发育性髋关节发育不良超声检查指南质量控制要点分析

发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)是髋臼发育不良、髋关节半脱位及髋关节脱位疾患的统称[1].20世纪80年代之前,该疾病被称为先天性髋关节脱位,由于该疾患与生长发育密切相关,1992年北美骨科年会将其更名为DDH.DDH是小儿骨科最常见的髋关节疾患,出生...     

以人文素养为导向的《护理美学》多样化考核方法的探讨

目的：从《护理美学》课程对护生人文素养培养角度出发,探索一个被师生共同认可的多样化考核方法。方法选择上海中医药大学护理学院2012及2013级护理本科学生,根据其特点及课程大纲安排设计考核方案,采用小组作业、形体训练和综合场景训练等多方面综合考核方法,课程结束后对学生进行问卷调查。结果在考核方案的认可情况上,最受欢迎的是情景演示,占44．3％;其次是护理礼仪考核和病房设计作业考核,分别占26．7％和23．3％;论文写作最不受欢迎,占5．7％。认为考核内容能全面或尚可反映教学效果的占93．9％,认为考核方式能体现教学效果的占84．2％,认为各部分考核方式合适或一般的占92．2％。在课程内容上,男女生对理论讲授和情境展示的喜欢程度比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2值分别为0．027,1．079;P＞0．05）;对于礼仪训练、化妆课等的喜好方面,男女生比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2值为6．339～57．295;P＜0．05）。结论多样化的考核方式更能体现《护理美学》对护生人文素养培养的效果。     

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are fibrous networks which protrude from the membranes of activated neutrophils. NETs are found in a variety of conditions such as infection, malignancy, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), psoriasis, and gout. Studies suggest that an imbalance between “NETosis,” which is a process by which NETs are formed, and NET degradation may be associated with autoimmune diseases. Neutrophils, interleukin-8, ANCA and other inflammatory molecules are considered to play a key role in NET formation. Prolonged exposure to NETs-related cascades is associated with autoimmunity and increases the chance of systemic organ damage. In this review, we discuss the roles of various inflammatory molecules in relation to NETs. We also describe the role of NETs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and discuss the possibility of using targeted therapies directed to NETs and associated molecules to treat autoimmune diseases.     

Decreased TLR4 expression on monocytes may cause regulatory T cells abnormality in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease with many immune dysfunctions including T helper type 1 cell (Th1) polarization and regulatory T cells (Tregs) deficiency. This study aimed to determine the effects of TLR4 on Treg differentiation and the cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with ITP. We found that expression of TLR4 on monocytes was significantly decreased in patients with active ITP than that in healthy controls and it had positive correlation with platelet count. However, there was no expression of TLR4 on CD4⁺ T cells. The result of further experiments in vitro showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation could enhance TLR4 expression on monocytes. Additionally, activation of TLR4 with LPS could promote differentiation of Treg cells and anti-TLR4 attenuated this effect. There was no significant difference about Th17 cells among three subgroups. However, the Th17/Treg cell ratio was decreased after stimulation with LPS and increased with anti-TLR4. Moreover, activation of TLR4 with LPS could significantly promote the secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1), while anti-TLR4 significantly suppressed the secretion of them. Nevertheless, the secretion of IL-17A did not reach the statistical difference among three subgroups. In summary, decreased TLR4 appears to cause Tregs abnormality in ITP by modulating Tregs differentiation and immunoregulatory cytokines.     

慢性间断性缺氧对雄仔鼠肝胰岛素样生长因子-1基因组蛋白修饰的作用

目的:研究慢性间断性缺氧(CIH)时新生雄仔鼠肝形态学改变及胰岛素样生长因子-l(IGF-1)基因表达,探讨其表观遗传学分子机制.方法:将怀孕SD大鼠分为正常呼吸组(对照组)和间断缺氧组(缺氧组),建立CIH大鼠模型.分娩后取对照组和缺氧组1 d雄仔鼠肝组织,用电子显微镜观察肝组织的超微结构,免疫蛋白印迹和免疫组织化学...     

