Adverse childhood experiences and the development of Down syndrome regression disorder

Down syndrome regression disorder (DSRD) is a clinical symptom cluster of acute or subacute neurocognitive regression in otherwise health persons with Down syndrome. The objective of this study was to evaluate if adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were more prevalent in children with DSRD than those with DS alone. A survey-based, cohort-based study was performed. Caregivers of individuals with DSRD with onset of symptoms between age 10 and 30 years and DS alone were administered the ACEs questionnaire via an online REDCap survey. A total of 159 responses were collected after excluding incomplete surveys and those not meeting criteria for DSRD. Individuals with DSRD were not more likely to experience ACEs (p = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43–1.17). In those with ACEs prior to the onset of symptoms, the median time prior was 7 months (interquartile range: 5–10). Individuals with DSRD were more likely to report three or more ACEs (52, 33%) compared to those with DS alone (39, 22%) (p = 0.02, 95% CI: 1.08–2.87). Exposure to ACEs were not predictive of response to particular therapeutic interventions although those with multiple ACEs 3 months prior to the onset of symptoms was associated with lower response rates to benzodiazepines and immunotherapy (p = 0.02, 95% CI: −3.64–−1.13). This study provides preliminary data that individuals with DSRD experience ACEs at a similar rate to individuals with only DS alone, although three or more ACEs, often preceding the onset of symptoms, was more prevalent in individuals with DSRD.     

Characterization of the Ca2+ responses evoked by ATP and other nucleotides in mammalian brain astrocytes

1. This study was aimed at characterizing ATP-induced rises in cytosolic free calcium ion, [Ca²⁺]_i, in a population of rat striatal astrocytes loaded with the fluorescent Ca²⁺ probe Fura2, by means of fluorescence spectrometry.
2. ATP triggered a fast and transient elevation of [Ca²⁺]_i in a concentration-dependent manner. The responses of the purine analogues 2-methylthio-ATP (2-meSATP), adenosine-5′-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (ADPβS), as well as uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) resembled that of ATP, while α,β-methylene-ATP (α,β-meATP) and β,γ-methylene-ATP (β,γ-meATP) were totally ineffective.
3. Suramin (50 μM) had only a minor effect on the ATP response, whereas pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulphonic acid (PPADS) (5 μM) significantly depressed the maximum response.
4. Extracellular Ca²⁺ did not contribute to the observed [Ca²⁺]_i rise: removing calcium from the extracellular medium (with 1 mM EGTA) or blocking its influx by means of either Ni²⁺ (1 mM) or Mn²⁺ (1 mM) did not modify the nucleotide responses.
5. Furthermore, after preincubation with 10 μM thapsigargin, the nucleotide-evoked [Ca²⁺]_i increments were completely abolished. In contrast, 10 mM caffeine did not affect the responses, suggesting that thapsigargin-, but not caffeine/ryanodine-sensitive stores are involved.
6. Both application of the G-protein blocker guanosine-5′-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDPβS) (1 mM) and preincubation with pertussis toxin (PTx) (350 ng ml⁻¹) partially inhibited the nucleotide-mediated responses. Moreover, the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U-73122, but not its inactive stereoisomer U-73343 (5 μM), significantly reduced the ATP-evoked [Ca²⁺]_i rise.
7. In conclusion, our results suggest that, in rat striatal astrocytes, ATP-elicited elevation of [Ca²⁺]_i is due solely to release from intracellular stores and is mediated by a G-protein-linked P2Y receptor, partially sensitive to PTx and coupled to PLC.

     

中西医结合治疗再生障碍性贫血——附30例临床观察

目的：探讨中西医结合治疗再生障碍性贫血的疗效。方法：采用中医补肾健脾,益气活血的克障汤,辅以西药综合治疗。结果：本组共治疗再生障碍性贫血３０ 例,经２６ 个月治疗,总有效率８０％ 。结论：中西医结合治疗疗效明显优于单纯使用西药组,早期诊断、早期治疗和坚持长期治疗是本病早日康复的关键。     

氯地滴眼液对家兔眼压及房角组织影响的研究

目的 观察氯地滴眼液对家兔眼压及房角组织影响。方法 用６０只家兔设实验和对照组,以含０．１７５％氯霉素和０．１５％地塞米松的氯地跟液滴眼,每日４次,生理盐水对照。于１／２、１、２、３月测眼压后处死家兔以电镜观察房角组织变化。结果 眼压和房角组织结构与对照组无明显差异。结论 临床应用氯地眼液３月内是安全的。     

Comparison of the effects of nitric oxide synthase, guanylate cyclase and potassium channel inhibition on vascular contractions in vitro in the rat

1. We have investigated the differences between the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NMMA, the guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue and the potassium channel blockers apamin and charybdotoxin or apamin and iberiotoxin, in their abilities to increase vasoconstrictor responses in rat small mesenteric arterial rings. 2. When administered during the maintained contraction to PGF2alpha (10 microM), L-NMMA (100 microM) or the combination of apamin (0.7 microM) and charybdotoxin (0.1 microM) significantly increased the contractile response. Methylene blue (10 microM) increased the contraction, but this did not reach significance. However, apamin (0.7 microM) and iberiotoxin (0.1 microM) also significantly increased the contractile response. 3. The combination of L-NMMA or methylene blue with apamin/charybdotoxin produced significantly greater increases in the contractile response to PGF2alpha than achieved individually. 4. Relaxations to acetylcholine (10 microM) were significantly reduced by L-NMMA or methylene blue but not by apamin in combination with charybdotoxin or iberiotoxin. 5. Since apamin/iberiotoxin had similar effects to apamin/charybdotoxin, it is likely that the actions of these agents involve direct actions on smooth muscle potassium channels rather than inhibition of endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF). These results suggest that endothelium-derived nitric oxide but not EDHF has a major role in modulating vascular tone under these conditions.     

