Treatment of MM-associated spinal fracture with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and chemotherapy

Purpose  

To investigate the effect of treatment of multiple myeloma (MM)-associated spinal fracture with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and chemotherapy.     

骨碎补总黄酮对颅骨缺损修复大鼠血清碱性磷酸酶、钙、磷的影响

目的:探讨中药骨碎补总黄酮(assemble flavone of rhizome drynaria,AFDR)在修复大鼠颅骨缺损过程中对血清碱性磷酸酶、钙、磷及肌酐、谷丙转氨酶水平的影响。方法:60只6周龄雄性SD大鼠,饲养1周后Excel表随机分为两组(对照组和AFDR组),每组30只。用电动磨钻在大鼠左右颅骨钻孔建立颅骨缺损模型,右侧缺损可注射骨修复材料(injectable bone regeneration vomposite,IBRC)。术后第1天AFDR组中药灌胃,对照组去离子水灌胃。分别于术后2、4、8周采血,检测血清中碱性磷酸酶、磷、钙、肌酐、谷丙转氨酶指标,并进行统计学处理。结果:2周时碱性磷酸酶AFDR组高于对照组,4周时血清钙、磷及钙磷乘积AFDR组高于对照组。血清谷丙转氨酶各时间点两组差异无统计学意义。8周时血清肌酐AFDR组低于对照组。结论:骨碎补总黄酮在大鼠颅骨缺损修复过程中,于2～4周可影响碱性磷酸酶及血清钙磷水平,对肝肾无毒性。     

Association between preoperative allograft function (effective renal plasma flow) and the change in glomerular filtration rate among living-donor kidney transplant recipients

Background

Predonation kidney function may be an important factor affecting graft outcome. Increased baseline allograft function may be more effective than strategies to slow the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, the role of donor effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) on long-term outcome is less well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between preoperative allograft function as measured by ERPF and the decline of allograft function as defined by the annualized change in GFR among living-donor kidney transplant recipients.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of 83 patients who underwent living donor renal transplantation at our institution from March 2001 to October 2010. A time series analysis of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to determine the annualized change in GFR after transplantation. Univariate and stepwise multivariate analyses were performed using linear regression between preoperative ERPF and annualized change in GFR after transplantation. We also investigated the influence on annualized change in GFR of other donor or recipient variables.

Results

The ARIMA model revealed that the annualized change in GFR was −1.344 ± 12.476 mL/min/1.73 m² per year. Pearson correlation coefficient for the association between predonation ERPF of the transplanted kidney and the annualized change in GFR was 0.033 (P = .777).

Conclusions

Poor predonation kidney function was not associated with an increased rate of decline of allograft function. Neither donor age nor renal function (preoperative ERPF value) was a valid predictor of change in GFR among living-donor kidney transplant recipients.     

The ratio of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin predicts acute kidney injury in patients undergoing liver transplantation

Background

Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (OLT). Previous studies have shown the value of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) taken 2 hours after reperfusion of the liver graft as an early marker predicting AKI. The study was performed to determine whether plasma NGAL concentrations obtained as early as 1 hour after reperfusion was predictive of AKI and whether the NGAL ratio was an early predictor for AKI in the first 48 hours after OLT.

Methods

Twenty-six liver transplant recipients donated plasma samples for NGAL determinations at induction (T1), at graft reperfusion (T3) as well as after 1 (T4) and hours 2 (T5), and at the end of the surgery (T7). AKI was defined at 48 hours after liver transplantation according to the acute kidney injury network criteria. Predictive ability was assessed using areas under the curve of receiver operator characteristic analyses.

Results

The area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristics curve of (plasma NGAL concentration at T4)/(plasma NGAL concentration at T1) to predict AKI was 0.717 at T5, 0.765 at T7, 0.714 at T8 (24 hours post-OLT), and 0.781 at T9 (48 hours post-OLT).

Conclusion

The plasma NGAL concentrations taken 1 hour after reperfusion of the liver graft seem to be predictive of AKI; the NGAL changing ratio may be an early predictor for AKI in the first 48 hours after OLT.     

A comparison of anterior cervical discectomy and corpectomy in patients with multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Background  

The optimal surgical approach for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has not been defined, and the relative merits of multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy (2-level or skip 1-level corpectomy) and fusion (ACCF) remain controversial. However, few comparative studies have been conducted on these two surgical approaches.     

Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser ablation of dental enamel, dentine, and cementum

This paper reports an investigation into the characteristics of femtosecond laser (800-nm central wavelength) in the ablation of human dental enamel, dentine, and cementum at various laser fluences from 0.2 to 3.68 J/cm² with single and multiple pulses. The femtosecond laser interaction with cementum is reported for the first time. Ablation thresholds were determined to be 0.58, 0.44, and 0.51 J/cm² for enamel, dentine, and cementum, respectively. Under the average laser fluences of 1.13 to 3.68 J/cm², clean ablated surfaces without debris and microcracks were obtained. Laser fluence was found to influence the ablated diameter and depth, whereas under a certain fluence, pulse number only affects the depth, without affecting the diameter. The ablation mechanism is found to be based on multi-photon absorption, not previously known for femtosecond laser ablation of dental materials. The low thermal loads of 0.708, 1.44, and 0.404 J/cm³ required for ablating enamel, dentine, and cementum, determined for the first time, are beneficial for minimizing the heat-affected zones and micro-damage. The Raman spectroscopic analysis of phosphate shows that the chemical components of the tooth remain intact before and after the fs-laser ablation. It also shows that different dental tissues respond differently to the laser irradiation.     