关节置换术后假体周围感染临床诊断与治疗的研究现状

目的:总结髋、膝关节置换术后假体周围感染(PJI)的临床诊断,以及保留假体清创术和翻修手术治疗PJI的研究现状。方法:在中国知网、万方数据、PubMed等中、英文数据库,以"假体周围感染""诊断""清创""再手术"以及"periprosthetic joint infection""diagnosi""debridem...     

一例早发癫痫性脑病42型患儿的临床表型及基因变异分析

目的探讨一例早发癫痫性脑病42型患儿的基因型与表型特征。方法详细询问患儿的病史,结合其临床表型、影像学及遗传学特征进行临床诊断,并对其父母进行Sanger测序验证,明确致病变异的来源。结果患儿无意识头向一侧轻度歪斜,眼球向同侧斜视,脑电图异常放电。磁共振成像显示左额后皮层可疑异常信号,伴右侧上颌窦及筛窦炎症。全外显子组测序提示患儿携带CACNA1A基因c.5789G>A杂合变异,Sanger测序提示父母双方并未携带相同的变异,提示其为新发变异。结论先证者CACNA1A基因c.5789G>A杂合变异可能是导致其早发癫痫性脑病42型的原因。     

Taraxacum officinale inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from rat astrocytes

Substance P (SP) can stimulate production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of Taraxacum officinale (TO) on the production of TNF-alpha from primary cultures of rat astrocytes. TO (100 and 1000 microg/ml) significantly inhibited the TNF-alpha production by astrocytes stimulated with LPS and SP. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been shown to elevate TNF-alpha production from LPS-stimulated astrocytes while having no effect on astrocytes in the absence of LPS. We therefore examined whether IL-1 mediated inhibition of TNF-alpha production from primary astrocytes by TO. Treatment of TO (100 and 1000 microg/ml) to astrocytes stimulated with both LPS and SP decreased IL-1 production significantly. Moreover, the production of TNF-alpha by LPS and SP in astrocytes was progressively inhibited with increasing amount of IL-1 neutralizing antibody. Our results suggest that TO may inhibit TNF-alpha production by inhibiting IL-1 production and that TO has an antiinflammatory activity in the central nervous system.     

有氧运动联合康复护理干预在乳腺癌术后淋巴水肿的应用效果

目的 探讨有氧运动联合康复护理干预乳腺癌术后淋巴水肿的应用效果.方法 选取2018年1月至2020年1月间于首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院住院治疗的120例乳腺癌根治术后淋巴水肿患者纳入研究,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和康复组,每组各60例,对照组实施常规临床护理;康复组在常规护理基础上运用有氧运动联合康复护理干预;...     

Antimycobacterial activity of Pichia pastoris-derived mature bovine neutrophil β-defensins 5

Tuberculosis (TB) is an ongoing threat to global health, and the lack of effective therapies for treating it is also a global problem. Previous studies have shown that human cathelicidin and defensins have effective antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium spp. To our knowledge, there are no reports on the antimycobacterial effects of bovine neutrophil β-defensins so far. Here, we identified the antimicrobial effect of mature bovine neutrophil β-defensins (mBNBD) 5 against Mycobacterium infection both in vitro and in vivo. The mBNBD5 protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. To increase the yield of β-defensins, a purification method was employed by adding a 6-His·tag to the C-terminus of the mBNBD5 gene. Our results indicated that recombinant mBNBD5 protein was successfully expressed and purified from Pichia pastoris with intact antimicrobial activity. The recombinant protein exhibited potent bactericidal activity in vitro against M. smegmatis and M. bovis, with a dose-dependent manner and a time-dependent manner. The electron microscope results showed that the bacterial cell wall of M. bovis was disrupted when incubated with mBNBD5 for 72 h. Our data also indicated that the exogenous addition of mBNBD5 could reduce the survival of Mycobacterium spp., especially M. tuberculosis and M. bovis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results provide foundations for the development of mBNBD5 as a potential new therapeutic agent for TB treatment.