清炎颗粒治疗小鼠肾盂肾炎的实验研究

目的:探讨清炎颗粒治疗肾盂肾炎的作用机制。方法:采用孙建实方法改进造模,除空白组正常喂养外,治疗组给予清炎颗粒,模型组给予生理盐水,对照组给予至灵胶囊灌胃,分别喂养至3,7,15,30,60 d处死。取胸腺称重,计算胸腺指数,并取肾做病理分析。结果:清炎颗粒能提高不同时段小鼠的胸腺指数,并减轻相应时段的病理改变。结论:清炎颗粒通过提高小鼠的免疫功能来达到治疗肾盂肾炎的目的。     

傣药咪多领(云南琵琶甲)对增生性瘢痕中表皮干细胞干性及Hedgehog信号通路的影响

目的 探讨傣药咪多领(云南琵琶甲)对增生性瘢痕中表皮干细胞干性及Hedge-hog信号通路的影响.方法 构建新西兰大耳兔增生性瘢痕模型,并分离增生性瘢痕组织中表皮干细胞.将动物随机分为对照组、模型组、阳性对照组(PC组,用复方肝素钠尿囊素凝胶干预)及傣药咪多领0.667、1.334、2.668 g/kg组;表皮干细胞分...     

Production of butanol from lignocellulosic biomass: recent advances,challenges, and prospects

Due to energy and environmental concerns, biobutanol is gaining increasing attention as an alternative renewable fuel owing to its desirable fuel properties. Biobutanol production from lignocellulosic biomass through acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation has gained much interest globally due to its sustainable supply and non-competitiveness with food, but large-scale fermentative production suffers from low product titres and poor selectivity. This review presents recent developments in lignocellulosic butanol production, including pretreatment and hydrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose during ABE fermentation. Challenges are discussed, including low concentrations of fermentation sugars, inhibitors, detoxification, and carbon catabolite repression. Some key process improvements are also summarised to guide further research and development towards more profitable and commercially viable butanol fermentation.

Due to energy and environmental concerns, biobutanol is gaining increasing attention as an alternative renewable fuel owing to its desirable fuel properties.     

卫星远程护理教育的组织与实施

卫星远程教育是构筑知识经济时代人们终身学习体系的一种新型教育途经,笔者介绍了卫星远程教育系统、卫星远程护理教育应用、组织与实施,提出要转变教育思想,创新教育观念,了解和研究信息时代教育教学的模式、方法、体系;进一步完善远程教育的质量保证体系,不断改革教学方法,提高课件制作水平,切实做好技术保障。     

Pan‐cancer analysis reveals sex‐specific signatures in the tumor microenvironment

The processes of cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapy are affected by the sex of cancer patients. Immunotherapy responses largely depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), but how sex may shape some TME features, remains unknown. Here, we analyzed immune infiltration signatures across 19 cancer types from 1771 male and 1137 female patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas to evaluate how sex may affect the tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune scores, stromal scores, tumor purity, immune cells, immune checkpoint genes, and functional pathways in the TME. Pan‐cancer analyses showed higher TMB and tumor purity scores, as well as lower immune and stromal scores in male patients as compared to female patients. Lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous carcinoma, kidney papillary carcinoma, and head and neck squamous carcinoma showed the most significant sex biases in terms of infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoint gene expression, and functional pathways. We further focused on lung adenocarcinoma samples in order to identify and validate sex‐specific immune cell biomarkers with prognostic potential. Overall, sex may affect the tumor microenvironment, and sex‐specific TME biomarkers may help tailor cancer immunotherapy in certain cancer types.     

Cell division control 42 elevates during infliximab therapy,and its increment relates to treatment response in ulcerative colitis patients

BackgroundCell division control 42 (CDC42) regulates multiple processes of inflammation and/or immunity in autoimmune diseases and also relates to the treatment efficacy of biologic regimens clinically. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal change in CDC42 during infliximab (IFX) treatment and its correlation with IFX response in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.MethodsActive UC patients (N = 48) who received IFX were recruited, and their CDC42 expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected before treatment (W0) and at 12 weeks after treatment (W12) using RT‐qPCR. Also, CDC42 in PBMCs from UC patients with remission (N = 20) and health controls (HCs) (N = 20) were detected.ResultsCDC42 was reduced in active UC patients compared with UC patients with remission (p = 0.014) and HCs (p < 0.001). Besides, CDC42 was negatively correlated with CRP (p = 0.025), TNF‐α (p = 0.024), IL‐1β (p = 0.045), IL‐17A (p = 0.039), and Mayo score (p = 0.015) in active UC patients, but did not relate to ESR, disease duration, or IL‐6 (all p > 0.05), while CDC42 was only negatively related to CRP in UC patients with remission (p = 0.046). Interestingly, CDC42 was increased at W12 after IFX treatment in active UC patients (p < 0.001). Specifically, CDC42 was elevated during treatment in active UC patients with IFX response (p < 0.001), but did not obviously change in those without IFX response (p = 0.061). Furthermore, CDC42 at W12 was higher in active UC patients with IFX response compared with those without IFX response (p = 0.049).ConclusionCell division control 42 serves as a potential biomarker for monitoring disease progression and IFX response in UC patients.     

