尖锐湿疣皮损中朗格汉斯细胞功能状态的研究

目的通过分析尖锐湿疣(condyloma acuminatum,CA)皮损中郎格尔汉斯细胞(Langerhanscell,LC)的特征性表型,探讨其在CA微环境中的功能状态。方法30例初发CA皮肤组织为标本,20例正常包皮为对照标本。应用免疫组化技术检测标本中LC的CD1a、HLA-DR、S-100蛋白的表达,采用Motic彩色医学图文分析系统以及光学显微镜进行定量、半定量分析,并对不同蛋白分子标记的LC数量进行相关性分析。结果(1)Motic彩色医学图文分析系统以及光学显微镜分析结果显示:与正常对照组相比,尖锐湿疣皮损中CD1a( )LC数量、表面标志物蛋白表达密度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而S-100( )LC、HLA-DR( )LC数量、蛋白表达密度则减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);S-100( )LC/CD1a( )LC比值为0.082±0.061,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。(2)CA皮损表皮中CD1a( )LC、S-100( )LC、HLA-DR( )LC的平均灰度值相关性分析结果显示;CA皮损表皮中LC上CD1a与HLA-DR的表达呈显著正相关;CD1a( )LC、S-100( )LC以及S-100( )LC、HLA-DR( )LC两者之间无线性相关性。结论CA皮损中存在不同标记的LC,这些不同标记的LC的数量和其表面标记蛋白的表达密度和正常对照组相比存在差异,提示:CA微环境中LC功能异常是HPV致病的可能机制之一。     

改良Devine术矫正小儿隐匿性阴茎

目的探讨小儿隐匿性阴茎的矫形效果。方法回顾性分析我科在2001年1月至2006年12月采用改良的Devine术治疗小儿隐匿性阴茎15例的临床资料。结果术后所有患儿阴茎外观满意,伸直好,无并发症。结论改良Devine术治疗小儿隐匿性阴茎疗效确切。     

还原型谷胱甘肽在离体肝脏保存中应用的实验研究

目的:研究UW液中加入还原型谷胱甘肽在离体肝脏保存中对肝细胞的保护作用。方法:封闭群雄性Wistar大鼠,采用原位灌注切取肝脏,分别用UW液、改良UW液(加入谷胱甘肽0.95g/L)0～4℃保存12h、24h、36h后行Krebs-Henseleit液离体灌注,记录肝脏胆汁分泌总量,并检测灌注流出液AST、LDH含量。结果:随着保存时限延长,灌洗液中AST、LDH值升高,胆汁分泌总量呈下降趋势。12h、24h,两组之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。保存36h,两组差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05)。离体灌注液生化指标显示改良UW液组长时间保存时肝脏细胞损伤程度较低。结论:在离体肝脏保存过程中,UW液中加入还原型谷胱甘肽对肝脏长期保存(36h)有保护作用,但24h内对肝脏保存效果影响不大,临床需在24小时内完成肝移植手术,故保存不需要添加还原型谷胱甘肽。     

Long-term results of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment with the first generation of commercially available stent grafts

HYPOTHESIS: Little information about the long-term results of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is available. This study was performed to evaluate the long-term data of patients treated with the first generation of commercially available stent grafts. DESIGN: Multicenter registry. SETTING: Sixty-two European centers that participated in the EUROSTAR (EUROpean collaborators on Stent-graft Techniques for abdominal aortic Aneurysm Repair) registry. PATIENTS: A total of 1190 patients with a follow-up of up to 8 years, who underwent endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with a stent graft (Stentor or Vanguard). INTERVENTION: Elective endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The morbidity and mortality data of patients treated with the first-generation stent graft who enrolled in the EUROSTAR registry were analyzed. Incidence rates of complications were calculated to quantify annual risks. Life-table analyses and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used for the survival analysis. RESULTS: Conversion to open repair, aneurysm rupture, all-cause death, and aneurysm-related death occurred in 7.1%, 2.4%, 19.9%, and 3.0% of the patients, respectively. The cumulative percentage of the combined outcome event, conversion-free and rupture-free survival, after 8 years was 48.0%. Procedure-related complications that frequently occurred were endoleak (13.0 cases per 100 patient-years), stenosis/thrombosis (4.6 cases per 100 patient-years), and stent migration (4.3 cases per 100 patient-years). CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with the first generation of stent grafts will need lifelong surveillance because of a considerable risk of late complications. How these findings translate to the outcome of newer-generation stent grafts is unknown. For this reason, vigilant surveillance remains indicated in all patients who undergo endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.     

Differential modulation of CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation by induction of nitric oxide synthesis in antigen presenting cells

BACKGROUND: On antigenic stimulation, CD4 T cells generally proliferate more readily than CD8 T cells. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) might differentially modulate CD4 vs. CD8 T-cell proliferation. METHODS: Various concentrations of C57BL/6 iNOS +/+ and -/- bone marrow (BM)-derived antigen presenting cells (APC) (obtained by culture in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF] and interleukin [IL]-4) were cultured with purified BALB/c CD4 or CD8 T cells. RESULTS: Proliferation of CD4 T cells was similar in the presence of both NO synthase (iNOS) +/+ and -/- APC, whereas CD8 T cell proliferation was inhibited at the higher concentrations of iNOS +/+ dendritic cells (DC), coincident with increased levels of NO in the culture supernatant. Analysis of cytokine levels revealed that more interferon (IFN)-gamma, a potent inducer of NO synthesis in many cell types, was present in CD8 T cell than in CD4 T-cell-APC cultures. Addition of IFN-gamma to CD4 T-cell-APC cultures resulted in induction of NO synthesis and inhibition of proliferation at higher levels of NO than that required to inhibit CD8 T cell proliferation. However, CD4 T-cell proliferation was moderately inhibited in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated CD11c DC, coincident with production of IFN-gamma and induction of NO synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that CD8 T-cell proliferation can be inhibited by lesser amounts of APC-derived NO than is necessary to inhibit CD4 T cell proliferation. NO synthesis was not initiated in CD4 T cell-DC cultures unless costimulatory molecules were up-regulated and IFN-gamma was produced.     

