喉癌围手术期细胞免疫功能改变的意义

目的：了解喉癌患者围手术期细胞免疫的状况及手术相关因素对患者细胞免疫的影响;了解T淋巴细胞水平与喉癌临床特征,病程进展的关系。方法：应用SAP法检测喉癌术前2d及术后12d外周血CD3^ ,CD4^ ,CD8^ 细胞水平及CD4^ ／CD8^ 比率的改变,并联系临床分期、淋巴结转移,复发综合分析。结果：喉癌患者CD3^ ,CD4^ ,CD8^ 细胞水平及CD4^ ／CD8^比正常对照组明显下降;术后CD3^ ,CD4^ ,CD8^ 有进一步下降的倾向。晚期喉癌患者CD4^＋细胞水平,CD4^ ／CD8^ 比率明显下降（P＜0．05）。淋 巴结转移者CD4^ ／CD8^ 亦下降,CD8^ 细胞水平却相对升高;复发患者的CD8^ 细胞水平相对提高。结论：喉癌患者T淋 巴细胞免疫功能低下,全麻、手术创伤及术后复合因素是喉癌术后免疫功能进一步低下的原因。CD4^ ,CD8^ 细胞水平及CD4^ ／CD8^ 比率是表明喉癌患者病期进展,淋巴结转移,复发的免疫学指标,围手术期需行免疫治疗。     

治疗复发性喉乳头状瘤喉造口激光切除术

目的：研究治疗复发性喉乳头状瘤的方法。方法：为3例病变范围广泛或多次复发的喉乳头状瘤患者行喉造口激光切除术。结果：3例患者分别经过3次,2次,10次手术治愈,经过半年到3年的随访,肿瘤无复发,喉功能恢复良好。结论：1、此种术式通过一次喉造口,可充分暴露病变,反复精确地切除肿瘤,从而有效地减少了肿瘤种植及复发,可多次切除病变而不需反复行喉裂开术,损伤相对较小,适用于易复发且范围广的喉乳头状瘤,2、采用激光手术治疗喉乳头状瘤,可有效地恢复正常的喉功能,损伤小,疗效好。     

梨状窝癌局部扩展的病理学研究

目的 探讨梨状窝癌局部扩展的规律,为梨状窝癌的手术治疗提供病理学依据。方法 应用石蜡包埋大体标本连续切片的方法,对２６例梨状窝癌全喉及次全喉及次全喉切除的标本进行了观察。结果 位于梨状窝外侧壁的肿瘤（４例）主要向外侧咽侧壁扩展,位于梨状窝内侧壁的肿瘤（５例）容易向喉腔及对侧梨状窝扩展。累及整个梨状窝１７例。声门旁间隙及甲状软骨是最易受侵犯的喉结构,环状软骨受侵较少;会厌及会厌前间隙的侵犯未见超过中     

The prevalence of NIDDM and IGT and related factors among residents in some areas of Hubei Province, China

The epidemiological survey of prevalence of NIDDM (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) and IGT(impaired glucose tolerance) was conducted among 9450 residents aged 25-70 in some areas of Hubei Province, China. The results show that NIDDM and IGT prevalences are 2.62% and 4.48%, respectively. There is no significant difference between male and female (P > 0.05). The NIDDM prevalence in cities is slightly higher than that in countryside, but the difference is not significant (P > 0.05). However, the IGT prevalence in city is significantly higher than that in countryside (P < 0.01). The prevalence of both NIDDM and IGT is increasing along with the age of the population. It is also significantly related to the family history of NIDDM, hypertension, and high body mass index (BMI). By using stepwise logistic regression to analyse the risk factors of NIDDM, age (OR = 1.86), BMI(OR = 2.69), family history (OR = 2.84) and hypertension (OR = 2.23) entered the model (significance level is alpha = 0.05).     

米索前列醇用于足月妊娠引产的临床研究

目的探讨米索前列醇用于足月妊娠引产的临床应用价值。方法将２３６例符合引产指征的单胎、头位,尚未临产的孕妇随机分为米索前列醇引产组及催产素引产组。结果米索前列醇用于足月妊娠引产的有效率为９４．３％,显著高于催产素组７８．３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）;其临产发动时间及总产程分别为２．８１±０．４９ｈ和６．４０±２．３１ｈ,短于催产素的３．９８±０．２９ｈ及９．１２±２．５０ｈ（Ｐ＜０．０１）;剖宫产率为９．０４％;亦显著低于催产素组（１９．１４％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）;两组胎儿宫内窘迫发生率、新生儿体重及Ａｐｇａｒ评分、产后出血量均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论米索前列醇用于足月妊娠引产疗效显著,安全、方便,而且有利于计划分娩,值得临床推广应用     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人体血浆中克拉维酸钾羟氨苄青霉素的含量

