Evaluation of Serum Zinc Status of Pregnant Women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum zinc status of pregnant women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) in 2015–2016. Methods: A total of 7147 apparently healthy pregnant women were randomly selected in 302 national monitoring sites. Information on age, race, residence region, education, pregnancy, and family income per annum was collected, and the concentration of serum zinc was determined. The evaluation of serum zinc status was further performed according to the recommendations by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). Results: The median concentration of serum zinc was 858.9 μg/L with an interquartile range (IQR) of 712.9 μg/L and 1048.9 μg/L, while the overall prevalence of zinc deficiency was 3.5% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.0% and 3.9%. Serum zinc status of pregnant women changed greatly in the different categories, particular in pregnancy and family income per annum (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of zinc deficiency (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The lower prevalence of zinc deficiency generally indicated a better zinc status for pregnant women in the CACDNS in 2015–2016. However, a well-designed evaluation system of zinc status for pregnant women should be continually optimized and improved by inducing more parameters such as biochemical, dietary, or functional indicators.     

Potential Role of Probiotics in Ameliorating Psoriasis by Modulating Gut Microbiota in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Mice

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated systemic disease that may be treated with probiotics. In this study, probiotic strains that could or could not decrease interleukin (IL)-17 levels were applied to imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mice via oral administration. Bifidobacterium adolescentis CCFM667, B. breve CCFM1078, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CCFM1074, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri CCFM1132 ameliorated psoriasis-like pathological characteristics and suppressed the release of IL-23/T helper cell 17 (Th17) axis-related inflammatory cytokines, whereas B. animalis CCFM1148, L. paracasei CCFM1147, and L. reuteri CCFM1040 neither alleviated the pathological characteristics nor reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines. All effective strains increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids, which were negatively correlated with the levels of inflammatory cytokines. By performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the diversity of gut microbiota in psoriasis-like mice was found to decrease, but all effective strains made some specific changes to the composition of gut microbiota compared to the ineffective strains. Furthermore, except for B. breve CCFM1078, all other effective strains decreased the abundance of the family Rikenellaceae, which was positively correlated with psoriasis-like pathological characteristics and was negatively correlated with propionate levels. These findings demonstrated effects of strain-specificity, and how probiotics ameliorated psoriasis and provide new possibilities for the treatment of psoriasis.     

北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用状况及健康风险评估

目的了解北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用及卫生状况,评估各场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险。方法2018年5—9月,采集东城区内三类共26家公共场所冷却塔冷却水,填写相关调查问卷,通过冷却塔军团菌病健康风险指数模型计算各场所健康风险。结果本次研究中各场所冷却水样本嗜肺军团菌检测均为阴性,合格率为100%。游离性余氯平均为0.15 mg/L。酒店类场所冷却塔规模、加药方式和频率与其他场所有明显差别。26家公共场所健康综合风险平均为61.49,其中军团菌增殖风险、含菌气溶胶传播风险、暴露人群易感风险分别为16.13、22.66和22.70。不同场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险评估结果存在一定差异,医院类场所健康风险指数高于酒店和商场(F=3.78,P<0.05)。结论冷却塔军团菌病健康风险高低主要受公共场所周围易感人群影响,该地区相关卫生部门应加强对相关易感人群的保护,对各类场所相关政策法规进行制定、完善和实施。     

饮水型地方性氟中毒病区儿童氟斑牙患病情况与血清化学元素的关系

目的探讨改水后儿童氟斑牙患病情况和儿童体内化学元素的关系。方法采用分层抽样调查方法,根据西安市疾病预防控制中心近20年的监测资料,将西安市饮水型地方性氟中毒病区按照改水年限1~、5~、10~及≥15年进行分层,每层抽取2个病区自然村为调查点。每个调查点选择7~13岁学龄期儿童为调查对象,检查氟斑牙患病情况;并采集血样,检测血清中14种化学元素(钙、铁、镁、铜、锌、碘、硒、铅、砷、镉、铬、氟、汞、镍)含量。分析不同改水年限以及不同氟斑牙患病情况儿童体内化学元素含量的差异。结果不同改水年限的病区村(1~、5~、10~及≥15年)儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为51.40%(55/107)、16.92%(11/65)、16.67%(17/102)和5.08%(6/118),差异有统计学意义(χ²=74.444,P<0.05)。不同改水年限儿童体内血清钙、铜、铁、镁、锌、碘、硒、铅、砷、铬、氟、镍含量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。氟斑牙儿童体内铁、锌、镍含量均低于正常儿童(P均<0.05),氟斑牙儿童体内氟含量高于正常儿童(P<0.05)。氟斑牙儿童与正常儿童体内的其余化学元素含量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论改水年限≥15年的病区村儿童氟斑牙检出率最低,改水降氟可减少儿童氟斑牙检出率。病区儿童存在部分化学元素缺乏的问题。     

2008-2018年云南省人间布鲁菌病流行特征及灰色GM(1,1)模型预测

目的分析云南省布鲁菌病(简称布病)流行特征,建立灰色GM(1,1)模型,预测云南省布病病情。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统和云南省统计局2008-2018年云南省布病疫情数据和人口资料,分析布病流行病学特征(包括时间、地区、人群分布),并以灰色GM(1,1)模型进行建模,预测2019、2020年云南省布病发病率。结果2008-2018年云南省共报告布病病例1216例,年均发病率为0.2374/10万,呈逐年递增趋势(χ²趋势=843.34,P<0.01)。病例报告主要集中在3-9月份,占总病例数的69.41%(844/1216)。病例报告数居前5位的州市分别为红河州(289例)、曲靖市(264例)、昆明市(258例)、大理州(160例)、玉溪市(134例),占总病例数的90.87%(1105/1216)。职业以农民为主,占79.03%(961/1216)。建立灰色GM(1,1)模型预测2019、2020年云南省布病发病率分别为0.4876/10万和0.4817/10万。结论云南省布病发病较以往上升,应对重点地区、重点人群进行针对性防控,并对预测结果进行前瞻性评价,逐步完善云南省布病预测模型。     

Gestational Women’s Perceptions About the Harms of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use During Pregnancy

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine differences between perceived harm of cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use while pregnant and differences between healthcare providers’ communication about these products during pregnancy.

