自体骨髓干细胞移植狗牙周缺损处引导组织再生的实验观察

目的本文对应用自体骨髓干细胞移植引导组织再生的动物实验的观察进行评价。方法6只成年狗,实验组,对照组各18颗牙。分别在每条狗抽取骨髓1ml,在实验室内进行原代骨髓干细胞培养,培养液为内含15%小牛血清(FCS)和0.5%青-链霉素抗生素的a-MEM培养液。第1代细胞转移到18块大小为6×2mm2胶原膜上,约每张胶原膜上1×107个细胞,培养24小时后相差显微镜下观察细胞在膜上附着情况。在人工制造的牙周缺损中进行体外培养的自体骨髓干细胞移植结合GTR方法(实验组)和单纯GTR方法(对照组)。在6周后切片行牙周组织学观察。结果实验组新生牙槽骨新生牙周膜组织及新生牙骨质的修复再生的效果明显好于对照组(P<0.05),形成了的牙周结构,只是引导再生的牙周组织基本恢复到正常的牙周组织高度。实验组牙槽骨再生高度平均为4.50±0.13mm;对照组为3.09±0.28mm。结论应用自体骨髓干细胞移植结合e-pTFE膜引导牙周组织再生可促进牙周组织的再生、加快正常骨结构组织的建立并缩短修复再生时间。     

Biodegradable porous calcium polyphosphate scaffolds for the three-dimensional culture of dental pulp cells

AIM: To develop a three-dimensional culture model of human dental pulp cells (DPCs) with biodegradable porous calcium polyphosphate (CPP) scaffolds. METHODOLOGY: Human DPCs were isolated from three donors. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of CPP compared with hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP). Values were analysed using unpaired t-tests. Cells were seeded onto porous CPP scaffolds with pore sizes in the range of 200-300 microm. The nature of cellular adaptation in the three-dimensional culture model was then evaluated visually by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The apoptotic property of cells on the scaffolds was also assessed by DNA staining with CLSM. RESULTS: The cytotoxicity assay indicated that there was no significant difference between CPP and HA for each donor's original cells (P>0.05). Calcium polyphosphate had no cytotoxic effect on DPCs, whilst SEMs showed that cells successfully adhered to CPP scaffolds and spread amongst pores. On the cell surface, fine processes and matrix secretory granules were found. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that cells took on a three-dimensional structure with signs of vitality. CONCLUSION: Porous CPP scaffolds are promising for the establishment of a three-dimensional culture model of DPCs.     

口腔粘膜癌前病变增殖细胞核抗原表达分布

采用免疫组化染色和图像分析技术，检测了正常口腔粘膜，轻中重度粘膜上皮异常增生和鳞状细胞癌共７４例石蜡包埋组织中增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的表达分布．结果显示，正常口腔上皮中，ＰＣＮＡ染色仅见于基层，而所有异常增生和鳞癌标本中，ＰＣＮＡ阳性反应出现在基层以上部位．从轻、中、重度异常增生到鳞癌，ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞的比率不断增加，每个标记细胞中ＰＣＮＡ染色程度亦显著增强．表明ＰＣＮＡ表达和口腔上皮的增殖潜能及分化程度密切相关，可作为监测口腔粘膜上皮癌变风险的重要生物学标记     

应用植入控释系统进行一次法根管治疗术的动物实验研究

目的：利用自制含氯霉素、甲硝唑等药物的控释系统，对实验家兔的血药浓度、药物抗菌活性和家兔根管、尖周组织的病理观察，为今后临床应用提供理论和实验依据。方法：应用组织病理观察和液相色谱分析技术。结果：用ＨＰＬＣ法得出实验用家兔血药浓度和抗菌活性均为阴性，根管及尖周组织病理切片无特殊表现。结论：自制控释系统是一种无毒、无副作用、有效的根管治疗药物剂型，可进行临床应用。     

Shaping ability of progressive versus constant taper instruments in curved root canals of extracted teeth

AIM: To compare the shaping ability of progressive versus constant taper shaft instruments in curved root canals of extracted human teeth. METHODOLOGY: A total of 40 root canals of mandibular molars with curvatures ranging between 20 degrees and 40 degrees were divided into two groups of 20 canals each and embedded in a muffle system. The root canals sectioned horizontally at three levels before preparation and then remounted into the mould. All root canals were prepared with ProTaper (progressive taper) or Hero Shaper (constant taper) instruments. Pre- and post-instrumentation radiographs and cross-sectional images were obtained. The parameters evaluated were: working safety (instrument failure, apical blockage and loss of working length) and shaping ability (straightening, cross-sectional area, transportation and centring ability). The data were analysed statistically using Student's t-test. RESULTS: No instrument fractured during preparation. One Hero Shaper instrument permanently deformed. Both instrument systems maintained working length well. The canals prepared with Hero Shaper instruments were straightened to a lesser degree (P < 0.05). ProTaper instruments removed more dentine in the coronal and the middle sections of the canals. Canals prepared with Hero Shaper instruments had less transportation (P < 0.01) and better centring ability (P < 0.05) in the apical section. CONCLUSIONS: Both instrument systems were safe to use and maintained working length well. The canals prepared with Hero Shaper had less transportation and were better centred in the apical region, possibly because their smaller taper reduced instrument stiffness.     

骨性Ⅲ类错He畸形对语音功能的影响

为了探讨骨性Ⅲ类错Ｈｅ畸形对语音功能的是否有影响，我们以２０名骨性Ⅲ类错Ｈｅ畸形的成年患者为研究对象，由语音专家对其语音进行判听，同是应用计算机语音工作站（ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｓｐｅｅｃｈｌａｂ）进行了语音声学分析，结果表明：（１）多数此类错Ｈｅ患者存在的语音功能异常，在ｚｈ，ｃｈ，ｓｈ，ｚ诸输音上最常见出现发音错误，错误类型为发音失真（ｄｉｓｔｏｒｔｉｏｎ）和发音替代（ｓｕｂｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏ     

Mechanical behavior of ProTaper universal F2 finishing file under various curvature conditions: a finite element analysis study

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to visualize the stresses and strain distribution patterns in ProTaper Universal F2 files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and to establish the stress- and strain-curvature relationship for this instrument under various conditions by using a dynamic, three-dimensional finite-element model.

Methods

An accurate geometric model of a ProTaper Universal F2 instrument was created. Two short, straight tubes were also modeled to represent the parts of root canal apical and coronal to the curvature. Then, the file was constrained to a curve of varying degree, curve length, and position. The maximum von Mises stress and strain on the tension side of the instrument was measured at 5-degree intervals in a numerical simulation package (LS-DYNA; Livermore Software Technology, Livermore, CA).

Results

The mechanical performance of the ProTaper F2 file under various conditions was simulated. A long curvature length produced lower values of stress and strain under the same angle of curvature. An increase in the curvature angle generally induces higher stress and strain. For the same degree and curve length, the stress and strain increased if the curved portion was situated further up the shaft of the instrument (ie, with a larger diameter).

Conclusions

The dynamic, numerical model may be used to evaluate and compare the effect of various root canal curvatures on the behavior of different designs of root canal instrument. The magnitude of stress and strain imposed on the instrument is influenced by the abruptness and degree of curvature as well as the location of the curved portion.