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排序方式: 共有270条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Jeremy YC Teoh Steffi KK Yuen James HL Tsu Charles KW Wong Brian SH Ho Ada TL Ng Wai-Kit Ma Kwan-Lun Ho Ming-Kwong Yiu 《Asian journal of andrology》2015,17(5):821-825
We investigated the prostate cancer detection rates upon transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy in relation to digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and risk factors of prostate cancer detection in the Chinese population. Data from all consecutive Chinese men who underwent first TRUS-guided prostate biopsy from year 2000 to 2013 was retrieved from our database. The prostate cancer detection rates with reference to DRE finding and PSA level of < 4, 4–10, 10.1–20, 20.1–50 and > 50 ng ml−1 were investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate for potential risk factors of prostate cancer detection. A total of 2606 Chinese men were included. In patients with normal DRE, the cancer detection rates were 8.6%, 13.4%, 21.8%, 41.7% and 85.2% in patients with PSA < 4, 4–10, 10.1–20, 20.1–50 and > 50 ng ml−1 respectively. In patients with abnormal DRE, the cancer detection rates were 12.4%, 30.2%, 52.7%, 80.6% and 96.4% in patients with PSA < 4, 4–10, 10.1–20, 20.1–50 and > 50 ng ml−1 respectively. Older age, smaller prostate volume, larger number of biopsy cores, presence of abnormal DRE finding and higher PSA level were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer detection upon multivariate logistic regression analyses (P < 0.001). Chinese men appeared to have lower prostate cancer detection rates when compared to the Western population. Taking the different risk factors into account, an individualized approach to the decision of TRUS-guided biopsy can be adopted. 相似文献
12.
13.
D. M. Mijnarends Y. C. Luiking R. J. G. Halfens S. M. A. A. Evers E. L. A. Lenaerts S. Verlaan M. Wallace Jos M. G. A. Schols J. M. M. Meijers 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2018,22(7):766-773
Objective
To assess the association between muscle parameters (mass, strength, physical performance) and activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life (QoL), and health care costs.Design
Cross-sectional Maastricht Sarcopenia Study (MaSS).Setting
Community-dwelling, assisted-living, residential living facility.Participants
227 adults aged 65 and older.Measurements
Muscle mass, hand grip strength and physical performance were assessed by bio-electrical impedance, JAMAR dynamometer and the Short Physical Performance Battery, respectively. Health outcomes were measured by the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (disability in ADL) and the EQ-5D-5L (QoL). Health care costs were calculated based on health care use in the past three months.Results
Muscle strength and physical performance showed a strong correlation with ADL, QoL, and health care costs (P<.01); for muscle mass no significant correlations were observed. Regression analyses showed that higher gait speed (OR 0.06, 95%CI 0.01-0.55) was associated with a lower probability of ADL disability. Furthermore, slower chair stand (OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.08-1.42), and more comorbidities (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.23-2.02) were explanatory factors for higher ADL disability. Explanatory factors for QoL and costs were: more disability in ADL (OR 1.26, 95%CI 1.12-1.41 for QoL; B = 0.09, P<.01 for costs) and more comorbidities (OR 1.44, 95%CI 1.14-1.82 for QoL; B = 0.35, P<.01 for costs).Conclusion
Lower gait speed and chair stand were potential drivers of disability in ADL. Disability in ADL and comorbidities were associated with QoL and health care costs in community-dwelling older adults. Improving physical performance may be a valuable target for future intervention and research to impact health burden and costs.14.
15.
16.
Alexander E White Andrew FW Ho Nur Shahidah Nurul Asyikin Le Xuan Liew Pin Pin Pek Jade PH Kua Michael YC Chia Yih Yng Ng Shalini Arulanandam Sieu-Hon Benjamin Leong Marcus EH Ong 《Singapore medical journal》2021,62(8):438
Care for patients who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has rapidly evolved in the past decade. Increased sophistication of care in the community, emergency medical services (EMS) and hospital setting is associated with improved patient-centred outcomes. Notably, Utstein survival doubled from 11.6% to 23.1% between 2011 and 2016. These achievements involved collaboration between policymakers, clinicians and researchers, and were made possible by a strategic interplay of policy, research and implementation. We review the development and current state of OHCA in Singapore using primary population-based data from the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study and an unstructured search of research databases. We discuss the roles of important milestones in policy, community, dispatch, EMS and hospital interventions. Finally, we relate these interventions to relevant processes and outcomes, such as the relationship between the strategic implementation of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and placement of automated external defibrillator with return of spontaneous circulation, survival to discharge and survival with favourable neurological outcomes. 相似文献
17.
18.
Epidemiological evidence indicates that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) intake is
associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The
hepatocarcinogenesis is initiated by covalent binding of AFB1 to cellular
DNA. To determine whether nutritional factors and hormonal status may
influence the binding of AFB1 to hepatic DNA, a cross- sectional study was
performed on a total of 42 male asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen
(HBsAg) carriers and 43 male non-carriers in a cohort study on the
multistage development of HCC in Taiwan. The major AFB1-DNA adduct in vivo,
AFB1-N7-guanine, was measured by high- performance liquid chromatography in
urine. Urinary AFB1-N7-guanine was detectable in 40% of the subjects. HBsAg
carriers had a higher detection rate of urinary AFB1-DNA adducts than
non-carriers and the difference was statistically significant after
multivariate adjustment. After taking into account the total AFB1 urinary
metabolite level, chronic HBsAg carrier status, and other potential
confounders, plasma levels of cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol, and alpha- and
beta-carotene were positively associated with the detection rate of the
AFB1-DNA adducts in a dose-dependent manner, whereas plasma lycopene level
was inversely related to the presence of the adducts in urine. The
association of urinary AFB1-DNA adducts with the plasma levels of
cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol, lycopene, and alpha- and beta-carotene was
observed at both low and high exposure levels of AFB1. There was a
synergistic interaction of plasma alpha-tocopherol with alpha- and beta-
carotene on the adduct levels. No association with the adducts was found
for plasma levels of retinol and testosterone. This study demonstrated
different associations of antioxidant vitamins with AFB1- DNA adduct
formation. The data consistent with our previous finding in cultured
woodchuck hepatocytes that alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene enhanced
AFB1-DNA adduct formation suggest that prospective investigation of the
relationship between plasma micronutrients and risk of AFB1-related HCC is
warranted.
相似文献
19.
Effect of prolonged hyperdynamic endotoxemia on jejunal motility in fasted and enterally fed pigs
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of hyperdynamic endotoxemia on the motility of the small intestine. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are a common complication of sepsis. It has been suggested that gram-negative endotoxin plays a role in the pathogenesis of the accompanying diarrhea frequently observed. METHODS: Pigs were infused with lipopolysaccharide for a 24-hour period. During this fasting period jejunal motility was measured using ambulatory manometry. One and 4 days after cessation of endotoxin, pigs were enterally fed, and again motility was recorded. RESULTS: Hyperdynamic endotoxemia was achieved in this model. Manometric pressure recordings revealed that endotoxin infusion accelerated the migrating motor complex (MMC) migration along the jejunum. Also, a simultaneous increase in MMC cycling frequency was observed in the endotoxin-treated group. Elevated MMC migration velocity and cycling frequency were maintained the following day after endotoxin during feeding and returned to basal values 4 days after endotoxin. CONCLUSIONS: A small dose of continuously infused endotoxin significantly provokes jejunal motility disturbances that may contribute to diarrhea. 相似文献