Methods

A convenience sample of gestational women (n?=?218; ages 18–45) living in the US completed an online survey between May and December 2017. Participants reported perceived likelihood of adverse health outcomes (e.g., low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome) among infants/children born to mothers who used cigarettes/e-cigarettes. T-tests and two-way ANOVAs examined differences between risk perceptions of using cigarettes/e-cigarettes while pregnant based on pregnancy status (previously pregnant, currently pregnant, future pregnant). Chi-square analyses examined differences between healthcare provider communication about cigarette/e-cigarette use during pregnancy.

Results

Overall, participants believed adverse health outcomes were significantly more likely to be caused by maternal use of cigarettes than e-cigarettes. Participants who planned to be pregnant reported higher endorsement that smoking combustible cigarettes would cause a miscarriage (p?<?.05) or increased blood pressure (p?<?.05) for a child than currently pregnant participants. Participants reported healthcare providers asked about (p?<?.05), advised them not to use (p?<?.001), and talked to them about health effects of smoking combustible cigarettes while pregnant (p?<?.001) significantly more than e-cigarettes.

Conclusions for Practice

Healthcare providers working with pregnant women should perform the 5As behavioral intervention method to provide pregnant women with tobacco cessation care. They should also discuss the absolute harm nicotine exposure (via cigarettes or e-cigarettes) can have on fetal health and development.

     

Does hospital competition lead to medical equipment expansion? Evidence on the medical arms race

Health Care Management Science - With the implementation of a series of pro-competition policies in China, the hospital market competition has been intensified dramatically over the past decade....     

产妇产后初次泌乳时间及相关因素调查

目的 调查产妇产后初次泌乳时间及相关因素,为产妇产后泌乳指导工作提供参考资料。方法 以2020年1—12月在重庆市大足区2家医院住院分娩的产妇为研究对象进行问卷调查,收集产妇基本情况及喂养相关因素,并对产妇初次泌乳时间进行随访跟踪调查。采用描述流行病学分析方法对产妇产后初次泌乳时间进行分析,并采用单、多因素方法分析产妇产后初次泌乳时间的影响因素。结果 共671名产妇纳入研究,年龄21~43岁,平均（31.6±2.9）岁,其中初产妇438人,经产妇233人;胎数单胎642人,双胎29人;分娩方式阴道分娩512人,剖宫产159人。产后初次泌乳时间<24 h 329人、24~<48 h 176人、48~<72 h 105人、≥72 h 61人,分别占49.03%、26.23%、15.65%、9.09%。有序多分类Logistic回归分析显示年龄≥35岁（OR=1.895）、经产（OR=0.689）、分娩孕周≥37周（OR=0.498）、分娩方式为剖宫产（OR=1.637）、乳头凹陷/扁平（OR=2.565）、母婴同室（OR=0.520）、首次吸吮乳房时间≥30 min（OR=2.787）、每天吸吮乳房次数越多（OR=0.845）是产后初次泌乳时间的影响因素。结论 重庆市大足区产妇产后初次泌乳时间以<24 h所占比例较大,初次泌乳时间受到年龄、产次、分娩孕周、分娩方式、乳头凹陷/扁平、母婴同室、首次吸吮乳房时间、每天吸吮乳房次数多种因素影响,应当加强孕前、产前教育,鼓励阴道分娩,产后早接触、早吸吮、多吸吮促进泌乳,提高母乳喂养率,促进母婴健康。     

37所医院消化内镜超声探头清洗消毒现况调查

目的 了解目前国内消化内镜超声探头的清洗消毒现状及存在的问题。方法 采用问卷调查的方式对全国范围内37所医院的消化内镜超声探头清洗和消毒灭菌情况进行调查。结果 70.27%的医院内镜超声探头数量为1~3条,奥林巴斯品牌最多（72.97%）,48.65%的医院内镜中心每日使用探头的患者例数为0~5例;83.78%的医院采用专人清洗消毒内镜超声探头,人员主要以护理员为主（51.35%）;清洗方法以"酶洗-擦洗-擦干"为主（89.19%）,清洗时间以>1 min为主（62.16%）;83.78%的医院内镜超声探头消毒方式为化学消毒剂浸泡,其中以邻苯二甲醛（70.27%）和全浸泡消毒（48.65%）为主;消毒时间以≥ 5 min为主（56.76%）;27.03%的医院对内镜超声探头进行灭菌,其中以"一用一灭菌"（21.62%）和过氧乙酸浸泡10 min（10.81%）为主;消毒灭菌后的内镜超声探头主要放置在内镜储存柜（56.76%）;78.38%的医院对当日拟使用的内镜超声探头进行再次消毒;56.76%的医院从未对消毒后的内镜超声探头进行消毒效果监测。结论 37所医院对内镜超声探头清洗和消毒灭菌情况存在一定差异,建议尽快制定内镜超声探头清洗消毒相关国家标准,规范内镜超声探头的清洗消毒流程。