Prostatic calculi influence the antimicrobial efficacy in men with chronic bacterial prostatitis

We studied the efficacy of culture-specific antibiotic therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) patients with or without prostatic calculi. This study included 101 patients (21–62 years old) who met the consensus criteria for CBP (National Institutes of Health category II). According to the results of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), all patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, CBP with prostatic calculi, n=39; Group 2, CBP without prostatic calculi, n=62. All patients received optimal antimicrobial therapy for 4 weeks and followed up for a minimum of 3 months (range: 3–8 months). In addition to expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) and urine culture, all patients were asked to complete the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and the subjective global assessment (SGA). The microbiological eradication rate at the end of treatment were 32/39 (82.1%) and 54/62 (87.1%), while the rates for continued eradication at the end of study were 17/39 (43.6%) and 45/62 (72.6%) in Group 1 and Group 2 (P<0.01), respectively. We observed a decrease in the total NIH-CPSI score median values from 24 to 19 in Group 1 and from 24 to 11 in Group 2. The pain subscore (P<0.01), urinary sunscore (P<0.05) and quality of life (QoL; P<0.05) as well as the total NIH-CPSI score (P<0.01) were significantly improved after antimicrobial treatment in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Response, defined as a decrease of the NIH-CPSI total score by at least 50%, was seen in Group 1 versus Group 2 in 38.5% and 58.1% (P<0.01), respectively. Our results showed that prostatic calculi influence the antimicrobial efficacy in men with CBP. There was a noticeable decrease in the cure rate of CBP patients with prostatic calculi due to relapse after antimicrobial therapy.     

Differences between the Vastus Lateralis and Gastrocnemius Lateralis in the Assessment Ability of Breakpoints of Muscle Oxygenation for Aerobic Capacity Indices During an Incremental Cycling Exercise

In recent years, breakpoints (Bp) of muscle oxygenation have been measured in local muscles using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess (predict) systemic aerobic capacity indices [lactate threshold (LT), gas exchange threshold (GET) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2peak)]. We investigated muscular differences in the assessment (predictive) ability of the Bp of muscle oxygenation for aerobic capacity indices during incremental cycling exercise on the aerobic capacity indices. Thirty-one active college students were recruited for an incremental cycling exercise test, during which NIRS muscle oxygenation in the vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), blood lactate concentration and cardiopulmonary variables were measured simultaneously in a multi-modality approach. A linear regression model was used to analyse the relationship between the Bp of the muscle oxygenation index (OI) and the systemic aerobic capacity indices. The Bp of the muscle OI in both the VL (BpVL) and GL (BpGL) were significantly correlated with the aerobic capacity indices. Additionally, the BpVL had a better goodness-of-fit [higher coefficient of determination (R², p < 0.001) and lower root mean squared error (RMSE, p < 0.03)] in the linear regressions and occurred earlier than the BpGL. In conclusion, both the BpVL and the BpGL could be measured by NIRS to assess the systemic aerobic capacity indices; however, there were muscular differences in the assessment ability of the Bp of muscle oxygenation.

Key points

• The breakpoints (Bp) of muscle oxygenation index in both vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) could be detected to indicate the breaking up of the oxygen supply-consumption balance by NIRS.
• The Bp of muscle oxygenation index in both VL (BpVL) and GL (BpGL) were significantly correlated with the systemic aerobic capacity indices.
• The BpVL owned higher assessment (predictive) ability when the Bp (BpVL and BpGL) of muscle oxygenation index was used to assess (predict) systemic aerobic capacity indices.

Key words: Maximal incremental exercise test, aerobic capacity index, assessment ability, near infrared spectroscopy, linear regression.     

超声探测甲状腺结节钙化对甲状腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声探测甲状腺结节钙化对甲状腺癌的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析我院3924例甲状腺疾病患者的超声资料和病理结果,探讨钙化、微小钙化、粗大钙化和边缘环状钙化与甲状腺癌的关系,单发结节伴钙化和多发结节伴钙化与甲状腺癌的关系以及不同年龄组钙化与甲状腺癌的关系. 结果 甲状腺良性疾病钙化和微小钙化的发生率分别为32.05％和6.50％,甲状腺癌则为80.07％和51.53％,甲状腺癌钙化和微小钙化的发生率高于良性疾病(P＜0.01);单发结节和多发结节伴钙化的恶性率分别为53.31％和22.16％,伴微小钙化的恶性率则分别为74.12％和47.92％,单发结节伴钙化和伴微小钙化的恶性率均要高于多发结节,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);＜70岁患者钙化的恶性率随年龄增加逐渐下降(P＜0.05);微小钙化的恶性率在44岁及以下年龄组＞44岁以上年龄组(P＜0.01).结论 钙化和微小钙化是甲状腺癌的高危因素,单发结节和年轻患者的钙化和微小钙化的恶性率更高.     

