儿童活体和心脏死亡供肝移植术后环孢素A剂量比较分析

目的：总结我院成人亲属活体供肝移植（living related liver transplantation,LRLT）和心脏死亡供肝（donation after cardiac death,DCD）移植术后环孢素A（cyclosporine A,Cs A）使用情况,探索LRLT和DCD术后儿童Cs A剂量是否有差别,为儿童肝移植术后Cs A的使用剂量提供参考。方法：总结我院2006年6月至2013年5月期间完成的儿童肝移植术后以Cs A为基础免疫抑制剂的20例临床资料。分析LTLT和DCD肝移植儿童术后Cs A的用药剂量和差异。结果：LRLT组起始剂量（7~18） mg/（kg·d）,术后1 月（7~17.5） mg/（kg·d）,2月（7~17.5） mg/（kg·d）,3 月（5~16） mg/（kg·d）,6 月（4~13.5） mg/（kg·d）;DCD组起始剂量（16~20） mg/（kg·d）,术后1 月（16~19） mg/（kg·d）,2 月（13.5~15.5） mg/（kg·d）,3 月（12.5~15） mg/（kg·d）,6 月（9~13.5） mg/（kg·d）;肝移植术后0 、1、2、3 、6 月,LRLT和DCD组使用CsA剂量差别有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：儿童肝移植术后前6个月,在血药浓度相似的情况下LRLT组肝移植术后儿童Cs A用量较DCD组少,且个体差异较大。     

Efficacy and safety of high-dose esomeprazole–amoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori rescue treatment: a multicenter,prospective, randomized,controlled trial

Background:High-dose dual therapy (HDDT) with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and amoxicillin has attracted widespread attention due to its favorable efficacy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of high-dose PPI–amoxicillin dual therapy and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for H. pylori rescue treatment.Methods:This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, non-inferiority trial. Patients recruited from eight centers who had failed previous treatment were randomly (1:1) allocated to two eradication groups: HDDT (esomeprazole 40 mg and amoxicillin 1000 mg three times daily; the HDDT group) and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (esomeprazole 40 mg, bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg, and furazolidone 100 mg twice daily, combined with tetracycline 500 mg three times daily; the tetracycline, furazolidone, esomeprazole, and bismuth [TFEB] group) for 14 days. The primary endpoint was the H. pylori eradication rate. The secondary endpoints were adverse effects, symptom improvement rates, and patient compliance.Results:A total of 658 patients who met the criteria were enrolled in this study. The HDDT group achieved eradication rates of 75.4% (248/329), 81.0% (248/306), and 81.3% (248/305) asdetermined by the intention-to-treat (ITT), modified intention-to-treat (MITT), and per-protocol (PP) analyses, respectively. The eradication rates were similar to those in the TFEB group: 78.1% (257/329), 84.2% (257/305), and 85.1% (257/302). The lower 95% confidence interval boundary (−9.19% in the ITT analysis, − 9.21% in the MITT analysis, and −9.73% in the PP analysis) was greater than the predefined non-inferiority margin of −10%, establishing a non-inferiority of the HDDT group vs. the TFEB group. The incidence of adverse events in the HDDT group was significantly lower than that in the TFEB group (11.1% vs. 26.8%, P < 0.001). Symptom improvement rates and patients’ compliance were similar between the two groups.Conclusions:Fourteen-day HDDT is non-inferior to bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, with fewer adverse effects and good treatment compliance, suggesting HDDT as an alternative for H. pylori rescue treatment in the local region.Trial registration:Clinicaltrials.gov, {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04678492","term_id":"NCT04678492"}}NCT04678492.     

A short review of male genito-urinary lesions caused by coronavirus disease 2019

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease that has spread worldwide since it first appeared in December 2019. It can cause pathologies in several organs of the body through direct and indirect mechanisms. After more than two years of study, the effects of COVID-19 on the genitourinary system are now well-evidenced as COVID-19 has considerable effects on the kidneys, testes, vas deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis. Renal invasion is mainly characterized by acute kidney injury. Testicular invasion is characterized by orchitis, testicular epididymitis, etc. Although COVID-19 has been suspected to spread via serum, evidence for the presence of the virus in the semen of patients is currently scarce. COVID-19 also impacts the sexual function of patients to varying degrees, with some patients developing erectile dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 invasion into the genitourinary system have not been clearly identified, and more clinical studies are required. This review discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the genitourinary system and male health.     

Development and clinical validation of a necroptosis-related gene signature for prediction of prognosis and tumor immunity in lung adenocarcinoma

Necroptosis is a new programmed formation of necrotizing cell death, which plays important role in tumor biological regulation, including tumorigenesis and immunity. In this study, we aimed to establish and validate a prediction model based on necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) prognosis and tumor immunity. The training set consisted of samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset (n = 334), and the validation sets consisted of samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (n = 439) and clinical (n = 20) datasets. Gene Oncology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that 28 necroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in cell death and immune regulation. RT-qPCR and western blot results showed the low expression of necroptosis markers in LUAD cells. A prognostic gene signature based on 6 NRGs (PYGB, IL1A, IFNAR2, BIRC3, H2AFY2, and H2AFX) was constructed and the risk score was calculated. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent risk factor [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.220, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.154-1.290, P<0.001]. In the TCGA cohort, a high-risk score was associated with poor prognosis, weak immune infiltration, and low expression at immune checkpoints, which was validated in the GEO and clinical cohorts. Our findings showed that the patients in the low-risk group had a better progression-free survival (PFS) [not reached vs. 8.5 months, HR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.72, P<0.001] than those in the high-risk score group. Immunotherapy tolerance was found to be correlated with the high-risk score, and the risk score combined with PD-L1 (AUC = 0.808, 95% CI: 0.613-1.000) could better predict the immunotherapy response of LUAD. A nomogram was shown to have a strong ability to predict the individual survival rate of patients with LUAD in the TCGA and {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE68465","term_id":"68465"}}GSE68465 cohorts. We constructed and validated a potential prognostic signature consisting of 6 NRGs to predict the prognosis and tumor immunity of LUAD, which may be helpful to guide the individualized immunotherapy of LUAD.     

