全文获取类型
收费全文 | 262篇 |
免费 | 34篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 9篇 |
妇产科学 | 16篇 |
基础医学 | 26篇 |
口腔科学 | 2篇 |
临床医学 | 25篇 |
内科学 | 54篇 |
皮肤病学 | 2篇 |
神经病学 | 20篇 |
特种医学 | 3篇 |
外科学 | 29篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 47篇 |
眼科学 | 5篇 |
药学 | 31篇 |
肿瘤学 | 24篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 11篇 |
2012年 | 19篇 |
2011年 | 21篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 7篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 16篇 |
2005年 | 18篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 11篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
1942年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有296条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
81.
Linus Angenendt Jan-Henrik Mikesch Dennis Görlich Alina Busch Irina Arnhold Claudia Rudack Wolfgang Hartmann Eva Wardelmann Wolfgang E. Berdel Markus Stenner Christoph Schliemann Inga Grünewald 《Cellular oncology (Dordrecht)》2018,41(5):517-525
Purpose
Collagen Type VI (COLVI) is an extracellular matrix protein that is upregulated in various solid tumours during tumour progression and has been shown to stimulate proliferation, suppress apoptosis and promote invasion and metastasis. It has also been described as a mediator of chemotherapy resistance and as a therapeutic target in preclinical cancer models. Here, we aimed to analyse the prognostic role of COLVI in salivary gland cancer (SGC).Methods
Stromal COLVI protein expression was assessed in primary SGC specimens of 91 patients using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The IHC expression patterns obtained were subsequently correlated with various survival and clinicopathological features, including Ki-67 and p53 expression.Results
We found that COLVI was expressed in all SGC specimens. High expression was found to be associated with features of malignancy such as high histologic grades, advanced and invasive T stages and metastatic lymph node involvement (p?<?0.05 for all variables). COLVI expression was also found to correlate with both Ki-67 and p53 expression (p?<?0.01). We found that high COLVI expression predicted a significantly inferior 5-year overall survival (38.3%, 55.1% and 93.8%; p?=?0.002) and remained a significant predictor of prognosis in a multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–5.61; p?=?0.013). In all low-risk subgroups COLVI expression identified patients with an adverse outcome. Patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy had a poor survival when expressing high levels of COLVI.Conclusions
Our data indicate that stromal COLVI expression associates with key features of malignancy, represents a novel independent prognostic factor and may affect response to radiotherapy in SGC. Although our results warrant validation in an independent cohort, assessing stromal COLVI expression may be suitable for future diagnostic and therapeutic decision making in patients with SGC.82.
83.
Non-therapeutic research on children raises ethical concerns. Such research is not only conducted on individuals who are incapable of providing informed consent. It also typically involves some degree of risk or discomfort, without prospects of medically benefiting the participating children. Therefore, these children seem to be instrumentalized. Some ethicists, however, have tried to sidestep this problem by arguing that the children may indirectly benefit from participating in such research, in ways not related to the medical intervention as such. It has been argued, for example, that non-therapeutic pediatric research does not instrumentalize the children enrolled since it has the prospects of furthering their moral development. We argue that this argument is far too undeveloped to be taken seriously. 相似文献
84.
Florian Krismer MD PhD Klaus Seppi MD Linus Jönsson PhD Daniel Oudin Åström PhD Anna-Karin Berger PhD Jacob Simonsen PhD Mark Forrest Gordon MD Gregor K. Wenning MD PhD Werner Poewe MD European Multiple System Atrophy Study Group Natural History Study Investigators the Rasagiline-for-Multiple System Atrophy Investigators 《Movement disorders》2022,37(7):1425-1431
85.
Robin Nilson Olivia Lübbers Linus Weiß Karmveer Singh Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek Markus Rojewski Hubert Schrezenmeier Philip Helge Zeplin Wolfgang Funk Lea Krutzke Stefan Kochanek Astrid Kritzinger 《Viruses》2021,13(6)
Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are currently developed as cell therapeutics for different applications, including regenerative medicine, immune modulation, and cancer treatment. The biological properties of hMSCs can be further modulated by genetic engineering. Viral vectors based on human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) belong to the most frequently used vector types for genetic modification of human cells in vitro and in vivo. However, due to a lack of the primary attachment receptor coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) in hMSCs, HAdV-5 vectors are currently not suitable for transduction of this cell type without capsid modification. Here we present several transduction enhancers that strongly enhance HAdV-5-mediated gene transfer into both bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived hMSCs. Polybrene, poly-l-lysine, human lactoferrin, human blood coagulation factor X, spermine, and spermidine enabled high eGFP expression levels in hMSCs. Importantly, hMSCs treated with enhancers were not affected in their migration behavior, which is a key requisite for many therapeutic applications. Exemplary, strongly increased expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) (a secreted model therapeutic protein) was achieved by enhancer-facilitated HAdV-5 transduction. Thus, enhancer-mediated HAdV-5 vector transduction is a valuable method for the engineering of hMSCs, which can be further exploited for the development of innovative hMSC therapeutics. 相似文献
86.
