Nanofused Hierarchically Porous MIL-101(Cr) for Enhanced Methyl Orange Removal and Improved Catalytic Activity

Hierarchically porous MIL-101(Cr) (H-MIL-101(Cr)) with meso/macro-pores was directly prepared via nanofusion progress by using butyric acid as a modulating agent. In the methyl orange (MO) adsorption experiments, H-MIL-101(Cr) showed a high adsorption capability of 369.8 mg g⁻¹, which was 1.52-fold greater than that of pristine MIL-101(Cr) (P-MIL-101(Cr)). While in the oxidation reaction of indene and 1-dodecene tests, H-MIL-101(Cr) presented much higher catalytic efficiency, with turnover frequency (TOF) values of 0.7242 mmol g⁻¹ min⁻¹ and 0.1492 mmol g⁻¹ min⁻¹, respectively, which were 28% and 34% greater than that in the case of P-MIL-101(Cr). Thus, compared with P-MIL-101(Cr), H-MIL-101(Cr) exhibited better removal efficiency and higher levels of activity in the oxidation reactions of indene and 1-dodecene. The unique structure of H-MIL-101(Cr) also contributed to its superior performance in these processes.     

Self-adaptive integration of photothermal and radiative cooling for continuous energy harvesting from the sun and outer space

The sun (∼6,000 K) and outer space (∼3 K) are two significant renewable thermodynamic resources for human beings on Earth. The solar thermal conversion by photothermal (PT) and harvesting the coldness of outer space by radiative cooling (RC) have already attracted tremendous interest. However, most of the PT and RC approaches are static and monofunctional, which can only provide heating or cooling respectively under sunlight or darkness. Herein, a spectrally self-adaptive absorber/emitter (SSA/E) with strong solar absorption and switchable emissivity within the atmospheric window (i.e., 8 to 13 μm) was developed for the dynamic combination of PT and RC, corresponding to continuously efficient energy harvesting from the sun and rejecting energy to the universe. The as-fabricated SSA/E not only can be heated to ∼170 °C above ambient temperature under sunshine but also be cooled to 20 °C below ambient temperature, and thermal modeling captures the high energy harvesting efficiency of the SSA/E, enabling new technological capabilities.

