成人麻疹基础研究进展

麻疹是由麻疹病毒引起的呼吸道传染病,在20世纪50年代以前,每隔2!3年会有1次麻疹大流行,人群中易感者超过40%即可引起大流行。自1963年世界各国开始推广使用麻疹疫苗,麻疹的流行情况一度得到了控制,在21世纪最初10年中地球上全面消灭麻疹已成为世界各国奋斗的目标。但     

High-frequency Noise-induced Hearing Loss Disrupts Functional Connectivity in Non-auditory Areas with Cognitive Disturbances

Dear Editor, Approximately 500 million individuals suffer from hearing loss worldwide.The number of hearing-impaired individ-uals is estimated to increase to 90...     

Scutellarin,a modulator of mTOR,attenuates hepatic insulin resistance by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism via SREBP‐1c suppression

High levels of consumption of saturated lipids have been largely associated with the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases. In particular, saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA) have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR). Scutellarin (Scu) is one of the effective traditional Chinese medicines considered beneficial for liver diseases and diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effect of Scu on IR and lipid metabolism disorders in vitro and in high fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. In vitro, we found that Scu decreased insulin‐dependent lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of CD36, Fasn, and ACC in PA‐treated HepG2 cells. Additionally, Scu upregulated Akt phosphorylation and improved the insulin signalling pathway. Moreover, Scu downregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and the n‐SREBP‐1c protein level and also reduced lipid accumulation via the mTOR‐dependent pathway, as confirmed by the molecular docking of Scu to mTOR. In HFD‐fed C57BL/6 mice, Scu improved oral glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance and the IR index and also increased the Akt phosphorylation level. Moreover, Scu reduced hepatocyte steatosis, decreased lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels, inhibited mTOR phosphorylation, and decreased the SREBP‐1c level in the liver. Taken together, these findings suggest that Scu ameliorates hepatic IR by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism via the mTOR‐dependent pathway through SREBP‐1c suppression.     

Optimum fabrication parameters for preparing high performance SERS substrates based on Si pyramid structure and silver nanoparticles

In this work, we propose simple and inexpensive methods to prepare micro/nano hierarchical Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates, in which pyramid structure is created by using anisotropic wet etching of a silicon wafer and a silver thin film is deposited on these pyramid arrays by thermal evaporation. The ensemble is then annealed at 450 °C for 2 hours to form silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The sizes and density of the pyramids and AgNPs are optimized mainly by changing the etching temperature (60–80 °C), the thickness of the Ag-film (15–45 nm) and etching time (3–10 min). The ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) absorbance spectra show that the AgNPs formed with the 30 nm-thick film exhibit the strongest plasmonic effect. Under these conditions, the spherical AgNPs with sizes of 42–48 nm are densely distributed on the silicon micro-pyramid array. The obtained SERS signal is the strongest at the pyramid base-edge size of 7–10 μm. The enhancement factor obtained from the abamectin probe molecules is as high as 1 × 10⁶ and the SERS substrates enable the detection of abamectin concentrations as low as 5.7 × 10⁻⁹ M. Therefore, this work provides a novel SERS substrate structure that has a high potential for use in medicine and biotechnology or as a food security sensor.

AgNPs@PSi substrate can detect abamectin molecules at concentrations as low as 5.7 × 10⁻⁹ M, with an enhancement factor of 1 × 10⁶. Such a remarkable SERS substrate promises great potential for practical applications in food security.     