Daniel J. Kowalewski Heiko Schuster Linus Backert Claudia Berlin Stefan Kahn Lothar Kanz Helmut R. Salih Hans-Georg Rammensee Stefan Stevanovic Juliane Sarah Stickel 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2015,112(2):E166-E175
The breakthrough development of clinically effective immune checkpoint inhibitors illustrates the potential of T-cell–based immunotherapy to effectively treat malignancies. A remaining challenge is to increase and guide the specificities of anticancer immune responses, e.g., by therapeutic vaccination or by adoptive T-cell transfer. By analyzing the landscape of naturally presented HLA class I and II ligands of primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we delineated a novel category of tumor-associated T-cell antigens based on their exclusive and frequent representation in the HLA ligandome of leukemic cells. These antigens were validated across different stages and mutational subtypes of CLL and found to be robustly represented in HLA ligandomes of patients undergoing standard chemo-/immunotherapy. We demonstrate specific immune recognition of these antigens exclusively in CLL patients, with the frequencies of representation in CLL ligandomes correlating with the frequencies of immune recognition by patient T cells. Moreover, retrospective survival analysis revealed survival benefits for patients displaying immune responses to these antigens. These results directly imply these nonmutant self-peptides as pathophysiologically relevant tumor antigens and encourages their implementation for cancer immunotherapy.For a long time peptide-based immunotherapy fell short of its potential to achieve meaningful responses in the clinical setting of cancer therapy (1, 2). A disequilibrium between proposed tumor-associated antigens on the input side (3) and functional vaccines on the output side (4–6) became strikingly apparent. This might in part have been due to the distorted relationship of gene expression and HLA restricted presentation of the corresponding gene product (7, 8). In contrast, a recent study on vaccination with naturally presented tumor-associated peptides identified by direct analysis of primary tumor-derived HLA ligands reported specific, nontoxic vaccine-induced immune responses, which were associated with improved clinical outcome (6). On the other hand, experimental cancer immunotherapy using adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells showed high efficiency but also severe toxicity in some patients due to presence of target antigens on normal tissues (7). Both situations underscore the importance and potential of identifying (patho-)physiologically relevant targets by direct differential analysis of the entire landscape of HLA-presented peptides, termed the HLA ligandome.Here, we mapped the nonmutant HLA ligandome of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with the aim of developing a CLL-specific multipeptide vaccine. The immunogenicity of CLL, as revealed in GvL-effects and cases of spontaneous remissions (8–10), as well as favorable immune effector-to-target cell ratios present in situations with minimal residual disease (MRD) suggest that CLL might be effectively targeted by T-cell–based immunotherapy (11, 12). Furthermore, the highly variable and in some patients prolonged course of disease indicates an underlying mechanism of tumor control (13). However, so far only very few CLL-associated antigens that are able to elicit specific T-cell responses have been described (14–16).We identified a novel category of ligandome-defined tumor-associated antigens (LiTAAs; source proteins of HLA ligands on tumor cells), which were frequently and exclusively detected in CLL patients. Specific immune recognition of the corresponding HLA ligands (LiTAPs) was observed exclusively in CLL patients, remarkably showing a direct correlation with the frequency of HLA restricted presentation. Furthermore, retrospective survival analysis points to an association of LiTAP-specific immune responses with improved overall survival in CLL patients. 相似文献
87.