人前脑啡肽基因修饰人胚胎肾细胞的构建

目的 构建人前脑啡肽基因(hPPE)修饰的人胚胎肾细胞(HEK293细胞).方法 重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/hPPE经限制性内切酶HindⅢ和Not Ⅰ进行双酶切获得hPPE基因,运用基因重组技术将hPPE基因与表达载体同源重组,转染293T细胞进行慢病毒包装、扩增、纯化,测定病毒滴度,再将重组的慢病毒载体转染HEK293细胞.用Western blot法检测hPPE基因在HEK293细胞中的表达.结果 重组慢病毒载体阳性克隆测序结果和基因库的hPPE基因序列完全一致.含有hPPE基因的慢病毒载体,滴度为2.07×108TU/ml.转染慢病毒载体后的HEK293细胞,在荧光显微镜下未见到GFP荧光.转染Ubc-GFP-L.V.空病毒载体的HEK293细胞,可见到较强的荧光.Western blot法检测到经慢病毒载体转染后的HEK293细胞中hPPE基因表达呈阳性.结论 成功构建了hPPE基因修饰的HEK293细胞,使hPPE基因可在HEK293细胞中稳定表达.     

RNA干扰降低环氧化酶2基因表达对人胆管癌QBC939细胞的体外作用

目的研究小干扰RNA（siRNA）降低环氧化酶2（COX-2）基因对胆管癌QBC939细胞凋亡及凋亡蛋白caspase-3蛋白表达的影响。方法采用RNA干扰的方法,将胆管癌细胞株QBC939细胞分为4组：COX-2 siRNA干预组、阴性对照siRNA组、空脂质体、空白对照组。将COX-2 siRNA转染入QBC939细胞;流式细胞仪检测siRNA降低COX-2基因表达对凋亡的作用,WesternBlot法检测siRNA降低COX-2基因表达对caspase-3表达变化的影响。结果 RNA干扰后QBC939细胞COX-2表达下降至空白对照组的42%,流式细胞仪检测结果显示COX-2 siRNA干预组细胞的凋亡率以及凋亡蛋白caspase-3的表达明显高于其他3个对照组。结论 RNA干扰可抑制细胞COX-2蛋白的表达,促使胆管癌QBC939细胞的凋亡,caspase-3途径可能是其调控通路之     

实习护生共情能力及其影响因素调查

目的 了解临床实习护生的共情特点并探讨其影响因素.方法 采用中文版人际反应指针量表(IRI-C)对1 77名实习护生进行共情能力的调查.结果 实习护生的共情能力总分为(2.38±0.47)分.班干部、与父母关系、学历是护生共情能力的影响因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 实习护生的共情能力处于中等水平,其共情能力受多种因素的影响.需采取多种方法进一步提高实习护生的共情能力,为临床输送优秀的护理人才.     

人诱导性多潜能干细胞向表皮样干细胞分化的实验研究

目的 探讨人诱导性多潜能干细胞( iPSC)向表皮样干细胞分化的可能性.方法 (1)以经过灭活处理的小鼠胚胎Fb株作为滋养层,将人iPSC株接种于其上,加入胚胎干细胞完全培养液培养,Ⅳ型胶原酶消化法传代,倒置相差显微镜下观察人iPSC形态及生长状况并行碱性磷酸酶(AKP)染色.以胚胎干细胞不完全培养液悬浮培养iPSC,观察拟胚体形成能力.(2)将人iPSC接种于铺有人羊膜的6孔培养板培养,设为诱导组;另于未铺羊膜的6孔培养板上培养iPSC,作为对照组.观察2组iPSC形态,免疫细胞化学染色法检测整合素β1和细胞角蛋白19( CK19)表达.结果 (1)人iPSC在胚胎干细胞完全培养液中呈典型的干细胞克隆状生长,边界清楚,增殖旺盛;AKP染色阳性.iPSC在无滋养层条件下悬浮培养可形成拟胚体.(2)诱导组iPSC经培养4d后形成干细胞克隆,部分细胞整合素β1和CK19表达阳性.对照组细胞大量死亡,未见整合素β1和CK19表达.结论 人iPSC在羊膜诱导下可定向分化为表皮样干细胞,有望成为皮肤组织工程新的种子细胞.     