Toll-like receptor 4 promotes tubular inflammation in diabetic nephropathy

Inflammation contributes to the tubulointerstitial lesions of diabetic nephropathy. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) modulate immune responses and inflammatory diseases, but their role in diabetic nephropathy is not well understood. In this study, we found increased expression of TLR4 but not of TLR2 in the renal tubules of human kidneys with diabetic nephropathy compared with expression of TLR4 and TLR2 in normal kidney and in kidney disease from other causes. The intensity of tubular TLR4 expression correlated directly with interstitial macrophage infiltration and hemoglobin A1c level and inversely with estimated glomerular filtration rate. The tubules also upregulated the endogenous TLR4 ligand high-mobility group box 1 in diabetic nephropathy. In vitro, high glucose induced TLR4 expression via protein kinase C activation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, resulting in upregulation of IL-6 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2) expression via IκB/NF-κB activation in human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Silencing of TLR4 with small interfering RNA attenuated high glucose-induced IκB/NF-κB activation, inhibited the downstream synthesis of IL-6 and CCL-2, and impaired the ability of conditioned media from high glucose-treated proximal tubule cells to induce transmigration of mononuclear cells. We observed similar effects using a TLR4-neutralizing antibody. Finally, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and uninephrectomized TLR4-deficient mice had significantly less albuminuria, renal dysfunction, renal cortical NF-κB activation, tubular CCL-2 expression, and interstitial macrophage infiltration than wild-type animals. Taken together, these data suggest that a TLR4-mediated pathway may promote tubulointerstitial inflammation in diabetic nephropathy.     

非气腹腹腔镜胆囊切除术中影响手术操作空间的相关因素分析

目的 研究非气腹腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中影响手术操作空间的相关因素.探讨非气腹腹腔镜手术的应用规范.方法 总结2007年3月- 2010年7月沧州中西医结合医院完成的49例非气腹腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料.分析体重指数、肠道准备情况、麻醉方式等因素对手术时间、手术中转气腹率的影响.结果 体重指数≤25的患者手术时间为(43.0±5.4) min,中转气腹率为0(0/34),体重指数＞25的患者手术时间为(52.8土7.4)min,中转气腹率为26.67％ (4/15),明显高于体重指数小于25的患者;进行肠道准备的患者手术时间为(44.5土5.4)min,中转气腹率为7.69％(2/26),术前没有进行肠道准备的患者手术时间为(46.1 ±8.0)min,中转气腹率为8.70％ (2/23);采用硬膜外麻醉的患者手术时间为(46.5±7.9) min,中转气腹率为8.33％(2/24),腰麻加硬膜外联合麻醉的患者手术时间(44.1±6.8) min,中转气腹率为8.00％(2/25).结论 非气腹腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术操作空间容易受到体重指数等因素的影响,准确评价患者的自身状况,合理选择手术方式、麻醉方式、恰当应用肠道准备,可以更好地发挥非气腹腹腔镜手术的优势.     

改良导尿管在尿道成形术患儿中的应用

目的 探讨改良导尿管对小儿尿道成形术后引流尿液,缓解患儿排尿疼痛,减少术后并发症的作用.方法 将120例尿道成形术后患儿随机均分为两组.对照组按常规方法,在新成形尿道内置一管径8～10F的多侧孔短硅胶支架管.观察组则应用8～12F改良导尿管引流尿液,即在导尿管中、下段剪多个侧孔,持续导尿10 d左右后将改良导尿管中段多侧孔段下移至新建尿道处作为短支架管,指导患儿自控排尿.结果 观察组术后排尿疼痛评分显著低于对照组,术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组(均P＜0.01);两组术后尿培养均为阴性,无尿路逆行感染.结论 应用改良导尿管引流尿液能有效缓解小儿尿道成形术后排尿疼痛,减少手术并发症.     

A survey on nurses' job burnout in the high-quality nursing care project

目的 了解优质护理服务活动中护士职业倦怠现状,为针对性干预提供参考.方法 采用MBI量表中文版对荆州市第一人民医院的62名护士进行调查.结果 优质护理服务过程中,护士情绪衰竭(EE)、去个性化(DP)和个人成就感丧失(PA)3个维度得分分别为25.79±10.65、8.73±6.38和14.35±8.45;EE和DP倦怠水平显著高于一般护理模式下的护士常模(均P＜0.05);PA倦怠水平显著低于常模(P＜0.01);EE中度倦怠和高度倦怠检出率分别为20.97％和53.22％,DP分别为24.19％和48.39％,PA分别为24.19％和0.护士EE、DP严重倦怠显著高于常模(均P＜0.01),而PA严重倦怠显著低于常模(P＜0.05);工龄≥3年护士PA的倦怠程度显著高于年资＜3年的护士(P＜0.01);本科护士在职业倦怠3个维度上的严重程度均显著高于中专、大专护士(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 无陪护理模式下的护士职业倦怠水平显著高于一般护理模式下的护士职业倦怠水平,年资和学历越高,护士职业倦怠水平越高;护理管理者应引起重视.