Heating and cooling are two kinds of significant end uses of thermal energy in society, which exist in various conditions (e.g., space/water heating, space cooling, and industrial processes) and account for 51% of the total final energy consumption (1). For example, the heating and cooling of buildings are responsible for nearly 48% of the building energy consumption, increasing to be the largest individual energy expense (2). Therefore, heat and cool harvesting relying on clean techniques from renewable energy resources has drawn remarkable attention from fields of engineering to material science because it has considerable potential for global energy conservation and greenhouse emission reduction. Thermodynamically, any heat transportation and work-generation process requires a temperature gradient. The hot sun (∼6,000 K) and cold outer space (∼3 K) are the ultimate heat source and heat sink for the Earth. Theoretical analysis reveals that maximal output work can be extracted from nonreciprocal systems based on the temperature difference between the sun and Earth (∼300 K) with an ultimate solar energy harvesting efficiency limit of 93.3%, while a maximal work of 153.1 W·m⁻² can also be obtained on the basis of temperature difference between the Earth and outer space (3, 4). Thus, the sun and outer space are two significant renewable thermodynamic resources for the Earth, which can be effectively utilized for clean heat and cool collection.Photothermal (PT) is a widely used solar thermal collection method that employs solar absorbers to capture solar photons and convert them to heat. Thermal analysis reveals that a good candidate for a solar absorber should have high solar absorptivity and low thermal emissivity simultaneously for efficient solar thermal collection. Various materials, including multilayer metal/ceramic films (5, 6), photonic crystals (7, 8), and metamaterials (9, 10), have been developed for spectrally selective solar absorbers and have been used for real-world applications. Meanwhile, radiative cooling (RC) has re-elicited considerable interest in recent years because it can passively provide clean cooling without any extra energy input (11–14). The waste heat of terrestrial objects can be continuously pumped into the cold outer space, relying on the transparent atmospheric window (i.e., 8 to 13 μm). So, high emissivity within the atmospheric window of materials is necessary for efficient RC, and excellent solar reflection is also important for RC under sunshine. Thus, different materials with the tailored spectrum, such as photonic structures (15–17), structure materials (18), energy-saving paints (19–21), and even metamaterials (22–24), have been reported for passive cooling. On the potential application level, RC implementations also span a range of fields, including passive cooling of buildings (25–27), thermal management of textiles and color surfaces (28–30), atmospheric water harvesting (31), and thermoelectric generation (32, 33). Although the reported PT and RC can generate heat and cold with high efficiency through different spectrally selective materials, most of the approaches are static and monofunctional, which can only provide heating or cooling under sunlight or darkness. Therefore, the dynamical integration of PT and RC for continuously efficient heat and cool harvesting is a new topic for the energy exploitation of the sun and outer space. The tunable combination of PT and RC hybrid utilization has been recently proposed, but mechanical methods such as switching (e.g., flip action) a PT absorber and an RC emitter manually (34) or changing the optical properties of the materials through extra force stimuli (35) are preferred.Herein, a smart strategy for the dynamic combination of daytime PT and nighttime RC is proposed, corresponding to continuously efficient energy harvesting from the sun and rejecting energy to the universe. A spectrally self-adaptive absorber/emitter (SSA/E) with solar absorption of over 0.8 and emissivity modulation capability of regulating from broadband emissivity of 0.25 within the mid-infrared (MIR) region to the selective high emissivity of 0.75 within the atmospheric window is designed and fabricated for the proof of the concept. Outdoor thermal experimental results demonstrate that the SSA/E can be heated to ∼170 °C above ambient temperature in the daytime PT mode and passively cooled to ∼20 °C below ambient temperature in the nighttime RC mode. Moreover, the heat and cool energy gains of the SSA/E system are respectively predicted to be 78% and 103% larger than those of the reference system that combines static and monofunctional PT absorber and RC emitter.     

Association of body mass index with risk of prediabetes in Chinese adults: A population‐based cohort study

Aims/IntroductionOverweight and obesity in adults are strongly associated with an increased risk of prediabetes, and this study set out to gain a better understanding of the optimal body mass index (BMI) range for assessing the risk of prediabetes in the Chinese population.Materials and MethodsThe cohort study included 100,309 Chinese adults who underwent health screening. Participants were divided into six groups based on the cut‐off point for BMI recommended by the World Health Organization (underweight: <18.5 kg/m², normal‐weight: 18.5–24.9 kg/m², pre‐obese: 25.0–29.9 kg/m², obese class I: 30.0–34.9 kg/m², obese class II: 35.0–39.9 kg/m², and obese class III ≥40 kg/m²). The association of BMI with prediabetes and the shape of the correlation were modeled using multivariate Cox regression and restricted cubic spline regression, respectively.ResultsIn the multivariate Cox regression model, with normal weight as the control group, underweight people had a lower risk of developing prediabetes, whereas obese and pre‐obese people had a higher risk of prediabetes. Additionally, in the restricted cubic spline model, we found that the association of BMI with prediabetes follows a positive dose–response relationship, but does not conform to the pattern of obesity paradox. Among the general population in China, a BMI of 23.03 kg/m² might be a potential intervention threshold for prediabetes.ConclusionsThe national cohort study found that the association of BMI with prediabetes follows a positive dose–response relationship, rather than a pattern of obesity paradox. For Chinese people with normal weight, more attention should be paid to glucose metabolism when BMI exceeds 23.03 kg/m².     

