布氏显微镜活血分析: 细胞流变学研究的新方法

布氏显微镜活血分析：细胞流变学研究的新方法骆秉铨＊黄荣国＊陈兴新＊细胞流变学是研究血细胞流动变形的科学，在方法学上发展了一些比较成熟的方法，但多不能直接动态观察细胞水平的真实改变，有待完善和创新。我们采用布氏多功能显微镜的活血分析法［１］，在高放大倍...     

Novel micro-crosslinked poly(organophosphazenes) with improved mechanical properties and controllable degradation rate as potential biodegradable matrix

As biodegradable materials, linear polyphosphazenes undergo rapid hydrolysis degradation but exhibit poor mechanical properties. Blending with biodegradable polyesters or inorganic particles strengthen their mechanical properties but give rise to slower degradation rate. To balance the mechanical properties and the degradation rate, micro-crosslinked polyphosphazenes were synthesized in this study. Their glass transition temperatures, mechanical properties, and in vitro degradation behavior were investigated. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was firstly attached to the side chain along with glycine ethyl ester to prepare co-substituted poly(organophosphazene) with pendant ethenyl substituents. The co-substituted poly(organophosphazene) was blended with HEMA or acrylic acid (AA) followed by a free radical polymerization to prepare micro-crosslinked poly(organophosphazenes). The resulting crosslinked polymers showed two separate glass transition temperatures depending on the HEMA or AA feed. Incorporation of crosslinking affected the mechanical properties positively. Crosslinked poly(organophosphazenes) showed an approximately 11-17 fold increase in terms of modulus of elasticity when compared to the linear counterpart. In vitro degradation tests indicated that HEMA-crosslinked polymers hydrolyzed at a retarded rate while AA-crosslinked polymers hydrolyzed at a moderate rate compared to linear polymers.     

LES modelling of flow in a simple airway model

Detailed information about the flow field pattern is highly important in accurately predicting particle deposition sites in the human airway. Flow in the upper airway during heavy breathing can have a Reynolds number as high as 9300, and therefore presents turbulent features. Although turbulence is believed to have an important effect on the airflow and other transport processes in the bronchial tree, to date both theoretical and numerical studies have predominantly assumed the flow to be laminar. In this paper, transitional/turbulent flow during inspiration is studied using a large eddy simulation (LES) in a single asymmetric bifurcation model of human upper airway. The influence of the non-laminar flow on the patterns and the particle paths is investigated in both 2D and 3D models. Throughout the investigation, comparisons with the laminar and conventional k- models for the same configuration and flow conditions are made. The LES model is also carefully validated against published experimental data in a stenotic tube model. The results demonstrate that the LES model is capable of capturing instantaneous eddy formation and flow separation in (almost) laminar, transitional and turbulent flow regimes, and hence may be used as a powerful and practical tool to provide much of the detailed flow information required for tracing the particle trajectories and particle deposition in human airways.     

FAM19A4基因启动子甲基化检测在宫颈癌及其癌前病变筛查的研究

宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一。目前人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测及细胞学检查是宫颈癌及其癌前病变(CCPL)的主要筛查手段。由于上述传统筛查方法,仍然存在对CCPL漏诊的风险,因此寻找有效识别CCPL的特异性分子标志物,具有重要临床意义。对具有序列相似性家族19成员A4(FAM19A4)基因启动子甲基化定量检测,可有效检出CCPL组织,较传统筛查方法有较高特异度,有望成为CCPL筛查的特异性分子标志物。笔者拟就FAM19A4基因启动子甲基化定量检测,在CCPL筛查中应用的最新研究现状进行阐述,旨在为进一步推进CCPL筛查方法的开发,提供思路。     

开展继续医学教育 加快医院人才培养

从建立科学、合理的继续教育管理体制,使继续教育工作层层有人抓;加强继续医学教育管理的规章制度建设;认真组织申报继续教育项目和开展院内继续教育活动;实施经费保障制度,为卫生技术人员参加继续教育创造条件;建立检查评估制度,促进和加强继续教育工作深入开展等5方面,介绍深圳市人民医院开展继续教育工作的做法和体会。     

