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61.
When performing line bisection tasks, neurologically normal individuals exhibit leftward biases. Similarly, normals also exhibit leftward biases during judgements of brightness, numerosity, and size. However, when these same judgement stimuli are visually bisected, this results in rightward bisection biases. These apparently contradictory results are complicated by the fact that bisection tasks are typically performed using single stimuli, whereas judgements of brightness, numerosity, and size are performed on pairs of stimuli. The present study examined the effects of visual bisection on pairs of stimuli. A sample of 34 undergraduate psychology volunteers exhibited leftward biases when making judgements of brightness, numerosity, and size. However, these same participants did not exhibit leftward bisection biases with the same stimuli. Instead, overall rightward bisection errors were observed. These results indicate that although these two types of tasks elicit similar perceptual biases, they are probably the result of different perceptual mechanisms. 相似文献
62.
Desanghere L Marotta JJ 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2011,212(2):177-187
When grasping an object, our gaze marks key positions to which the fingertips are directed. In contrast, eye fixations during
perceptual tasks are typically concentrated on an object’s centre of mass (COM). However, previous studies have typically
required subjects to either grasp the object at predetermined sites or just look at computer-generated shapes “as a whole”.
In the current study, we investigated gaze fixations during a reaching and grasping task to symmetrical objects and compared
these fixations with those made during a perceptual size estimation task using real (Experiment 1) and computer-generated
objects (Experiment 2). Our results demonstrated similar gaze patterns in both perception and action to real objects. Participants
first fixated a location towards the top edge of the object, consistent with index finger location during grasping, followed
by a subsequent fixation towards the object’s COM. In contrast, during the perceptual task to computer-generated objects,
an opposite pattern in fixation locations was observed, where first fixations were closer to the COM, followed by a subsequent
fixation towards the top edge. Even though differential fixation patterns were observed between studies, the area in which
these fixations occurred, between the centre of the object and top edge, was the same in all tasks. These results demonstrate
for the first time consistencies in fixation locations across both perception and action tasks, particularly when the same
type of information (e.g. object size) is important for the completion of both tasks, with fixation locations increasing relative
to the object’s COM with increases in block height. 相似文献
63.
Loni Philip Tabb John A. Rich Daria Waite Cinthya Alberto Erica Harris James Gardner Nina Gentile Theodore J. Corbin 《Journal of urban health》2022,99(4):669
Our study examines the association between Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among survivors of violence. In this cross-sectional study, an ACE questionnaire and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were completed by 147 participants ≤ 3 months after presenting to a Philadelphia, PA emergency department between 2014 and 2019 with a violent injury. This study treated ACEs, both separate and cumulative, as exposures and PTSD symptom severity as the outcome. Most participants (63.3%) met criteria for provisional PTSD, 90% reported experiencing ≥ 1 ACE, and 39% reported experiencing ≥ 6 ACEs. Specific ACEs were associated with increasing PCL-5 scores and increased risk for provisional PTSD. Additionally, as participants’ cumulative ACE scores increased, their PCL-5 scores worsened (b = 0.16; p < 0.05), and incremental ACE score increases predicted increased odds for a positive provisional PTSD screen. Results provide further evidence that ACEs exacerbate the development of PTSD in young survivors of violence. Future research should explore targeted interventions to treat PTSD among survivors of interpersonal violence.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11524-022-00628-4. 相似文献
64.
Historically, recordkeeping has been an essential task for health professionals. Today, this mandatory task increasingly takes place as digital documentation. This study critically examines problem constructions in practical documents on digital documentation strategies in Danish municipal healthcare and how these problem constructions imply particular solutions. A document analysis based on the approach presented in Bacchi's “What's the problem represented to be?” was applied. Forty practical documents in the form of guidelines, strategies, and quality control documents were included. The analysis uncovered three problem representations: lack of coherence between health services in a complex healthcare system, lack of assessable data for management and political prioritization, and inefficiency in the healthcare system. The proposed solution is a digitalized and standardized practice that transforms recordkeeping in the municipalities. However, municipal healthcare is at risk of being fragmented due to digital documentation's focus on the organizational management of health with task-oriented practices supplied by an anonymous health professional. We find that digital documentation functions as an organizational micromanagement approach that assigns the health professional a subject position as an employee acting according to the organization's framework rather than the profession's normative framework. 相似文献
65.
Annelise Norlyk PhD RN Viola Burau PhD Loni Kraus Ledderer PhD RN Bente Martinsen PhD RN 《Scandinavian journal of caring sciences》2023,37(1):282-290