肾上腺囊性占位性病变的诊治分析

目的:提高肾上腺囊性病变的诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析38例肾上腺囊性病变患者的临床资料,经影像学、手术及病理检查证实,其中非肿瘤源性囊性病变30例,肿瘤源性囊性病变8例。结果:囊肿内出血、感染或自发性出血所致高密度囊肿24例,单纯性囊肿6例。前者均有不同程度的腰、背、腹部胀痛,其中3例伴有贫血,2例伴有肝功能异常;后者均无临床症状。B超检查肿物内无血管,CT、MRI增强扫描肿物无强化,内分泌检查正常。肿瘤源性囊性病变患者中,嗜铬细胞瘤5例,皮质腺瘤2例,节细胞神经瘤1例。5例有激素活性症状,内分泌检查部分有相应激素水平升高。B超、CT、MRI显示囊壁>0.3 cm,且厚薄不均,CT、MRI增强扫描后,囊壁可有强化,以嗜铬细胞瘤囊壁强化最为显著。手术治疗36例,除1例因车祸、1例因脑血管意外死亡外,34例效果满意。结论:B超、CT、MRI可帮助诊断肾上腺囊性病变。无论是非肿瘤源性肾上腺囊性病变,还是肿瘤源性肾上腺囊性病变,只要条件允许,均应手术治疗。     

艾叶与苍术熏蒸空气消毒效果观察

目的 探讨艾叶、苍术熏蒸空气消毒的效果.方法 在门诊输液室使用艾叶、苍术熏蒸空气消毒.监测消毒前后细菌菌落数,并与紫外线照射空气消毒效果进行比较.结果 艾叶、苍术熏蒸空气消毒法细菌消亡率为(93.3±4.3)%,紫外线照射消毒法为(81.8±4.5)%,两法比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论 艾叶、苍术熏蒸空气消毒法能有效杀灭空气中的细菌,且方法简单易操作,成本低,对人体无不良作用.     

北京市城乡老年人慢性病状况及相关因素分析

目的 了解北京市城乡老年人慢性病患病状况,分析其影响因素,关注老年人躯体健康,加强慢性病防控.方法 抽样调查北京城乡60岁及以上老年人群2168例,内容包括老年人的一般情况、慢性病史、家庭、经济、职业、卫生习惯等,进行评估和分析.结果 老年人慢性病患病率高达74.2％,同时合并2种及以上慢性病者达43.5％.患病率城市高于农村,女性高于男性,随增龄有先上升再下降趋势.高血压位于慢性疾病之首,脑血管病、冠心病以及耳聋和骨关节疾病均为老年人常见慢性病.老年人躯体健康状况受性别、年龄、居住地区、文化程度、职业性质、睡眠与活动锻炼时间、收入水平等多种因素的影响.结论 北京城乡老年人慢性病患病率高,多系统疾病并存率高.需加强慢性病防控健康宣教,增强社会支持,改善社区卫生服务建设.     

2016至2018年某医院真菌血流感染者流行病学特征及耐药性分析

目的分析真菌性血流感染的病原菌分布以及耐药特征,为真菌血流感染的早期合理用药提供理论依据。 方法回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院2016年1月至2018年12月收治的真菌性血流感染者的菌群、科室分布以及耐药性。 结果入组192例真菌血流感染者的血培养样本中共分离192株真菌,其中白色念珠菌检出率为31.77%（61/192）,其次热带念珠菌检出率为18.75%（36/192）;重症医学科检出率最高为33.85%（65/192）。所有菌株均对两性霉素B敏感,对其他抗菌药物耐药率分别为5-氟胞嘧啶4.49%（9/192）、伊曲康唑5.73%（11/192）、氟康唑10.94%（21/192）和伏立康唑11.46%（22/192）;除两性霉素B外,2016至2018年真菌对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均逐年上升,其中2018年所分离192株光滑念珠菌对伊曲康唑耐药菌率达46.7%。 结论真菌血流感染病原菌以念珠菌属为主,对目前抗真菌药物具有较高敏感性,但耐药率逐年上升,加强监测血培养病原菌变化及耐药趋势对指导临床用药至关重要。     

营养不良老年人非药物干预临床实践指南

老年人是营养不良的高发人群,营养不良与众多不良临床结局密切相关,严重影响老年人的身体健康和生活质量,给家庭和社会造成沉重负担。因此,采取有效措施改善老年人的营养不良至关重要,非药物干预是改善营养状况的重要措施。然而,国内尚无专门针对营养不良老年人的非药物干预临床实践指南,因此,中国老年护理联盟、国家老年医学中心和国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心的营养专家,通过对老年人营养不良最新的国内外文献的全面检索与分析,采用推荐意见评估、制订及评价(GRADE)分级体系制订了本指南,针对营养不良老年人非药物干预提出9条推荐意见,以期能够改善老年人营养不良状况,提高生活质量。本指南侧重于可经口进食的营养不良老年人,聚焦于肠内营养,肠外营养不在本指南讨论范围内。