中国10个地区成年人自评健康状况与全因死亡、心血管疾病死亡风险的关联研究

目的:分析自评健康状况（SRH）与全因死亡和心血管疾病（CVD）死亡风险的关联性。方法:研究对象来自中国慢性病前瞻性研究,剔除有逻辑错误和信息缺失的个体,最终纳入512 713名研究对象。SRH在基线问卷调查时搜集,包括整体自评健康状况（GSRH）及与同龄人相比自评健康状况（ASRH）;死亡事件及原因通过链接到疾病死亡...     

Development and Validation of Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument for Chinese Pregnant Women

The study was designed to develop and validate the nutrition literacy assessment instrument for pregnant women in China (NLAI-P). The dimension, components and questions of NLAI-P were identified via literature review and expert consultation. A panel of experts evaluated the content validity. The construct validity was evaluated by using the exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Cronbach’s α coefficient and split-half reliability were applied for examining the reliability. The NLAI-P was divided into 3 dimensions including knowledge, behavior and skill dimension. Findings showed NLAI-P possessed the satisfactory content validity (content validity index = 0.98, content validity ratio = 0.97), acceptable construct validity (χ²/df = 1.82, GFI = 0.86, AGFI = 0.84, RMSEA = 0.046) and good reliability (Cronbach’s α coefficient = 0.82). The average scores of NLAI-P were 46.59 ± 9.27. With the adjustment of confounding factors, education level presented a significantly positive correlation with NLAI-P scores. In conclusion, NLAI-P were valid and reliable to inspect NL level of pregnant women in China. Poor NL was prevalent among Chinese pregnant women. Based on the education level, taking targeted propaganda and education measures would achieve the optimal effect. NLAI-P can be applied as the tool for monitoring and assessing NL of pregnant women, and facilitate the designation of targeted interventions policies.     

双侧肾上腺结核误诊肾上腺肿瘤一例

我国肾上腺结核仍是原发性肾上腺皮质功能不全（primary adrenal insufficiency,PAI）也称Addison病的主要原因。本文探讨如何诊断早期肾上腺结核,降低误诊率,以利最大限度保留残余肾上腺功能。     

丝氨酸蛋白酶Omi/HtrA2表达增加促进心肌衰老的作用

目的 观察线粒体促凋亡蛋白Omi/HtrA2表达增加对心肌衰老的影响。方法 构建心肌特异性过表达Omi/HtrA2小鼠模型,通过Western blotting法检测衰老标志物p53、p21、p16表达水平;分析Omi/HtrA2与衰老标志物表达的相关性;构建Omi/HtrA2稳转H9c2细胞系,通过Western blotting法检测Omi/HtrA2表达增加后衰老指标p53、p21、p16的改变;通过β-半乳糖苷酶(β-gal)染色比较β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性衰老细胞的改变;通过Omi/HtrA2特异性抑制剂UCF101抑制Omi/HtrA2功能,检测抑制Omi/HtrA2活性后衰老标志物的表达水平及阳性衰老细胞变化。结果 (1)与对照组相比,心肌特异性过表达Omi/HtrA2小鼠心肌组织中,Omi/HtrA2表达量显著增加(P<0.01);过表达Omi/HtrA2心肌组织衰老标志物p53、p21、p16增加(P<0.01);(2)在心肌组织中Omi/HtrA2表达量与衰老标志物p53、p21、p16呈正相关(P<0.05);(3)与H9c2细胞(control组)相比,Omi/HtrA2稳转H9c2细胞(Omi组)衰老标志物p53、p21、p16表达增加(P<0.05);β-半乳糖苷酶染色结果显示,Omi组衰老细胞增加;与Omi组相比,Omi/HtrA2特异性抑制剂UCF101处理组(Omi+UCF101组)衰老标志物p53、p21、p16表达降低(P<0.05);β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性细胞减少。结论 Omi/HtrA2的表达与衰老标志物呈正相关,表达增加的Omi/HtrA2促进心肌衰老。     

中药“毒”与“效”的科学内涵及物质基础探索

中药使用历经数千年,但对于中药之毒性一直存在误区,简单认为“中药有毒”、“中药无毒”的描述同样是片面的。本文分析了中药和化药关于“毒”的不同含义,认为传统记载有毒的中药可以分为“不良反应较多的中药”和“具有机体损害作用的中药”,前者主要指作用复杂且作用较强的中药,后者则为含有明确毒性成分或强药理效能成分的中药,由此形成科学的表述方法,为中药毒性的现代研究提供参考。中药物质有效成分基础研究应通过成分研究、组合成分研究、复方成分研究,对中药“毒”与“效”的科学内涵和物质基础进行了初步探讨。