目的 :采用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定服用克拉维酸钾羟氨苄青霉素颗粒剂和片剂后人血浆中的克拉维酸和羟氨苄青霉素的浓度。方法 :以ODS柱为分析柱 ,磷酸盐缓冲液 -三乙胺缓冲液 -甲醇 ( 87∶1 3∶2 5) ,用磷酸调 pH至 3作流动相 ,柱温 :3 5℃ ;检测波长 :2 2 2nm。 结果 :本法中羟氨苄青霉素的平均回收率为 99 0 1 %～ 99 75% ,RSD为 1 7%～ 3 2 % ;克拉维酸钾的平均回收率为 97 95%～ 1 0 0 0 % ,RSD为 0 8%～ 2 0 %。 2种药物的日内和日间RSD小于 6 4 % ,血浆中的标准曲线相关良好 ,克拉维酸和羟氨苄青霉素在血浆中的最低检测浓度分别为 0 2 4和 0 2 5μg·mL- 1。结论 :以此条件可对克拉维酸钾羟氨苄青霉素进行药代动力学参数研究     

喉癌、下咽癌颈廓清组织中转移淋巴结的分布研究

对54侧经临床检查或／和CT扫描确诊为有淋巴结转移而行预廓清的标本进行病理学观察，发现：喉癌、下咽癌淋巴结转移有一定规律可循，即LevelⅡ、Ⅲ有较高的转移率，LevelⅣ、Ⅵ的发生率较低，而LevelⅠ、LevelⅤ很少发生转移。提示：喉癌、下咽癌病人的颈廓清的施术应在颈LevelⅡ～Ⅳ廓清的同时行同侧甲状腺侧叶的切除以将颈中器官周围淋巴结清扫彻底。对LevelⅠ，LevelⅤ的清扫应在临床触诊、CT检查的证实下或术中发现转移时方可进行．以减少颈廓清手术范围、手术时间和术后并发症的发生。     

Synovial sarcoma in childhood: Clinical and radiological findings

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics andradiological features of synovial sarcoma in childhood and its relation to the diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The clinical radiological features of 15 children with synovial sarcoma proved surgically and pathologically were analyzed. Results: In children, the tumor boundaries are poorly defined due to paucity of fat, and metastasis usually occurs early. Eight patients in this series had bone involvement, including: direct erosion by tumor causing cortical destruction, indirect pressure defect with sharp margin and reactive bone sclerosis and bone destruction of the primary intraosseous synovial sarcoma. Conclusion: The tumor is often misdiagnosed, the final confirmed diagnosis must be made by histological examination with imaging findings. It is emphasized that the patients should be treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy preoperatively and postoperatively.     

Neural response to emotional salience in schizophrenia.

Neuroimaging probes of brain regions implicated in emotion represent an important research strategy for understanding emotional dysfunction in schizophrenia. Anterior limbic structures, such as the ventral striatum and the amygdala, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the generation of emotional responses, although few studies to date have used emotion probes to target these areas in schizophrenia. With this goal in mind, emotionally salient visual images were used in a simple, nondemanding task. In all, 13 medicated, schizophrenic patients, five unmedicated patients, and 10 healthy volunteers viewed complex visual pictures and a nonsalient, blank screen while regional cerebral blood flow was measured with the [O-15] water technique. Pictures consisted of real world scenes with aversive, positive, and nonaversive content. Eye movements were recorded simultaneous with scan acquisition. Positron emission tomography images were analyzed for baseline, tonic activity, in addition to phasic changes ('activation') to salient stimuli. Lateral eye movement measures and on-line ratings showed good behavioral compliance with the task. Patients with schizophrenia showed impaired neural responses to salient stimuli in the right ventral striatum (VS), and they exhibited elevated tonic activity levels in the right VS and bilateral amygdala, inversely correlated with overall symptom severity. The patients also showed reduced modulation of visual cortex by salient stimuli. The results show that patients with schizophrenia exhibit impaired neural responses to emotionally salient stimuli in the VS, supporting a role for this structure in the pathophysiology of the illness. Reduced modulation of visual cortex by emotionally salient stimuli also suggests a failure to organize cerebral activity at a global level.     

冶炼厂烟尘PM_(2.5)复合污染探讨

目的　通过本研究确定 ,现有除尘设备是否还存在PM2 5复合污染。方法　通过化学、电子显微镜及电子能谱、GC MS等仪器对上述样品多种污染成分及粒径进行定性、定量测定。结果　上述复合污染成分 :水 2 2 % ,有机物 34 75 % ,无机物 4 3 75 %。无机物以Cu、C、Pb、Al为主 ,它们的粒径≤ 1 1μm ,有机污染物14 0多种 ,以酚类及PAHs为主 ,无机物中除铅、砷等重金属 ,还有砷酸、磷酸。结论　在现有除尘设备条件下的冶炼厂烟尘污染为多种重金属、酸性氧化物及几十种有机污染物 (酚类及PAHs)的复合污染 ,它们的粒径分布大多≤ 1 1μm。