全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1382篇 |
免费 | 131篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 7篇 |
儿科学 | 23篇 |
妇产科学 | 13篇 |
基础医学 | 333篇 |
口腔科学 | 7篇 |
临床医学 | 138篇 |
内科学 | 411篇 |
皮肤病学 | 11篇 |
神经病学 | 77篇 |
特种医学 | 91篇 |
外科学 | 192篇 |
综合类 | 26篇 |
预防医学 | 109篇 |
眼科学 | 11篇 |
药学 | 45篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 28篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 25篇 |
2014年 | 29篇 |
2013年 | 30篇 |
2012年 | 43篇 |
2011年 | 49篇 |
2010年 | 35篇 |
2009年 | 35篇 |
2008年 | 60篇 |
2007年 | 58篇 |
2006年 | 63篇 |
2005年 | 57篇 |
2004年 | 59篇 |
2003年 | 55篇 |
2002年 | 68篇 |
2001年 | 57篇 |
2000年 | 63篇 |
1999年 | 58篇 |
1998年 | 38篇 |
1997年 | 29篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 30篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 33篇 |
1986年 | 31篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 24篇 |
1978年 | 24篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
1972年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有1524条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Anderson RA; Wallace AM; Kicman AT; Wu FC 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(8):1657-1662
Administration of supraphysiological doses of testosterone to normal men
causes inhibition of spermatogenesis, but while most become azoospermic,
30-55% maintain a low rate of spermatogenesis. We have investigated whether
there are differences in endogenous androgen production, of testicular and
adrenal origin, which may be related to the degree of suppression of
spermatogenesis. Thirty-three healthy Caucasian men were given weekly i.m.
injections of 200 mg testosterone oenanthate (TE), 18 became azoospermic,
while 15 remained oligozoospermic. Urinary excretion of epitestosterone, a
specific testicular product, was reduced to <10% of pretreatment values,
with no differences between the groups. Similar results were obtained for
other markers of testicular steroidogenesis. Urinary and plasma adrenal
androgens were also reduced during TE treatment: a statistically
significant decrease in both (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively)
was seen in the azoospermic but not oligozoospermic responders. These
results suggest that testicular steroidogenesis is decreased to <10% by
the administration of supraphysiological doses of exogenous testosterone.
Differences in the degree of ongoing steroidogenesis in the testis do not
appear to account for incomplete suppression of spermatogenesis, thus
differences in androgen metabolism may underlie this heterogeneous
response. A small but significant reduction in secretion of adrenal
androgens was also detectable, the relevance of which is unclear.
相似文献
12.
Endothelin and cardiac development 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Luft FC 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2002,80(11):685-686
13.
IFN-alpha enhances CD40 ligand-mediated activation of immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
Luft T Luetjens P Hochrein H Toy T Masterman KA Rizkalla M Maliszewski C Shortman K Cebon J Maraskovsky E 《International immunology》2002,14(4):367-380
Type I IFN are immune modulatory cytokines that are secreted during early stages of infection. Type I IFN bridge the innate and the adaptive immune system in humans and mice. We compared the capacity of type I and II IFN to induce the functional maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC). Extending our earlier observation that type I IFN promote DC maturation, we report that these cytokines also enhance DC differentiation by augmenting CD40 ligand (CD40L)-induced cytokine secretion by MoDC. Type I IFN alone were poor inducers of MoDC maturation as compared with other stimuli. They up-regulated the expression of HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, partially CCR7 but not CD83, partially reduced antigen-uptake function, increased the levels of IL-12p35 mRNA, and prolonged surface expression of peptide-MHC class I complexes for presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes, but did not induce migration towards CCL21 chemokine. However, type I IFN were potent co-factors for CD40L-mediated function. Here, they enhanced CD40L-mediated IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12p70 secretion. Furthermore, when combined with IL-1beta and/or IL-4, IFN-alpha2a type I IFN increased CD40L-mediated IL-12p70 production by 2- to 3-fold, and biased the IL-12 p40/p70 ratio towards the IFN-gamma inducing p70 heterodimer, this correlating with higher levels of IFN-gamma secretion by allogeneic T cell subsets and NK cells. Our results suggest that the rapid expression of CD40L, IFN and IL-1beta at sites of infection and inflammation can act in concert on immature DC, thereby linking innate and adaptive immune responses. In this way, type I IFN play a dual role as DC maturation factors and enhancers of CD40L-mediated DC activation. 相似文献
14.
