Muscle injury induced by different types of contractions in dystrophic mdx mice

Studies on comparing the effect of lengthening, isometric and shortening contractions on dystrophin-deficient muscles are unavailable. We hypothesized that different types of contractions lead to different extents to which dystrophin-deficient muscles are injured. For this purpose, we developed protocols for different types of contraction-induced injury to mdx muscles in vitro. Force deficits and percentages of procion orange dye positive fibers were employed to assess the extent of injury to each muscle. Our results revealed that both the lengthening and isometric contractions resulted in significantly greater injury to extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of mdx mice than to that of control (C57BL/6) mice. In contrast, the shortening contractions induced very mild and identical injury to EDL muscles of mdx and C57BL/6 mice. Then another protocol was carried out in vivo to ascertain the effect of shortening contractions on mdx muscles by achillotenotomy. Histological assessment revealed that the triceps surae muscles with excised Achilles tendon (EAT) displayed little and significantly milder injury than the normal ones did. In conclusions, the unloaded shortening contractions induce little injury to mdx muscles. The in vitro protocol for different types of contraction-induced injury is sensitive and reliable.     

Relation between eardrum flap area and healing outcome of traumatic eardrum perforation

Objective: To retrospectively study the clinical effects of eardrum flap area on the healing outcome following traumatic perforation.Methods: Totally 291 traumatic eardrum perforations with in-/everted edges were included in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups and received conservative treatment, epidermal growth factor (EGF) via Gelfoam patching, or edge-approximation plus Gelfoam patching respectively. Patients in each group were further divided into two subgroups according to the eardrum flap area ≤ 1/2 or ＞1/2 of the perforation size. The healing rate and mean closure time after tympanic membrane perforation were evaluated at three months.Results: Of the total 291 participants, 281 were included in the final statistical analysis. The area of curled edge did not affect the healing outcome significantly in any groups (P＞0.05). The healing rate varied slightly: 90.7％ vs 92.3％ in spontaneous healing group, 98.2％ vs 97.4％ in EGF via Gelfoam patching group, and 96.5％ vs 100％ in edge-approximation plus Gelfoam patching group. In addition, in all groups the area of curled edge did not affect the mean closure time significantly (P＞0.05). The closure time was (32.3±2.4) d vs (30.6±3.1) d in sponaneous healing group, (13.4±2.5) d vs (13.1± 1.9) d in EGF via Gelfoam patching group, and (11.9±3.1) d vs (12.2±2.1) d in edge-approximation plus Gelfoam patching group.Conclusion: The eardrum flap area of traumatic eardrum perforation does not significantly affect the clinical outcomes.     

经阴道入路直肠肿瘤切除术二例

报告2例女性患者经阴道人路进行直肠肿瘤切除术即经自然腔道内镜手术（NOTES）的经过和术后情况。2例患者均为直肠肿瘤,先后于2010年6月8日和2010年8月10日实施NOTES直肠肿瘤切除。手术除脐部这一天然皱褶外,在腹部未使用辅助Trocar,术中使用常规腹腔镜器械,术后腹部无可见的瘢痕。病理诊断分别为直肠管状绒毛状腺瘤和直肠浸润型中分化腺癌。目前,2例患者均已恢复正常工作和生活,夫妻双方性生活均无不适感。     

慈溪市25～55岁居民高血压患病情况及其原因分析

目的:了解慈溪市25～55岁居民高血压患病情况及相关的危险因素,为制定高血压防治措施提供依据。方法:进行整群随机抽样,调查2010年慈溪市城乡25周岁以上的常住人口。调查内容包括:性别、年龄、体重指数、生活习惯及其受教育程度等。结果:慈溪市城乡25～55岁居民高血压患病率为11.44%,其中城市为10.17%,乡村为13.02%。随年龄增大而逐渐增高,35岁以上患病率上升幅度明显。高血压危险因素有年龄、超重或肥胖(BMI≥25)、腹型肥胖、高脂血症、高钠饮食、饮酒偏多等。保护因素有受教育程度、素食偏多等。结论:慈溪市25～55岁居民高血压患病率呈较快上升趋势,主要危险因素为年龄、高脂血症、超重、腹型肥胖、饮酒偏多。     