A rapid and highly effective approach for SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid daily testing in more than four thousand single‐tube samples

BackgroundPresently, the global spread of COVID‐19 is still going on, with more than 0.6 million new cases confirmed per day (as of November 20, 2021). However, since China entered a post‐epidemic phase in mid‐March 2020, the daily number of new domestic infections in the Chinese mainland has been maintained at almost zero or single digits, which was attributed to a series of effective measures for COVID‐19 prevention and control adopted by the Chinese government. Among these measures, SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid testing holds key role for the timely confirmation and isolation of the infections to prevent further transmission.MethodsReferring to the national policy requirements, since April 30, 2020, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University has conducted SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid testing in its PCR laboratory for patients and social workers, as well as for environmental monitoring and employee screening. As of mid‐November 2020, the daily amount of single‐tube samples for nucleic acid testing rose above 4,000.ResultsIn this article, a rapid and highly effective approach for SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid daily testing is presented, allowing five technicians to complete nucleic acid testing in 6,500 single‐tube samples in one day with a high level of quality. Using this approach, since the samples entered the PCR laboratory, all testing results were reported in 2.5–3 h with satisfactory quality control and precise reporting criterion as prerequisites.ConclusionThis testing approach provides a referable workflow for other testing institutions and is expected to play an important role in COVID‐19 prevention and control.     

口腔内就位道观测仪指导口腔医学生固定义齿牙备的实验研究

目的 研究口腔内就位道观测仪在口腔医学生固定义齿就位道确定中的作用。方法 选取80名经过系统牙体制备理论教育的医学生,随机分为四组(A1组：采用就位道观测仪指导制备前牙;A2组：采用常规目测法制备前牙;B1组：采用就位道观测仪指导制备后牙;B2组：采用常规目测法制备后牙),每组各20名,分别在仿真头颅模型系统上模拟21、36缺失进行固定桥基牙制备。制备后用3D扫描仪行口内模型扫描,将获取数据导入CAD软件进行倒凹及会聚度的分析和测量。凡预备体无倒凹者为合格,存在倒凹者为不合格。采用统计学软件进行合格率及基牙平均会聚度的分析。结果 A1组合格16人(合格率为80%);A2组合格9人(合格率为45%);B1组合格15人(合格率为75%);B2组合格5人(合格率40%)。数据分析表明,A1组优于A2组,两者存在差异性(P<0.05),B1组优于B2组,两者存在高度差异性(P<0.01)。桥基牙会聚度A1组优于A2组,B1组优于B2组,均存在高度差异性(P<0.001)。结论 使用口内就位道观测仪可以提高医学生固定义齿共同就位道的成功率。     

临床护理路径在13C尿素呼气试验体检人群中的应用

目的 探讨临床护理路径(clinical nursing pathway,CNP)在13C尿素呼气试验(13 C-urea breath test,13C-UBT)体检人群中的应用效果.方法 便利抽样法选择2015年5月至2016年8月在山东大学齐鲁医院健康体检中心进行13C-UBT检查的1000名体检者为研究对象,将实施CNP前(2015年5-12月)的500名体检者为对照组,给予常规护理;实施CNP后(2016年1-8月)的500名体检者为观察组,将CNP应用于护理中,比较两组体检者13C-UBT检查的成功率及满意度.结果 观察组体检者13C-UBT检查的成功率及满意度均高于对照组体检者,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 将CNP应用于13C-UBT检查中,有利于提高体检者的满意度及13C-UBT检查的成功率,值得在临床推广应用.     

立体定向技术建立大鼠颞叶癫痫模型

目的 探讨立体定向技术在建立大鼠颞叶癫痫模型的实用性及模型长久癫痫敏感性的病理学基础。方法 按公斤体重计算的红藻氨酸剂量，应用立体定向手术一次性注入大鼠的海马组织，于手术后不同的时间段观察大鼠的癫痫发作情况和海马组织的形态学变化。结果 手术后的大鼠在经历“湿狗样抖动”、口唇和头的自运动症、前肢抽搐、后肢抽搐后，进入强直一阵挛性全身发作。以后，每周均有自行发作，发作表现与人类颞叶癫痫发作基本一致。海马神经元的缺失、胶质细胞增生是模型长期癫痫敏感性的基础。结论 立体定向手术建立的大鼠颞叶癫痫模型发作形式、病理学基础与人类的颞叶癫痫基本一致，并且具有长期的癫痫敏感性。同时，应用立体定向技术局部注药，用药量较系统给药明显减少，耗资大大降低，是临床科研中既可靠又经济实用的方法。