小鼠CXCR4腺病毒的构建及其转染对MSCs向受损肝脏归巢的影响

目的:观察小鼠CXCR4腺病毒(Ad-mCXCR4)转染对骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)受损肝脏归巢的影响。方法:分离小鼠MSCs并体外扩增、鉴定;从小鼠肝脏组织中获得CXCR4目的基因,用同源重组法构建腺病毒载体Ad-mCXCR4并鉴定;用Ad-mCXCR4转染MSCs,以转染空载体Ad-vector和未转染的MSCs为对照,然后用Western blot法检测各组细胞CXCR4蛋白的表达;小鼠注射CCl4诱导肝损伤模型后随机分为3组,分别通过尾静脉注射转染Ad-mCXCR4,Ad-vector和未转染的MSCs,48 h后用激光共聚焦观察各组MSCs归巢到受损肝组织的情况。结果:成功构建小鼠CXCR4腺病毒载体Ad-mCXCR4;MSCs转染Ad-mCXCR4后CXCR4蛋白呈高表达,而转染Ad-vector和未转染的MSCs无CXCR4蛋白表达;注射未转染MSCs组小鼠肝脏未见绿色荧光蛋白阳性细胞,注射Ad-mCXCR4-MSCs组小鼠较注射转染Ad-vector-MSCs组小鼠肝脏绿色荧光蛋白阳性细胞明显增加[(21.25±1.56)vs.(5.42±0.81)](P<0.01)。结论:基因修饰可提高MSCs的CXCR4表达,高表达CXCR4的MSCs向受损肝脏归巢增加。     

改良髓腔入口对上颌第一、二磨牙近中颊根第二根管临床发现率的影响

目的:改良髓腔入口方式探究上颌磨牙近中颊根第二根管的临床发现率。方法:采用改良髓腔入口和探查近中颊根根管口与腭根根管口之间发育沟或暗线的方法研究上颌磨牙近中颊根第二根管的肉眼发现率。结果:553例患者的574颗上颌第一磨牙中有356颗存在近中颊根第二根管,发现率为62.02%;529例患者637颗上颌第二磨牙中有294颗存在近中颊根第二根管,发现率为46.15%。结论:改良髓腔入口和探查近中颊根根管口与腭根根管口之间发育沟或暗线的方法,有利于发现和治疗上颌第一、二磨牙近中颊根的第二根管。     

肾脏远隔缺血后适应在兔急性肠系膜缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 观察以肾脏作为远隔器官的远隔缺血后适应能否减轻兔急性肠系膜缺血再灌注损伤.方法 将雄性新西兰兔90只随机分为对照组、缺血再灌注(I/R)组、远隔缺血后适应(IRpostC)组,每组30只.分别干预后采集各组兔部分肠道组织作为标本,试剂盒检测肠道组织内丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色,chiu6级评分法观察肠黏膜损伤,电镜下观察肠上皮细胞变化.结果 I/R组肠道组织中MDA、MPO测定值及肠黏膜损伤评分分别为( 14.72±0.21) nmol/mg、( 1.65±0.35) U/g、(3.30±0.69),IRpostC组分别为(7.13 ±0.40) nmol/mg、(0.91±0.33) U/g、2.10 ±0.92,与对照组[(3.28±0.26) nmol/mg、(0.52 ±0.23) U/g、0.69±0.52]比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).与I/R组比较,IRpostC组肠道组织中MDA、MPO水平及肠黏膜损伤评分明显降低(P＜0.01),电镜下发现细胞损伤减轻.结论 以肾脏作为远隔器官的远隔缺血后适应可明显降低兔急性肠系膜缺血再灌注损伤后肠道组织中MDA、MPO水平及肠黏膜损伤.