TLR4 rs4986790 polymorphism confers risk to Helicobacter pylori infection in Zhejiang,China and its enlightenment to nursing care

PurposePrevious literatures on the association between TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection risk reported conflict results. We conducted a case‐control study and meta‐analysis to investigate whether TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism confers risk to Helicobacter pylori infection.Patients and methods254 patients with Helicobacter pylori positive and 235 patients with Helicobacter pylori negative were enrolled. PubMed, Embase, CNKI (Chinese national knowledge internet) were carefully searched and reviewed. Odds ratio (OR) together with 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to calculate the association power.ResultsGG genotype of TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism contributes increased risk to the population of Zhejiang, China (p = 0.019). Meta‐analysis found that the positive findings came from Asian population by allele contrast (p = 0.006), homozygote comparison (p = 0.006) and recessive genetic model (p = 0.001).ConclusionTLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection risk for population of Zhejiang, China. Combined with individual gene polymorphism, the accuracy of risk assessment of Helicobacter pylori infection can be improved and individualized health education can be provided for patients with Helicobacter pylori infection by nurses.     

Ferroptosis‐based molecular prognostic model for adrenocortical carcinoma based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression

BackgroundThis study aimed to find ferroptosis‐related genes linked to clinical outcomes of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and assess the prognostic value of the model.MethodsWe downloaded the mRNA sequencing data and patient clinical data of 78 ACC patients from the TCGA data portal. Candidate ferroptosis‐related genes were screened by univariate regression analysis, machine‐learning least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator (LASSO). A ferroptosis‐related gene‐based prognostic model was constructed. The effectiveness of the prediction model was accessed by KM and ROC analysis. External validation was done using the {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE19750","term_id":"19750"}}GSE19750 cohort. A nomogram was generated. The prognostic accuracy was measured and compared with conventional staging systems (TNM stage). Functional analysis was conducted to identify biological characterization of survival‐associated ferroptosis‐related genes.ResultsSeventy genes were identified as survival‐associated ferroptosis‐related genes. The prognostic model was constructed with 17 ferroptosis‐related genes including STMN1, RRM2, HELLS, FANCD2, AURKA, GABARAPL2, SLC7A11, KRAS, ACSL4, MAPK3, HMGB1, CXCL2, ATG7, DDIT4, NOX1, PLIN4, and STEAP3. A RiskScore was calculated for each patient. KM curve indicated good prognostic performance. The AUC of the ROC curve for predicting 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐ year(s) survival time was 0.975, 0.913, and 0.915 respectively. The nomogram prognostic evaluation model showed better predictive ability than conventional staging systems.ConclusionWe constructed a prognosis model of ACC based on ferroptosis‐related genes with better predictive value than the conventional staging system. These efforts provided candidate targets for revealing the molecular basis of ACC, as well as novel targets for drug development.     

萸黄连的炮制研究进展

萸黄连为“相反为制”改变饮片药性的代表性炮制品之一,首载于《韩氏医通》,炮制方法为吴茱萸汁与净黄连拌匀闷润后炒干即得,即通过吴茱萸制黄连在保留黄连泻火解毒功效的基础上降低了黄连的苦寒之性,使黄连寒而不滞,可清气分湿热,对肝气犯胃、呕吐吞酸等病症有良好疗效。作为相反为制、药汁制的代表品种,萸黄连饮片收录于2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》和多个地方炮制规范中,其炮制工艺研究及优选一直备受关注。现代研究表明,萸黄连除含有小檗碱、药根碱、巴马汀等黄连中的成分外,还含有吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱、柠檬苦素等吴茱萸中的成分,具有抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤等药理活性。该文对近20年萸黄连相关的研究报道进行整理归纳,从萸黄连的炮制历史及工艺、药效药性、质量评价和临床应用等方面进行综述,发现萸黄连在各省市炮制规范收载的炮制方法及标准差异较大,主要涉及吴茱萸汁的制备方法、吴茱萸汁的用量和炮制终点的判断标准等方面;此外,不同研究期间萸黄连炮制前后主要成分的变化情况差异较大,推测与萸黄连的炮制工艺和质量标准不同有关。该综述可为完善萸黄连的质量评价体系提供参考。     

小切口非超声乳化白内障手术水法娩核与圈套器娩核方法的对比

目的:对比小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除手术中水法娩核及圈套器法娩核两种方法.方法:326例老年性白内障成熟期患者随机分成水法娩核及圈套器法娩核两组,观察对比两种娩核方法晶体核娩出操作时间、术中并发症及术后角膜水肿情况.结果:娩核操作时间:水法娩核组平均时间20s,圈套器组平均时间90s,水法娩核组手术并发症较少.术后角膜水肿情况:水法娩核组:0级97眼,1～4级82眼;圈套器组:0级39眼2～4级108眼.两组结果有明显差异(x2=24.28,p＜0.01).结论:水法娩核具有操作快速简便、组织损伤轻、术中并发症少、角膜水肿发生率低等优点,适用于基层医院开展大规模的白内障扫盲手术.