Prof. H. Hofmann Dr. C. Bothge Dr. S. Haselwarter Prof. L. Heinemann Dr. W. Barth Dr. E. Schüler Prof. U. Laaser Dr. M. Siegel Prof. F. C. Luft Die Intersalt-Forschungsgruppe aus BRD und DDR 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》1990,68(13):655-663
Summary The relationships between body mass index (BMI) and age, alcohol consumption, 24-hr urinary electrolyte excretion, and BP were studied in 588 subjects from three German centers participating inIntersalt, a highly standardized, previously reported protocol. Men and women aged 20–59 were sampled in Bernried, FRG; Cottbus, GDR; and Heidelberg, FRG. The subjects from the three centers did not differ in BMI, level of education, physical activity, cigarette- or alcohol-consumption patterns, or urinary Cl excretion. Mean Na excretion was 167, 147, and 172 mmol/24 hr in Bernried, Cottbus, and Heidelberg, while mean K excretion was 72, 55, and 73 mmol/24 hr, respectively. The excretion of these electrolytes was significantly lower in Cottbus than in Bernried or Heidelberg. BMI increased progressively in men with age; in women BMI plateaued until the 5th decade, after which it increased to equal that of men. In individual centers, the excretion of electrolytes was correlated with BML Sodium and chloride excretion were highly correlated. The data from each individual center were fitted to a multiple regression model. Age, BMI, sex, and alcohol consumption entered the model. 相似文献
15.
L Iselius L A Carlson N E Morton S Efendi? J Lindsten R Luft 《Acta medica Scandinavica》1985,217(2):161-170
Path and segregation analyses have been performed on cholesterol and triglyceride contents of serum as well as on very low, low and high density lipoproteins in 78 Swedish nuclear families. The effect of environmental variables like alcohol and smoking on the concentrations of the different lipoproteins has been studied. Genetic heritability was 0.16-0.68 for the cholesterol fractions and 0-0.56 for the triglyceride fractions. No major gene was evident for any of the variables studied. 相似文献
16.
Luft AR Kaelin-Lang A Hauser TK Buitrago MM Thakor NV Hanley DF Cohen LG 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2002,142(4):562-569
It is assumed that somatosensory input is required for motor learning and recovery from focal brain injury. In rodents and other mammals, corticocortical projections between somatosensory and motor cortices are modified by patterned input. Whether and how motor cortex function is modulated by somatosensory input to support motor learning is largely unknown. Recent human evidence suggests that input changes motor excitability. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), this study tested whether motor cortex excitability is affected by patterned somatosensory stimulation in rodents. Motor potentials evoked in gastrocnemius muscles in response to TMS (MEP(TMS)) and to cervical electrical stimulation (MEP(CES)) were recorded bilaterally. Initially, the first negative peak of the MEP(TMS) was identified as a cortical component because it disappeared after decortication in three animals. Subsequently, we studied the effects of 2 h of electrical stimulation of one sciatic nerve on the cortical component of the MEP(TMS), i.e., on motor cortex excitability. After stimulation, its amplitude increased by 117 +/- 45% ( P<0.01) in the stimulated limb. A significantly smaller effect was found in the unstimulated limb ( P<0.02) and no effect was observed in unstimulated control animals. The subcortically evoked MEP(CES) were not affected by stimulation. It is concluded that somatosensory input increases motor excitability in rat. This increase outlasts the stimulation period and is mediated by supraspinal structures, likely motor cortex. Modulation of motor cortex excitability by somatosensory input may play a role in motor learning and recovery from lesion. 相似文献
17.
Luft FC 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2001,78(11):589-591
Journal of Molecular Medicine - 相似文献
18.
Angiotensin II (AT(1)) receptor blockade reduces vascular tissue factor in angiotensin II-induced cardiac vasculopathy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The American journal of pathology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
19.
20.
Association of volume with outcome of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Scheduled vs nonscheduled operations 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11
J A Showstack K E Rosenfeld D W Garnick H S Luft R W Schaffarzick J Fowles 《JAMA》1987,257(6):785-789
Empirical evidence suggests that mortality rates for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are lower in hospitals that perform a higher volume of the procedure. In recent years, the criteria for CABG surgery have been expanded to include patients with a wide variety of co-morbidities. To address the question of whether the volume-outcome relationship continues to exist for this new group of patients, discharge abstracts for 18,986 CABG operations at 77 hospitals in California in 1983 were analyzed using multiple-regression techniques. Higher-volume hospitals had lower in-hospital mortality (adjusted for case mix); this effect was greatest in patients who might be characterized as having "non-scheduled" CABG surgery. Higher-volume hospitals also had shorter average postoperative lengths of stay and fewer patients with extremely long stays. The results of this study suggest that the greatest improvement in average outcomes for CABG surgery would result from the closure of low-volume surgery units. 相似文献