颈椎前路融合术后邻近节段退变性疾病的原因分析及治疗策略

 目的 探讨颈椎前路融合术后邻近节段退变性疾病的发生原因及治疗策略。方法 对2005年12月至2012年8月颈椎前路减压融合术后并发邻近节段退变性疾病的14例进行回顾性分析。男10例,女4例,初次手术年龄36~68岁,平均（52.0±11.0）岁。测量初次手术后颈椎整体曲度、手术节段局部曲度、钢板与上、下间隙的距离。二次手术时对节段数量≤2个且不伴严重后纵韧带或黄韧带骨化的9例采用颈椎前路减压融合内固定术,对节段数量≥3个且不伴明显后凸畸形、排列不稳及严重黄韧带骨化的3例采用颈椎后路减压椎管扩大成形术,对伴有明显后凸畸形、排列不稳且因技术原因无法行前路减压及合并严重黄韧带骨化的2例采用颈椎后路全椎板切除减压融合术。结果 初次术后邻近节段退变性疾病的发生时间为（9.3±4.4）年,二次手术时患者年龄（61.3±12.4）岁。初次术后颈椎整体曲度与手术节段局部曲度分别为12.4°±10.8°、1.5°±6.8°;钢板与上、下间隙的距离分别为（0.9±1.8）mm、（3.8±3.2）mm。二次术后平均随访（30.4±17.8）个月,末次随访时日本骨科学会颈椎病疗效评分改善率为73.9%±9.7%。结论钢 板与邻近间隙距离过小、手术节段局部曲度恢复不良可能是前路融合术后邻近节段退变性疾病的发生原因;二次手术方案的选择应根据病变累及节段、致压因素、颈椎曲度等因素进行综合分析。     

我国2010－2019年新报告青年学生HIV/AIDS基本特征及趋势分析

目的 分析2010－2019年我国新报告青年学生HIV/AIDS的基本特征及变化趋势,为制定青年学生艾滋病防治措施提供参考依据。方法 资料来源于我国艾滋病防治基本信息系统2010－2019年新报告15~24岁青年学生HIV/AIDS。描述和分析不同年份和性别的青年学生HIV/AIDS分布特征,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析各年龄段报告率时间变化趋势。结果 新报告青年学生HIV/AIDS共23 307例,男女性别比为33.9：1（22 640：667）,诊断时年龄（19.9±2.05）岁。新发现率变化趋势分2个阶段,2010－2015呈上升趋势,年度变化百分比（APC）为32.1;2015－2019年趋于平稳,APC=0.1,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2010－2015年各年龄组新发现率均呈上升趋势,15~17岁组新发现率上升最快,APC=30.2;2015－2019年23~24岁组新发现率呈下降趋势,APC=-17.0,其他2组趋势无统计学意义（P≥0.05）。男性以同性性传播为主,女性以异性性传播为主,异性性传播的青年学生中,男、女性均以非婚非商业性行为为主;男性主要来源于自愿咨询检测点,女性主要来源于医疗机构;男性首次CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数明显高于女性（t=3.917,P=0.000）。结论 2010－2019年我国新报告青年学生HIV/AIDS整体疫情上升趋势有所减缓,但15~17岁年龄组新发现率仍呈上升态势。应积极开展青年学生的性健康教育、减少不安全性行为和扩大检测。     

青岛市成年人水果摄入与脑卒中发病关联的前瞻性研究

目的 了解青岛市居民的水果摄入情况,探讨水果摄入与脑卒中发病的关联。方法 利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目（CKB）青岛项目点30～79岁调查对象的基线信息和随访获得的脑卒中发病事件,采用Cox比例风险回归模型,评估水果摄入与脑卒中发病风险之间的关联。结果 基线共调查35 509人,男女性别比为1∶1.27,年龄（50.3±10.2）岁。水果摄入频率较高的研究对象更年轻,更多的是女性、文化程度高和家庭收入高的人群（均P<0.05）。本研究随访过程共观察到脑卒中发病事件1 011例,脑卒中发病密度为387.63/10万人年。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,在调整了相关混杂因素之后,增加水果的摄入频率对脑卒中发病具有保护作用。与几乎不吃水果的研究对象相比,≥4次/周频率组的研究对象脑卒中发病的风险降低了44%（HR=0.56,95% CI：0.50～0.62,P<0.05）,在男性和女性中分别降低了46%（HR=0.54,95% CI：0.46～0.64）和42%（HR=0.58,95% CI：0.52～0.69）（均P<0.05）。进一步调整研究对象的腰围、BMI、SBP和随机血糖,没有改变水果摄入对于脑卒中发病的保护作用。结论 增加水果摄入能降低脑卒中的发病风险,我国居民应增加水果摄入,建立更健康合理的饮食习惯。     

高度近视合并青光眼患者视神经纤维层厚度的变化

目的:通过光学相干断层成像(OCT)检测高度近视合并青光眼患者视神经纤维层厚度的变化规律。方法:选取2017-01/12于我院进行治疗的高度近视合并青光眼患者80例160眼作为观察组,并选择同期于我院进行体检的健康志愿者60例120眼作为对照组。采用OCT分析所有受检者视神经纤维层厚度。结果:与对照组受检者相比,观察组患者鼻侧、颞上、鼻下、鼻上、颞下及全周平均视神经纤维层厚度均降低,而颞侧视神经纤维层厚度升高(P<0.05),且观察组中屈光度-10.00^-11.00D的患者鼻侧、颞上、鼻下、鼻上、颞下及全周平均视神经纤维层厚度均显著高于屈光度≥-12.00D的患者(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,观察组患者屈光度的绝对值与鼻侧、颞上、鼻下、颞下及全周平均厚度视神经纤维层厚度呈负相关,与颞侧视神经纤维层厚度呈正相关。结论:高度近视合并青光眼患者除颞侧外各象限视神经纤维层变薄。     

