免疫调节剂对小鼠实验性单纯疱疹性角膜炎发病的影响

实验组小鼠腹腔分别注射免疫调节剂胸腺五肽(TP5)或环孢霉素(CsA),对照组注射生理盐水(NS),尔后角膜感染单纯疱疹病毒(HSV),造成小鼠实验性单纯疱疹性角膜炎模型。用裂隙灯显微镜观察小鼠角膜上皮、角膜实质、角膜新生血管、结膜和眼睑的病变变化情况。结果:种毒唇4～6天,TP5组角膜上皮和角膜实质病变比NS组严重,差异有显著性,而CsA无此作用。三组小鼠新生血管形成程度差异无显著性。且均在第8天出现高峰。TP5组和CsA组的结膜和眼睑病变,比NS组严重。因此,在临床上,应根据不同病种和不同情况,慎重使用免疫调节剂。     

Immunology

A selection of interesting papers that were published in the two months before our press date in major journals most likely to report significant results in immunology.     

白细胞介素—2新的功能位点及其中枢镇痛作用

白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）不仅是重要的免疫调节因子，而且还具有重要的中枢调节作用。本实验以钾离子透入引起大鼠甩尾反应为指标，发现侧脑室注射ＩＬ—２能显著提高动物痛阈，并能被纳洛酮所阻断，表示ＩＬ－２的中枢镇痛作用可能与阿片受体有关。利用基因定位突变技术获得的无免疫活性ＩＬ－２实查体仍具有中枢镇痛作用，表明ＩＬ—２分子上发挥镇痛和免疫调节作用的功能位点是相互独立的。纳洛酮能够阻断ＩＬ—２的中枢镇痛作用，而不能影响ＩＬ—２增殖ＣＴＬＬ－２细胞的作用，提示ＩＬ－２发挥镇痛和免疫调节作用可能通过不同的受体途径。ＩＬ－２分子中第４５位Ｔｙｒ残基突变为Ｖａｌ后，虽仍保留了免疫活性，但丧失了镇痛功能，表示４５位Ｔｙｒ残基是ＩＬ—２发挥中枢镇痛功能的关键残基之一。我们推测ＩＬ—２的镇痛功能位点可能在ＩＬ—２分子中第４５位Ｔｙｒ残基附近区域。     

Detection of mutations in the p53 gene in human head and neck carcinomas by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis.

Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, we have examined the highly conserved regions of the p53 gene in 58 biopsy samples of head and neck tumors. Mutations were found in 13/58 (23%) tumor specimens, but not in 6 normal tissues. Ten of 13 mutations were due to single base changes and the remaining 3 were 1- or 8-base deletion mutants. These mutations were clustered in exons 5 and 7 and resulted in amino acid changes. Our results seem to indicate that mutations in the p53 gene contribute to a significant number of cases of the head and neck tumors including 20% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies. The relationship of Epstein-Barr virus or human papillomavirus and p53 gene mutations in this group of cancers was also analyzed and discussed.     

Norephedrine (phenylpropanolamine) stimulates oxygen consumption and lactate production in the perfused rat hindlimb

d,l-Norephedrine (phenylpropanolamine) which is both a demethylated analogue and a metabolite of d,l-ephedrine, is a reputed anorectic agent. In the present study the proposed most active isomer of this mixture, l-norephedrine has been assessed as a peripherally acting thermogenic agent in the isolated perfused rat hindlimb. l-Norephedrine produced a dose-dependent increase in oxygen uptake and perfusion pressure and increased lactate production. Whereas propranolol potentiated the increase in oxygen uptake and perfusion pressure produced by l-norephedrine, prazosin significantly and nitroprusside totally inhibited both of these changes. Nitroprusside also completely inhibited the increase in lactate production. We conclude that norephedrine has a hitherto unrecognized peripheral thermogenic activity in the perfused rat hindlimb resulting from its interaction with alpha 1 adrenergic receptors that control vasoconstriction in this tissue.     

应用激光技术治疗痔—附1376例报告

本文较详细地介绍了应用激光技术即用CO_2及Nd:YAG激光手术刀治疗各种类型痔的临床观察。我院自1988年应用CO_2及Nd,YAG(以下简称激光手术刀)的技术治疗各种痔1376例均取得满意的治疗效果,治愈率达100％,并对有关问题进行探讨。     

脑血管病患者血清IgE型免疫复合物的检测

本文用胶固素酶联免疫吸附试验检测了１６例缺血性脑血管病（ＩＣＤ）患者，１４例出血性脑血管病（ＨＣＤ）患者和２０例健康正常人的血清ＩｇＥ型循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＤ）水平。结果显示ＩＣＤ组和ＨＣＤ组ＩｇＥ－ＣＩＣ水平明显高于正常组（分别为Ｐ＜０．００１和Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＩＣＤ组与ＨＣＤ组间没有显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０２）。提示脑血管病的发生与ＩｇＥ－ＣＩＣ的形成有关。