白细胞进入腹腔是引起蛋白质经腹腔丢失的关键

目的为了研究细菌性腹膜炎时经腹腔蛋白质丢失的机制,阐明白细胞移行与蛋白质丢失的关系。方法给兔腹腔内注射大肠杆菌(E.coil)4×106CFU+生理盐水(35ml/kg),做成急性腹膜炎动物模型。通过测定实验6或8h期间腹透液中白细胞总数(WBC)及中性粒细胞(PMNs)计数情况以及腹膜对蛋白质的通透性(蛋白质D/P比值)。设立了两个系列的实验系列一,应用氮介(mustine),1.2mg/kg,实验前3天静脉注射,以耗尽循环血中的白细胞;系列二,用单克隆抗体(mAb)60.32mg/kg,实验前5min静脉注射,以阻滞PMNs上的粘附分子CD18,从而抑制PMNs向腹腔移行。同时设立了阳性对照组(即腹膜炎组)及阴性对照组(无腹膜炎组)。结果系列一中mustine降低87%循环血中白细胞及93%循环血中PMNs,此时即使腹腔内注射细菌,白细胞向腹腔的移行及腹腔蛋白质的渗出均较未注射mustine的腹膜炎组明显降低,而与无腹膜炎的正常对照组结果相似。系列二,静脉注射mAb60.3同样也明显降低白细胞及PMNs向腹腔的移行及经腹腔蛋白质的丢失。结论急性细菌性腹膜炎时白细胞向腹腔移行导致了经腹腔蛋白质的丢失。     

乳腺髓样癌的超声检查与组织病理的相关性分析

目的:探讨超声检查在诊断乳腺典型髓样癌中的临床意义。方法:按严格的病理诊断学标准将病例重新分类为乳腺典型髓样癌和非典型髓样癌,比较两者间声像学特征的异同。结果:32例中有13侧重新诊断为乳腺典型髓样癌;另外19例为非典型髓样癌。13例典型髓样癌患者中的10例边界整齐光滑;全部19例非典型髓样癌病人没有一例边界光滑,或者边界呈锯齿状(16例),或者边界光滑伴局部不规则(3例)。非典型与典型髓样癌间肿瘤边界的规则性有明显的差异。结论:如果超声检查提示肿瘤边界呈锯齿状或肿瘤边界光滑伴局部不规则,应行整个肿瘤的病理评估防止典型髓样癌的过诊断。     

IBA损伤老化鼠脑Meynert核的AD模型动物研究

目的研究定位损伤脑胆碱能系Alzheimer病(AD)模型大鼠学习能力及相关脑神经肽免疫组化改变.方法用兴奋性毒素鹅膏蕈氨酸(IBA)定位损伤大鼠脑右侧Meynert核,观察模型动物学习能力改变(Y型迷宫法),并用分光光度法和免疫组化染色法观察动物脑胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性和皮层及海马β-淀粉样肽前体(β-APP)、生长抑素(SOM)及P物质(SP)的表达情况.结果模型组老化大鼠经损伤后,学习能力及脑AchE活性显著低于对照组(P均＜0.05).β-APP在额叶皮层和海马的表达均升高,而S()M表达则显著减少,用IBA及β-AP25-35同时损伤鼠脑时,可显示脑皮质区SP表达增加(P均＜0. 01).单独用IBA注射无效.结论IBA损伤老化大鼠脑Meynert核建立的动物模型,显示胆碱能系统损伤,学习能力障碍,β-APP过表达而神经肽SOM表达降低,一定条件下SP表达增加,与AD病人某些临床和病理特征基本一致.     

家兔急性实验性面神经损伤的组织病理观察

目的　观察家兔面神经急性损伤后髓鞘和轴索的组织病理变化。方法　用丝线结扎茎乳孔以外的面神经总干 ,观察结扎后 1天、3天及 5天面神经的组织病理改变。结果　家兔面神经受损后 ,先后在髓鞘和轴索出现轻重不等、程度不同的形态学改变。结论　结扎家兔面神经后 ,其髓鞘及轴索会出现相应的病理改变 ,且随着结扎天数的增加 ,面神经损伤亦呈加重的趋势