Consumption of Dietary Fiber with Different Physicochemical Properties during Late Pregnancy Alters the Gut Microbiota and Relieves Constipation in Sow Model

Constipation is a common problem in sows and women during late pregnancy. Dietary fiber has potential in the regulation of intestinal microbiota, thereby promoting intestinal motility and reducing constipation. However, the effects of fibers with different physicochemical properties on intestinal microbe and constipation during late pregnancy have not been fully explored. In this study, a total of 80 sows were randomly allocated to control and one of three dietary fiber treatments from day 85 of gestation to delivery: LIG (lignocellulose), PRS (resistant starch), and KON (konjaku flour). Results showed that the defecation frequency and fecal consistency scores were highest in PRS. PRS and KON significantly increased the level of gut motility regulatory factors, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), motilin (MTL), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum. Moreover, PRS and KON promoted the IL-10 level and reduced the TNF-α level in serum. Furthermore, maternal PRS and KON supplementation significantly reduced the number of stillborn piglets. Microbial sequencing analysis showed that PRS and KON increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides and decreased the abundance of endotoxin-producing bacteria Desulfovibrio and Oscillibacter in feces. Moreover, the relative abundance of Turicibacter and the fecal butyrate concentration in PRS were the highest. Correlation analysis further revealed that the defecation frequency and serum 5-HT were positively correlated with Turicibacter and butyrate. In conclusion, PRS is the best fiber source for promoting gut motility, which was associated with increased levels of 5-HT under specific bacteria Turicibacter and butyrate stimulation, thereby relieving constipation. Our findings provide a reference for dietary fiber selection to improve intestinal motility in late pregnant mothers.     

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Squeeze Casting of AlSi9Mg Aluminum Alloy Component with a Large Size

The squeeze casting process for an AlSi9Mg aluminum alloy flywheel housing component was numerically simulated using the ProCAST software, and orthogonal simulation tests were designed according to the L16 (4) ⁵ orthogonal test table to investigate the alloy melt flow rule under four factors and four levels each of the pouring temperature, mold temperature, pressure holding time and specific pressure, as well as the distributions of the temperature fields, stress fields and defects. The results showed that the flywheel housing castings in all 16 test groups were fully filled, and the thinner regions solidified more quickly than the thicker regions. Hot spots were predicted at the mounting ports and the convex platform, which could be relieved by adding a local loading device. Due to the different constraints on the cylinder surface and the lower end surface, the solidification was inconsistent, the equivalent stress at the corner junction was larger, and the castings with longer pressure holding time and lower mold temperature had larger average equivalent stress. Shrinkage cavities were mainly predicted at mounting ports, the cylindrical convex platform, the peripheral overflow groove and the corner junctions, and there was also a small defect region at the edge of the upper end face in some test groups.     

深圳市2017年-2019年常住居民恶性肿瘤死因分析

目的 分析深圳市恶性肿瘤死亡特征和分布情况,为政府制定恶性肿瘤的防控策略提供参考依据.方法 采用国际疾病分类标准(ICD-10)进行编码分类,运用描述流行病学研究,对2017年1月1日-2019年12月31日深圳市常住居民恶性肿瘤10 612例死亡病例进行分析,分别计算死亡率、死因顺位等.结果 2017年-2019年间...     

内生真菌SEF15927对截短侧耳素的微生物羟化研究

目的 研究植物内生真菌SEF15927对截短侧耳素的转化作用.方法 利用液体培养生长细胞对截短侧耳素进行生物转化.发酵液经乙酸乙酯萃取和硅胶柱层析分离获得一个羟化产物.运用质谱和核磁共振光谱鉴定结构.结果 转化产物为2-羟基截短侧耳素.结论 植物内生真菌SEF15927为一具有高转化率的截短侧耳素羟化菌株,     

苯并二氢吡喃腙衍生物的合成及其初步药理活性

为进一步筛选活性更强、副作用更小的抗绝经后骨质疏松症药物 ,在综合考察雷洛昔芬和异丙氧基异黄酮的基础上 ,设计合成一系列苯并二氢吡喃腙化合物 .化合物的结构均经波谱鉴定 ,并通过研究其对幼年小鼠子宫增重和血碱性磷酸酶活性的影响 ,初步考察化合物的药理活性 .结果表明 ,XY990 2具有较弱的雌激素受体激动作用和一定的雌激素受体拮抗作用 ,并有助于成骨细胞增殖 ,对治疗骨质疏松症是有利的 .     

