中国上海汉族人群NAD(P)H氧化酶p22phox亚基C242T基因多态性与脑卒中相关性

目的:研究NAD(P)H氧化酶p22phox亚基C242T基因多态性与脑卒中的相关性?方法:收集118例脑出血患者?125例脑梗死患者和147例正常对照组,研究对象均来自上海地区汉族人群,3组在年龄?性别构成比?体质指数(BMI)等基线指标均没有明显差异,分别进行血糖?血脂等各项指标的测定,用聚合酶链反应?限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR－RFLP)和基因测序方法比较其在不同人群中的基因突变频率?结果:脑出血组?脑梗死组CT + TT基因型(9.3%?9.6%)和T等位基因(4.7%?5.2%),均明显高于对照组(2.0%和1.0%,P < 0.05),脑梗死组中发现1例TT基因型,出血组与正常对照组均未发现TT基因型,与基因测序结果一致?采用二分类Logistic回归分析p22phox亚基C242T基因多态性与脑出血的相关性(β = 1.712,OR = 5.537,95%CI:1.120~27.381,P = 0.036),与脑梗死的相关性(β = 1.432,OR = 4.187,95%CI:0.934~18.774,P = 0.061),表明C242T基因多态性可能是脑出血?脑梗死的危险因素?结论:NAD(P)H氧化酶p22phox亚基C242T多态性与脑出血?脑梗死均有一定的相关性,可能是脑卒中的一个危险因素?但与高血压和饮酒等传统危险因素相比,C242T多态性对脑梗死的影响并不显著?     

痘苗病毒真核表达载体pMJ601的转化与鉴定

目的 对痘苗病毒表达载体ｐＭＪ６０１进行转化与鉴定,为进一步实施痘苗病毒为载体的基因治疗作必要的准备。方法 利用感受态细胞的制备及转化、质粒抽提、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、限制性内切酶酶切等多种基因工程技术对质粒ｐＭＪ６０１进行转化及鉴定。结果 琼脂糖凝胶电泳清楚地显示了ｐＭＪ６０１质粒３条带和Ｂａｍ ＨＩ或Ｈｉｎｄ Ⅲ酶切后的线性条带。结论 痘苗病毒表达ｐＭＪ６０１的转化与鉴定,为痘苗病毒载体系统的基因治     

Oral Caffeine During Voluntary Exercise Markedly Inhibits Skin Carcinogenesis and Decreases Inflammatory Cytokines in UVB-Treated Mice

Ultraviolet B (UVB)-pretreated SKH-1 mice were treated with water, caffeine (0.1 mg/ml), voluntary running wheel exercise (RW) or caffeine together with RW for 14 wk. Treatment of the mice with caffeine, RW, or caffeine plus RW decreased skin tumors per mouse by 27%, 35%, and 62%, respectively, and the tumor volume per mouse was decreased by 61%, 70%, and 85%, respectively. In mechanistic studies, mice were treated with water, caffeine, RW, or caffeine plus RW for 2 wk prior to a single irradiation with UVB. Caffeine plus RW increased RW activity by 22% when compared with RW alone. Caffeine ingestion was not significantly different between groups. Treatment of mice with caffeine plus RW for 2 wk decreased the weight of the parametrial fat pads and stimulated the formation of UVB-induced apoptosis to a greater extent than treatment with caffeine or RW alone. An antibody array revealed that caffeine plus RW administered to mice fed a high-fat diet and irradiated with UVB decreased the epidermal levels of lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine, soluble TNF alpha receptor-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1γ. Overall, caffeine during RW exerts a stronger effect than either treatment alone for decreasing tissue fat, increasing UVB-induced apoptosis, lowering the levels of cytokines associated with inflammation and for inhibiting UVB-induced carcinogenesis.     