孕妇下生殖道解脲脲原体感染与妊娠结局关系的探讨

应用聚合酶链反应技术，对２１６例妊娠１２－３７周孕妇的宫颈阴道分泌物和其中１０９例有孕妇分娩时的羊水进行解脲脲原体ＤＮＡ检测，同时临床观察２１６例孕妇的妊娠结局。结果：宫颈阴道分泌物ＵＵ ＤＮＡ阳性率为４３．０６％，宫颈阴道ＵＵ ＤＮＡ阳性组对应的羊水ＵＵ检出率明显高于阴性组，两组平均孕周，平均出生体重，平均Ａｐｇａｒ评分以及胎儿窘迫，早产，剖宫产，低出生体重儿，低Ａｐｇａｒ评分和瘭生儿畸形的发五     

IL-6对培养PVR的视网膜色素上皮细胞生长的影响及地塞米松的调节作用

目的　探讨白细胞介素 6(IL 6)对增生性玻璃体视网膜病变 (PVR)的视网膜色素上皮 (RPE)细胞体外生长的影响 ,以及地塞米松对这种增生的调节作用。方法　将地塞米松加入体积比为 10 %PVR的玻璃体切割物培养的RPE细胞培养板中 ,放射免疫学方法检测IL 6的分泌 ;将IL 6、PVR的玻璃体切割物和RPE细胞共同培养 ,测定掺入的3 H TdR和3 H proline的cpm值 ;用不同浓度的地塞米松、PVR玻璃体切割物和RPE细胞共同培养 ,测定掺入的 3 H TdR和3 H proline的cpm的值。 结果　加入地塞米松培养PVR的RPE细胞合成IL 6的量减少 ;IL 6和PVR的RPE细胞共同孵育后 ,细胞增殖明显 ,胶原合成增强 ;地塞米松抑制培养PVR的RPE细胞增殖和胶原合成 ,且随浓度的增加 ,抑制作用增强。结论　IL 6促进PVR培养的RPE细胞增殖和胶原的合成 ,地塞米松抑制RPE细胞增殖和胶原合成 ,一定程度是通过抑制IL 6合成而发挥作用。     

γD基因变异与青少年遗传性白内障发病的分子机制研究

目的 通过对一青少年遗传性白内障家系发病患者γD基因的分析，探讨该基因变异在白内障发病中的作用。方法 运用基凶扩增、克隆、变异分析的方法，研究该家族中不同患者γD基因的变异情况。结果 同一家族中5例患者出现3种不同核苷酸变异，个别核苷酸的突变并未引起编码氨基酸的改变。结论 同一家族不同自内障患者出现不同的γD基因变异现象为研究青少年遗传性白内障发病的分子机制提供了理论依据。     

正常眼压性青光眼确诊时各指标间病变程度的关系

目的　考察正常眼压性青光眼 (normalpressureglaucoma ,NPG)患者确诊时的临床表现 ,探讨各指标间病变程度的关系。方法　 10 5例NPG患者 ,分析眼压曲线的平均状态、波动幅度和双眼对称性 ,观察视野和眼底C/D垂直径比值、盘沿缩窄和视网膜神经纤维层 (RNFL)改变。结果　眼压曲线双眼对称 ,总体波动水平位于 16mmHg上下 ,最高值在 10AM ,最低值在 10PM ,但10PM最低值高于年龄可比的正常人群的平均眼压 (P <0 0 1)。单值眼压分布位于 10～ 2 1mmHg ,峰值与谷值相差约 4mmHg。视野在 5 5例患者为单眼损害 ,在 14 9眼的视野损害中 ,绝大多数损害形态和部位与眼压升高的原发性开角型青光眼 (hp -POAG)相符合 ,但旁中心损害侵入中心固视区者约占 2 2 % ,而在轻度损害中约占 1/3。眼底C/D值右眼为 0 77± 0 15 ,左眼为 0 71± 0 16,二者均大于一般群体上限和早期hp -POAG患者的C/D值 (P <0 0 1) ,但在不同程度损害的视野中差异不显著 (P >0 10 ) ,盘沿缩窄和RNFL缺损的发生率分别为 5 0 %以上和 60 %以上 ,二者差异不显著 (P>0 0 5 )。结论　NPG患者的眼压在绝对值、波动幅度和双眼对称性上均与正常眼压各指标相一致 ,对诊断无定性价值。确诊时眼底C/D值大于早期hp -POAG的C/D值 ,盘沿缩窄和RNFL缺损的