Status and trend of HIV-1 infection and AIDS in Taiwan, December, 1991.

From May 1, 1985 to December 31, 1991, a total of 4,962,707 serum samples from 8 population groups in Taiwan were tested for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1). In total, 256 samples were seropositive; of these individuals, 43 developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): 29 were homosexuals; 5 were hemophiliacs; 8 were heterosexuals and 1 was of unknown risk. Although the prevalence of HIV-1 infection and AIDS remains low compared with other countries, since 1988 the increase has been rapid. Before 1977 the majority were homosexuals and hemophiliacs; thereafter the risk groups diversified, with a trend away from homosexuals and hemophiliacs towards heterosexuals and intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs). A few patients have caused serious social problems for the public, health care workers and families. Active community efforts are needed to achieve future success in the control of HIV-1 infection and AIDS in Taiwan.     

Human papillomaviruses and small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

The in vitro DNA amplification technique of polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the possible presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. None of the 12 cases examined contain detectable amounts of either HPV type 16, 18, 31, or 33 DNA. On the other hand, HPV types 16 and 18 DNA were found in 14 (93.3%) and 9 (60.0%) of 25 invasive cervical squamous carcinoma tissues. The results seem to suggest that these types of HPV are not present or are present in extremely small quantities in cervical small cell carcinoma. Such an absence of HPV DNA makes it unlikely that these types of HPV play any etiological role in the pathogenesis of cervical small cell carcinoma.     

急性脑梗死后血浆NO、NOS、ET含量的动态变化及尼莫地平对其影响

目的　观察急性脑梗死 (ACI)后血浆一氧化氮 (NO)、一氧化氮合成酶 (NOS)、内皮素 (ET)含量的动态变化 ,以及尼莫地平治疗后对其影响。方法　ACI患者 110例 ,随机分成尼莫地平组 (5 0例 ) (在常规治疗基础上用尼莫地平 )和常规治疗组 (6 0例 )。在发病后不同时点动态观察血浆NO、NOS、ET含量 ,并设 5 0例脑动脉硬化患者为对照组。结果　脑梗死后血浆ET含量显著升高 ,直至恢复期 ;NO、NOS先增高后下降 ;尼莫地平组和常规组比较ET有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,NO、NOS差别不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　NO、NOS、ET参与并影响了ACI后复杂的病理生理过程 ;尼莫地平部分通过对ET含量的影响发挥其对脑梗死的治疗作用     

Prostaglandin synthesis by squamous carcinoma cells of head and neck, and its inhibition by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and amounts of prostaglandins (PGs) produced by squamous carcinoma cells (SCC) and the sensitivity of these cells to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. SCC of four lines of the tongue and one line of facial epidermis of humans were incubated in phosphate buffer solution with ¹⁴C-arachidonic acid (AA). Radioactive metabolites in aqueous methanol were chromatographed on Sep-Pack CIS cartridges, separated and quantitated by means of TLC, autoradiography, and liquid scintillation counting. The results showed that cyclooxygenase products, PGs, were the major products formed by all cell lines, and PGE₂ was predominant among the PGs detected. Two radioactive bands corresponding to PGF_2α and three unseparated standards of PGA₂, 15-keto-PGE₂, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE₂were detected in lesser amounts. Very small amounts of the lipoxygenase products 12-and 15-HETE were found. The concentrations of indomethacin, ibuprofen and aspirin required to inhibit 50% of PGE₂ synthesis (IC₅₀) by SCC lines were .008- .080, .080–6.4 and 32–88 μM, respectively.     

用酶联免疫吸附术观察向附睾注射鱼肝油酸钠后抗精子抗体的变化

本研究用酶联免疫吸附术观察8只家兔在附睾注射鱼肝油酸钠后血清及精浆中的抗精子抗体。血清抗精子抗体阳性率为37.5～50.0%,最早检出率为术后2个月,6～7月达高峰。精浆抗精子抗体阳性率为25%,最早检出率为术后4个月,且此时己达高峰。与输精管结扎资料相比,发现血清抗精子抗体检出率偏低,而精浆相应抗体偏高,表明向附睾注射鱼肝油酸钠引起的免疫反应有别于结扎,以生殖道局部为主。     

尿中δ-氨基乙酰丙酸的测定——对铅中毒诊断意义的探讨

本调查是对××冶炼厂227名接铅工人作了尿铅、尿中δ-ALA、尿粪卟啉及末梢血中碱粒红细胞的测定,同时与对照组进行了比较。结果表明:(1)接铅工人尿中δ-ALA检出均高出非接铅健康工人,且差别非常显著。(2)随着接铅工龄的增加,工人尿中δ-ALA的超标率也相应的增多。(3)接铅工人尿中δ-ALA的变化比CP要早,对铅的接触更敏感。(4)尿中δ-ALA与尿铅呈明显相关,而与碱粒红细胞相关不明显。     

Multitest skin testing values of cell-mediated immunity among healthy individuals in Taiwan

The multitest CMI system, a disposable device that simultaneously applies seven standardized preloaded antigens and diluent control, is a major advance for measurement of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in assessment of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The system was tested in 84 healthy volunteers, 42 in each sex, aged 4-62 years, to determine normal values for incidence and size of DTH responses to each of seven antigens. Incidence of positive responses to individual antigens varied from 84.5% to 11%, more than half of volunteers were reactive to Tuberculin, Candida and Diphtheria, and a third to Tetanus, Streptococcus and Tricophyton. 95.3% of volunteers to one or more antigens, and about two thirds to three or more. To better assess CMI, a two-part score based on 48-hour readings was employed. The mean number of positive antigens ranged between 2.2 and 3.3, the mean sum of their millimeter induration ranged between 10.8 and 18.2, the average sum of diameters were 16.7 mm in males and 15.2 mm in females. There was no statistic significance to sex and age during scoring, although there was somewhat higher in males, young and mature age groups. In our series, Tuberculin reaction is the highest one in this seven antigens, about 4.76% of volunteers are anergy. A statistical zone (95% confidence limits) of reduced DTH scores (hypoergy) was identified, it reveals sum of diameters less than 9mm in males and 7mm in females, number of positive antigens are less than 2 in each sex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)