从中医体质学说研究老年中风病

中风是目前严重危害人类健康和生命的疾病之一,具有发病率高、致残率高、死亡率高的特点。老年中风病发病与体质有着密切的关系,体质影响疾病的易感性,影响疾病的病理变化与证候类型,影响疾病的转归及预后。通过研究老年中风病患者的体质特点,并对其进行预防、治疗和调护,可以降低发病率、致残率、死亡率,提高人们的健康水平。     

ZEB1的表达与肺鳞状细胞癌侵袭及转移的关系

目的：探讨锌指E-盒结合同源异形盒-1 (ZEB1)在肺鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达,分析ZEB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平与肺鳞状细胞癌侵袭及转移的关系。方法：选择45例肺鳞状细胞癌行外科手术切除的患者,根据所取组织与肿瘤的距离不同分为肺鳞状细胞癌组织和癌旁正常肺组织,采用RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测肺鳞状细胞癌组织和癌旁正常肺组织中ZEB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况,并分析肺鳞状细胞癌不同临床病理特征ZEB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达差异;构建ZEB1特异性siRNA载体,感染肺癌NCI-H2170细胞,设未转染对照组、转染照组和ZEB1 siRNA转染组,应用Western blotting方法从蛋白质水平检测各组干扰质粒对ZEB1基因的干扰效果,通过Transwell侵袭小室观察各组NCI-H2170细胞侵袭能力的变化。结果： ZEB1 mRNA在肺鳞状细胞癌组织中的阳性表达率显著高于癌旁正常肺组织（P＜0.05）;在淋巴结转移、远处转移阳性者肺癌组织中的阳性表达率显著高于其在淋巴结转移、远处转
移阴性者肺癌组织中的表达（P<0.05）;但ZEB1 mRNA的表达与肺鳞状细胞癌患者的性别、年龄及肿瘤大小及分化程度无关(P>0.05)。肺鳞状细胞癌组织中ZEB1蛋白的表达与ZEB1 mRNA的表达结果类似,ZEB1蛋白在肺鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达量显著高于癌旁正常肺组织（P<0.05）;在淋巴结转移和远处转移阳性者癌组织中的表达显著高于其在淋巴结转移和远处转移阴性者癌组织中的表达（P<0.05）。下调NCI-H2170细胞中ZEB1蛋白的表达后,NCI-H2
170细胞的侵袭及转移能力明显降低（P<0.05）。结论：ZEB1在肺鳞状细胞癌组织中高表达,表达变化与肺鳞状细胞癌的病理特征密切相关;运用RNA干扰技术有效沉默NCI-H2170细胞的ZEB1基因后,可显著降低NCI-H2170细胞的侵袭及转移能力,提示ZEB1在肺癌的发生发展中起重要作用,抑制ZEB1的表达可能成为一种治疗肺癌的方法。
     

创伤性膈疝24例临床分析

目的探讨创伤性膈疝的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析24例创伤性膈疝患者的致伤原因及诊断、治疗过程。结果 24例创伤性膈疝患者均行手术治疗,治愈22例,死亡2例,治愈率91.7%。结论对胸腹部创伤患者详细询问受伤情况,全面体格检查,根据X线、CT和临床特点多能得到早期诊断,及时手术治疗是提高治愈率的关键。     

Bioequivalence studies of 2 oral cefaclor capsule formulations in chinese healthy subjects

An open-label, single-dose, randomized, crossover study was carried out in 20 Chinese healthy male subjects to compare the pharmacokinetics of 2 cefaclor (CAS 53994-73-3) formulations after administration of a single 250 mg dose of each drug with a 1-week wash-out period. Blood samples were collected before and with 6 h after drug administration. Plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detector. 2 formulations were evaluated using the following pharmacokinetic parameters: AUC0-t, Cmax and tmax was analyzed nonparametrically. The 90% confidence interval (CI) of the ratios (teat/reference) of log-transformed AUC0-t and Cmax fell within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 80-125%. The results showed that the 90% CI of the ratios of AUC0-t and Cmax were 105.1% (101.0-109.4%) and 92.4% (82.5-103.4%), respectively, which therefore could conclude 2 oral cefaclor capsule formulations of cefaclor are bioequivalent. Both treatments showed similar tolerability and safety.