儿童肾小球疾病不同标本转化型生长因子-β1检测结果的比较

目的　比较评价儿童肾小球疾病血浆、血清、尿液不同标本的转化型生长因子 β1(TGF β1)水平。方法　用ELISA方法测定 30例轻微病变、30例系膜增生性肾小球肾炎、2 4例IgA肾病、2 4例局灶节段性肾小球硬化患儿和 30例健康对照组儿童血浆、血清、尿液中的TGF β1水平。结果　尿液标本的TGF β1水平对各组的诊断有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而血浆、血清标本没有诊断意义 (P >0 0 5 )。血浆测定TGF β1灵敏度较血清好。血浆、尿液指标有较好的相关性 (r=0 85 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;血清与尿液仅有一定的相关性 (r=0 5 3,P <0 0 5 ) ;血浆与血清无显著相关性 (r =0 4 9,P >0 0 5 )。结论　尿液为检测肾炎患儿TGF β1水平的较好指标 ,血浆次之 ,血清最差。     

地塞米松对脓毒血症鼠Peyer小结Tfh细胞的影响

目的：测定脓毒血症鼠Peyer小结内滤泡辅助性T细胞（T follicular helper,Tfh）的变化,分析地塞米松（dexamethasone,Dex）对脓毒血症Tfh细胞的可能作用。方法：昆明小鼠诱导脓毒血症模型,模型诱导成功后随机分2组,脓毒血症组（SE组,n=12）、脓毒血症＋Dex处理组（DE组,n=12）。另设对照组（NC组,n=12）。测定血清白介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、降钙素原（procalcitonin,PCT）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL）水平。Peyer小结Ⅰ型1-磷酸鞘氨醇（Sphingosine 1-Phosphate 1,S1P1）、CXC趋化因子配体13（CXC chemokine ligand 13,CXCL13）免疫组化染色。Western blot分别检测Peyer小结IL-21、程序性死亡分子-1（programmed death 1,PD-1）、胞嘧啶脱氨酶（enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase,AID）蛋白的表达。流式细胞仪测定3组Peyer小结Tfh细胞占T淋巴细胞的百分率。结果：与NC组相比,SE组血清IL-6（19.7±5.20 vs 10.7±3.60 ng·L~（-1））、PCT（1.56±0.92 vs 0.31±0.09μg·L~（-1））、NGAL（0.44±0.11 vs 0.35±0.09 mg·L（-1））升高（P〈0.05或0.01）,Peyer小结S1P1（0.22±0.06 vs 0.14±0.04）、CXCL13（0.25±0.07 vs 0.15±0.04）的表达增加（P〈0.01）,IL-21（0.60±0.08 vs 0.35±0.08）、PD-1（0.30±0.04 vs 0.20±0.05）、AID（0.23±0.05 vs 0.18±0.03）蛋白的表达亦升高（P〈0.05或0.01）,Tfh细胞占T淋巴细胞（8.30±2.00 vs 5.69 vs 1.64%）的百分率升高（P〈0.01）。Dex治疗可降低SE鼠血清IL-6（19.7±5.20 vs 12.8±3.40 ng·L~（-1））、PCT（1.56±0.92 vs 0.71±0.44μg·L~（-1））水平（P〈0.05或0.01）,降低Peyer小结S1P1（0.22±0.06 vs 0.17±0.05）、CXCL13（0.25±0.07 vs 0.19±0.06）的表达（P〈0.05或0.01）,下调Peyer小结IL-21（0.60±0.08 vs 0.48±0.09）、PD-1（0.30±0.04 vs 0.26±0.06）、AID（0.23±0.05 vs0.19±0.04）蛋白的表达（P〈0.05）,降低Tfh细胞占T淋巴细胞（8.30±2.00 vs 6.56±1.59%）的百分率（P〈0.05）。结论：Peyer小结Tfh细胞可能参与脓毒血症的发病机制,Dex抑制Peyer小结Tfh的活化,对Peyer小结微环境起保护作用。