Thomas Helbing Linus Arnold Gwendoline Wiltgen Eva Hirschbihl Valentin Gabelmann Alexandra Hornstein Jennifer S. Esser Philipp Diehl Sebastian Grundmann Hans-Jörg Busch Katrin Fink Christoph Bode Martin Moser 《Inflammation》2017,40(6):1862-1874
Leukocyte recruitment is a fundamental event in the response of the innate immune system to injury. This process is promoted in part by the opening of endothelial cell adherens junctions that allows leukocyte extravasation through gaps between adjacent endothelial cells. VE-cadherin is a key component of endothelial cell adherens junctions and a negative regulator of leukocyte emigration. Accumulating evidence implicates bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 as a critical regulator in vascular biology, but its role in leukocyte extravasation in vitro and in vivo has not been investigated so far. To assess the impact of BMP4 on leukocyte emigration in vivo, we used the thioglycollate-induced peritonitis model. C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with recombinant BMP4 in addition to thioglycollate. Compared to solvent-treated controls, we observed higher accumulation of leukocytes in the peritoneal lavage of BMP4-treated mice indicating that BMP4 promotes leukocyte diapedesis into the inflamed peritoneal cavity. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of BMP4 in mice markedly diminished leukocyte diapedesis following thioglycollate administration suggesting that endothelial BMP4 is required for leukocyte recruitment. Consistent with these in vivo results, transwell migration assays with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro revealed that recombinant BMP4 enhanced leukocyte transmigration through the endothelial monolayer. Conversely, silencing of endothelial BMP4 by siRNA dampened leukocyte diapedesis in vitro. Mechanistic studies showed that loss of BMP4 improved endothelial junction stability by upregulation of VE-cadherin expression in vitro and in vivo. Vice versa, treatment of HUVECs with recombinant BMP4 decreased expression of VE-cadherin and impaired endothelial junction stability shown by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Finally, severe endothelial damage in HUVECs in response to serum of patients collected 24 h after survived cardiac arrest was accompanied by increase in leukocyte migration in transwell assays and activation of the BMP pathway most probably by upregulation of endothelial BMP4 RNA and protein expression. Collectively, the present study provides novel evidence that endothelial BMP4 controls leukocyte recruitment through a VE-cadherin-dependent mechanism and that BMP4-induced inflammation might be involved in the pathogenesis of endothelial cell damage following successful resuscitation after cardiac arrest. 相似文献
88.
Enrique Soto Carlos Soto Farr R. Nezhat Herbert F. Gretz Linus Chuang 《Journal Of Gynecologic Oncology》2011,22(1):61-63
Chylous ascites is an uncommon postoperative complication of gynecological surgery. We report a case of chylous ascites following a robotic lymph node dissection for a cervical carcinoma. A 38-year-old woman with IB2 cervical adenocarcinoma with a palpable 3 cm left external iliac lymph node was taken to the operating room for robotic-assisted laparoscopic pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection. Patient was discharged on postoperative day 2 after an apparent uncomplicated procedure. The patient was readmitted the hospital on postoperative day 9 with abdominal distention and a CT-scan revealed free fluid in the abdomen and pelvis. A paracentesis demonstrated milky-fluid with an elevated concentration of triglycerides, confirming the diagnosis of chylous ascites. She recovered well with conservative measures. The risk of postoperative chylous ascites following lymph node dissection is still present despite the utilization of new technologies such as the da Vinci robot. 相似文献
89.
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy versus da Vinci robotic hysterectomy: is using the robot beneficial?
Enrique Soto Yungtai Lo Kathryn Friedman Carlos Soto Farr Nezhat Linus Chuang Herbert Gretz 《Journal Of Gynecologic Oncology》2011,22(4):253-259
Objective
To compare the outcomes of total laparoscopic to robotic approach for hysterectomy and all indicated procedures after controlling for surgeon and other confounding factors.Methods
Retrospective chart review of all consecutive cases of total laparoscopic and da Vinci robotic hysterectomies between August 2007 and July 2009 by two gynecologic oncology surgeons. Our primary outcome measure was operative procedure time. Secondary measures included complications, conversion to laparotomy, estimated blood loss and length of hospital stay. A mixed model with a random intercept was applied to control for surgeon and other confounders. Wilcoxon rank-sum, chi-square and Fisher''s exact tests were used for the statistical analysis.Results
The 124 patients included in the study consisted of 77 total laparoscopic hysterectomies and 47 robotic hysterectomies. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics, indications for surgery and additional procedures performed. The difference between the mean operative procedure time for the total laparoscopic hysterectomy group (111.4 minutes) and the robotic hysterectomy group (150.8 minutes) was statistically significant (p=0.0001) despite the fact that the specimens obtained in the total laparoscopic hysterectomy group were significantly larger (125 g vs. 94 g, p=0.002). The robotic hysterectomy group had statistically less estimated blood loss than the total laparoscopic hysterectomy group (131.5 mL vs. 207.7 mL, p=0.0105) however no patients required a blood transfusion in either group. Both groups had a comparable rate of conversion to laparotomy, intraoperative complications, and length of hospital stay.Conclusion
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy can be performed safely and in less operative time compared to robotic hysterectomy when performed by trained surgeons. 相似文献90.
Farr R. Nezhat Shaghayegh M. DeNoble Connie S. Liu Jennifer E. Cho Douglas N. Brown Linus Chuang Herbert Gretz Prakash Saharia 《JSLS, Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons》2010,14(2):155-168