未见肿瘤复发及转移。 结论机器人辅助腹腔镜下肾癌根治术可以安全、有效地应用于儿童早期Xp11.2易位型肾癌的治疗。     

上调的miR-452-5p抑制RORα的表达并促进肝癌细胞的增殖和迁移

为了探究肝细胞癌中miR-452-5p对患者预后生存的影响及其对肝癌细胞增殖、迁移的作用。采用肿瘤基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库中肝细胞肝癌数据集对miR-452-5p进行差异表达分析和Kaplan-Meier生存分析。采用TargetscanHuman和miRDB靶基因数据库对miR-452-5p靶基因进行预测;采用基因差异表达分析和加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）的方法对数据集GSE14520进行分析计算。用Lipofectmine-2000将miR-452-5p模拟物、模拟物阴性对照和miR-452-5p抑制剂、抑制剂阴性对照分别转染到Huh7细胞中。分别采用RT-qPCR和Western blot实验,检测4组细胞中RORα在mRNA和蛋白水平上的表达情况。采用CCK-8、Transwell实验,检测4组细胞的增殖活力以及迁移能力。双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证Huh7细胞中miR-452-5p与RORα的调控关系。经TCGA数据分析,miR-452-5p在肝癌组织中高表达且显著影响患者预后总生存期。通过miRNA靶基因预测、基因差异表达分析、WGCNA分析,筛选出关键基因ROR...     

Association between the clinical classification of hypothyroidism and reduced TSH in LT4 supplemental replacement treatment for pregnancy in China

The study was aimed to evaluate the effects of levothyroxine (LT4) supplemental replacement treatment for pregnancy and analyze the associations between the clinical classification of hypothyroidism and reduced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in LT4 therapy. Totally, 195 pregnant women with hypothyroidism receiving routine prenatal care were enrolled. They were categorized into three groups: overt hypothyroidism (OH), subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with negative thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb), and SCH with positive TPOAb. The association between the clinical classification and reduced TSH in LT4 supplemental replacement treatment was assessed. The results indicated that reduced TSH was significantly different among the groups according to the clinical classifications (p?=?0.043). The result was also significantly different between patients with OH and patients with SCH and negative TPOAb (p?=?0.036). Similar result was reported for the comparison between patients with OH and patients with SCH and positive TPOAb (p?=?0.016). Multiple variable analyses showed that LT4 supplementation, gestational age and the variable of clinical classifications were associated with reduced TSH independently. Our data suggested that the therapeutic effect of substitutive treatment with LT4 was significantly associated with different clinical classifications of hypothyroidism in pregnancy and the treatment should begin as soon as possible after diagnosis.     

Very Long-term Outcomes and Predictors of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Patients with Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease

Background:

There are limited data on longer-term outcomes (>5 years) for patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the drug-eluting stents (DES) era. This study aimed at comparing the long-term (>5 years) outcomes of patients with ULMCA disease underwent PCI with DES and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the predictors of adverse events.

Methods:

All consecutive patients with ULMCA disease treated with DES implantation versus CABG in our center, between January 2003 and July 2009, were screened for analyzing. A propensity score analysis was carried out to adjust for potential confounding between the two groups.

Results:

Nine hundred and twenty-two patients with ULMCA disease were enrolled for the analyses (DES = 465 vs. CABG = 457). During the median follow-up of 7.1 years (interquartile range 5.3–8.2 years), no difference was found between PCI and CABG in the occurrence of death (P = 0.282) and the composite endpoint of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke (P = 0.294). Rates of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were significantly higher in the PCI group (P = 0.014) in large part because of the significantly higher rate of repeat revascularization (P < 0.001). PCI was correlated with the lower occurrence of stroke (P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed ejection fraction (EF) (P = 0.012), creatinine (P = 0.016), and prior stroke (P = 0.031) were independent predictors of the composite endpoint of cardiac death, MI, and stroke in the DES group, while age (P = 0.026) and EF (P = 0.002) were independent predictors in the CABG group.

Conclusions:

During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, there was no difference in the rate of death between PCI with DES implantation and CABG in ULMCA lesions in the patient cohort. CABG group was observed to have significantly lower rates of repeat revascularization but higher stroke rates compared with PCI. EF, creatinine, and prior stroke were independent predictors of the composite endpoint of cardiac death, MI, and stroke in the DES group, while age and EF were independent predictors in the CABG group.     

应用CNASCL-36标准评估HBVDNA定量检测试剂的抗干扰能力

目的评估乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)定量检测试剂的抗干扰能力。方法选择临界值、低值、中值和高值HBV DNA阳性血清样本,采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,q-RT-PCR)技术检测1.63~17.25 g/L的血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)或26.55~497.50μmol/L的总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)对HBV DNA阳性样本检测结果的干扰,依据中国合格评定国家认可委员会(China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment,CNAS)CL-36中的评价标准:偏差大于等于±7.5%时,判断检测结果受到干扰。结果当Hb浓度为7.75~17.25 g/L时,各样本均受到干扰;当Hb≤3.50 g/L时,各样本均未受到干扰。当TBIL浓度为274.60~399.15μmol/L时,仅HBV DNA=2.24×108IU/m L的样本检测未受到干扰;当TBIL=153.55μmol/L时,仅HBV DNA=4.62×102IU/m L的样本检测受到干扰;当TBIL=26.55μmol/L时,各样本均未受到干扰。结论该HBV DNA定量检测试剂具有一定的抗干扰能力:Hb≤3.50 g/L、TBIL≤26.55μmol/L对检测结果没有影响。     

Mid-term follow-up surgical results in 284 cases of clival chordomas: the risk factors for outcome and tumor recurrence

Objective

Skull base chordoma (SBC) is rare and one of the most challenging diseases to treat. We aimed to assess the optimal timing of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) and to evaluate the factors that influence resection and long-term outcomes.

Methods

In total, 284 patients with 382 surgeries were enrolled in this retrospective study. Postsurgically, 64 patients underwent RT before recurrence (pre-recurrence RT), and 47 patients underwent RT after recurrence. During the first attempt to achieve gross-total resection (GTR), when the entire tumor was resected, 268 patients were treated with an endoscopic midline approach, and 16 patients were treated with microscopic lateral approaches. Factors associated with the success of GTR were identified using χ² and logistic regression analyses. Risk factors associated with chordoma-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated with the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

In total, 74.6% of tumors were marginally resected [GTR (40.1%), near-total resection (34.5%)]. History of surgery, large tumor volumes, and tumor locations in the lower clivus were associated with a lower GTR rate. The mean follow-up period was 43.9 months. At the last follow-up, 181 (63.7%) patients were alive. RT history, histologic subtype (dedifferentiated and sarcomatoid), non-GTR, no postsurgical RT, and the presence of metastasis were associated with poorer CSS. Patients with pre-recurrence RT had the longest PFS and CSS, while patients without postsurgical RT had the worst outcome.

Conclusion

GTR is the goal of initial surgical treatment. Pre-recurrence RT would improve outcome regardless of GTR.