关节镜下Twin Tail TightRope带袢钛板Y型固定治疗急性RockwoodⅢb型以上肩锁关节脱位的早期疗效

目的评价Twin Tail TightRope带袢钛板Y型固定术治疗急性肩锁关节脱位的早期临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2017年6月昆明市第一人民医院采用Twin Tail TightRope带袢钛板内固定系统在关节镜下行Y型固定治疗急性肩锁关节脱位患者共16例。采用视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale，VAS）及Constant-Murley评分评估手术效果。 结果所有患者获得随访，随访时间3~12个月，平均（6.48±1.51）个月。术后无血管、神经损伤及切口感染，末次随访时均未发生复位丢失、锁骨应力性骨折、喙突切割等并发症。末次随访时VAS评分（0.36±0.04）分较术前（7.46±1.24）分降低，Constant-Murley评分（90.07±3.13）分较术前（46.13±3.25）分提高。 结论采用Twin Tail TightRope带袢钛板Y型固定术治疗急性肩锁关节脱位可有效解决术后水平、前后方向不稳定问题，此技术具有较低的锁骨、喙突骨折发生率，关节镜下操作可以减少手术损伤、提高精准度。     

Determination of plasma antiglycan autoantibodies in patients with IgA nephropathy and the correlation with clinical characteristics

Objective To establish the measurement of IgA1 O-glycan-specific antiglycan autoantibodies in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and evaluate their role in the development and progression of IgAN. Methods In the IgAN regular follow-up cohort of Peking University Institute of Nephrology from January 2006 to December 2015, 170 patients drawn by stratified randomization were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of plasma galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) and antiglycan autoantibody (IgG and IgA1). The correlation between antiglycan autoantibodies and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed by linear correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the value of plasma anti glycide antibodies in the diagnosis of IgAN. Results IgG and IgA1 antiglycan autoantibodies that specifically recognized Fab-hinge region (Fab-HR) antigens could be detected in both IgAN and healthy control group. Agglutinin inhibition test showed that the specific antigen epitope was N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue exposed to galactose deficiency in IgA1 hinged region. There was no significant difference in the absolute levels of plasma IgG antiglycan autoantibodies between IgAN and healthy controls (P=0.963). After adjustment of the plasma level of IgG, the normalized antiglycan autoantibody (ln[IgG antiglycan antibody/IgG]) in patients with IgAN was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (0.58±0.31 vs 0.37±0.11, P﹤0.01). The normalized level of IgG antiglycan autoantibody in IgAN patients was positively correlated with 24 h urine protein level during renal biopsy (Spearman r=0.183, P﹤0.05), and was also significantly correlated with 24 h urinary protein level after adjusting for baseline clinical and pathological factors (β=0.713, 95%CI 0.323-1.102, P﹤0.01). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of normalized IgG antiglycan autoantibody in the diagnosis of IgAN was 0.764 (95% CI 0.682-0.845, P﹤0.05). Using the cut-off value of 0.396, the sensitivity and specificity of normalized IgG antiglycan autoantibody for IgAN were 0.729 and 0.700 respectively. There was no significant difference in the absolute or normalized levels of IgA1 antiglycan autoantibodies between IgAN patients and healthy controls. Conclusions Gd-IgA1-specific antiglycan autoantibodies can be detected both in IgAN patients and healthy controls. They are elevated in some patients with IgAN and possibly involved in the development of IgAN.     

降糖保健品致汞砷中毒性周围神经病3例报道

目的：分析3例汞砷中毒性周围神经病的临床特点,总结重金属中毒周围神经病的诊疗经验。方法：回顾3例口服同一种降糖保健品（汞砷超标）引起中毒性周围神经病患者的临床诊疗情况。结果：3例患者发病前口服摩柯复合片数月,亚急性起病,病情进行性加重,以四肢末梢型感觉和运动障碍为主要表现,神经电生理检查均提示多发性运动和（或）感觉周围神经损害,轴索损害为主。1例呼吸困难者应用激素和丙种球蛋白后疗效差,其他2例应用激素后均有缓解。结论：激素和丙种球蛋白对重金属中毒所致周围神经病的疗效有差异,临床需重视既往药物和保健品的使用史。     

Anomalous functional connectivity within the default-mode network in treatment-naive patients possessing first-episode major depressive disorder

Background and Objective:Previous studies have shown that the default-mode network (DMN) has a substantial role in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there is a shortage of information regarding variations in the functional connectivity (FC) of the DMN of treatment-naive patients with first-episode MDD. The present study aims to explore the FC of the DMN in such patients.Methods:The study population consisted of 33 patients and 35 controls, paired regarding age, gender, education level, and health condition. Depression severity was assessed through the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), and subjects underwent evaluation during the resting-state through functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). To assess the result, we used FC and ICA. We used Spearman''s correlation test to detect potential correlations between anomalous FC and severity of HAM-D scores.Results:We have found a decreased FC in the left medial orbitofrontal gyrus (MOFG) and right marginal gyrus (SMG) in depressive patients compared to controls. There was a negative correlation between abnormal FC in the right SMG and HAM-D scores. We have not found any increase in FC of the DMN in treatment-naive, first-episode of MDD patients.Conclusions:Our study provided evidence of a negative correlation between abnormal FC in the DMN and severity of depression symptoms measured by HAM-D in treatment-naive MDD patients. This finding could shed some light on the relevance of DMN for understanding the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in MDD.     

Novel research synergized by Chinese medicine pattern classification in rheumatoid arthritis

Clinical Rheumatology -