Eskimo women and a menstrual cycle study: Some ethnographic notes

This article examines ethnographic data collected from indigenous Alaskan women who participated in a menstrual cycle study conducted by The Tremin Trust Research Program, initially known as the Menstruation and Reproductive History Program (MRH). In the 1960s, the MRH program was expanded to Alaska to study non‐Caucasian women's menstrual cycles. In addition, an ethnographer collected data through participation observation from some 345 women who participated in the MRH study. These data were recorded in field notebooks during site visits to Alaskan villages. Major themes and contextual information were identified in the data that described the daily lives of the women and their experiences as research participants. Eskimo women described the cultural conflicts that arose during the conduct of the menstrual studies and problems encountered when the investigators failed to account for the traditional gender roles in Eskimo society. Cultural differences were apparent when the women described the culturally inappropriate health education provided by the research team. The goals of the menstrual cycle study emphasized research progress rather than the health needs of the research participants; this emphasis accentuated the severity of health problems and the lack of health services experienced by Eskimo women.     

The EPICS Family Bundle and its effects on stress and coping of families of critically Ill trauma patients

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate impact of the EPICS Family Bundle on stress and coping.BackgroundCritical care nurses frequently deal with family stress, but may be without knowledge and skills needed to assist families to cope.MethodsA non-equivalent control group design was used, with a convenience sample of 84 family members of critically ill patients. During the control phase, participants completed tools measuring stress and coping. The intervention included use of the EPICS Family Bundle. After implementation, participants completed the same tools as those administered during the control phase. Outcomes were analyzed using independent-sample t-tests.ResultsThe experimental group had a significantly higher coping score on two subscales; and although not statistically significant, it was also improved on an additional four.ConclusionAfter implementation of the intervention, families experienced improved coping. The study may have lacked sufficient power to detect all differences.     

The use of group sessions for the emotional support of families of terminal patients

Abstract

To meet the need for emotional support for family members of terminal patients, a weekly group session was established on a cancer unit. The group has allowed family members to share their fears, concerns, and doubts as well as receive support from other individuals experiencing similar traumatic situations. The development and goals of this group are discussed.     

先天性马蹄内翻足的手术治疗

目的 提高先天性马蹄内翻足的治疗效果,减少其并发症和复发率。方法 采用后路松解、胫前肌外移、Ｅｖａｎｓ和Ｉｉｚａｒｏｖ等手术治疗５个月￣１４岁儿童先天性马蹄内翻足３１５２例（４８４足）,按Ｇａｒｃｅａｕ疗效评定标准对疗效进行评价。     

The reproductive toxicity of cadmium chloride in male mice

Objective: To study the reproductive toxicity of cadmium chloride in male mice. Methods: Male mice of 4 weeks old were administered cadium chloride at doses of 0.5, 2 or 8 mg·kg-1·day-1 i.p. for 10 days. At day 50, the males were mated with virgin females at 1: 2. The pregnancy rate, the litter size and the body weight of the offspring were recorded; at the same time the development of the testis, the testicular index, the germ cell miosis and the epididymal sperm count, motility and malformed sperm were observed in the intoxicated males. Results: The testicular index was lower in the 2 and 8 mg/kg groups than in the controls and 0.5 mg/kg groups (P< 0.05). In the 2 and 8 mg/kg groups, there were testicular maldeve-lopment, epididymal azoospermia and infertility. The pregnancy rate was lower in the 2 mg/kg group than in the control and 0.5 mg/ kg group (P<0.05). The ectopic pregnancy rate of the cadmium chloride group was not significantly different from that of the controls. The sperm count, motility     

胫骨、股骨干骨折合并同侧膝关节内骨折的髓内钉治疗

目的　评价胫骨、股骨干骨折合并同侧膝关节内骨折的髓内钉治疗。方法　股骨髁间骨折合并股骨干骨折采用螺栓、松质骨螺钉及逆行髓内钉治疗 2 3例。胫骨平台骨折合并胫骨干骨折 1 2例 ,应用松质骨螺钉、髓内钉固定。结果　 30例解剖复位 ,5例功能复位。股骨、胫骨干骨折愈合平均 4 5～ 5个月。按Neer膝关节功能评分标准 ,优良率 85 7%。术后膝关节平均活动度 1 1 2 5°。结论　胫骨、股骨干骨折合并膝关节内骨折螺栓及松质骨螺钉固定后应用髓内钉治疗效果良好 ,膝关节功能恢复满意。