腹膜透析患者左室肥厚的相关因素分析

目的探讨腹膜透析患者左心室肥厚的发生情况及相关影响因素。 方法选取2012年9月至2013年9月在广西医科大学第一附属医院腹膜透析中心随访的腹膜透析患者89人,规律腹膜透析6个月以上。排除标准：近一个月有腹膜炎或其他部位感染史,合并有急性心衰、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、恶性肿瘤、急性心脑血管病变、风湿性心脏病、严重肝功能不全及近3个月内使用糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂的患者。采集入选病例临床资料,并予心脏彩超检查,通过测量室间隔厚度(LVST)、左心室厚度(LVPWT)、左室舒张内径(LVEDD)计算左心室心肌重量指数(LVMI)。左室肥厚定义为LVMI男性≥115 g/m²,女性≥95 g/m²。分析患者的横断面资料,并将患者分为左室肥厚组及非左室肥厚组进行比较。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行数据分析。两变量相关分析用Pearson(正态资料)或Spearman(非正态资料)相关分析。左室肥厚的独立危险因素分析用二分类Logistic回归分析,P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。 结果89例患者中,男女比为1.47∶1,年龄(48.49±12.27)岁,腹膜透析龄(25.35±24.30)个月。病因：慢性肾小球肾炎61例(68.54%)、高血压肾病16例(17.98%)、糖尿病肾病2例(2.25%)、其他病因10例(11.24%)。左心室肥厚66例(74.16%)。将左心室肥厚组与非左心室肥厚组的相关指标进行比较。两组患者的血脑利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、腹膜透析液肌酐与血中清肌酐比值(D/P)、血白蛋白、左室射血分数(LVEF)、LVEDD、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左房内径(LAD)、LVPWT及LVST等差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。左心室肥厚与NT-proBNP、D/P值、LVEDD、LVST、LAD、LVESD及LVPWT呈正相关(P<0.05),与LVEF呈负相关(r＝－0.222,P＝0.036)。NT-proBNP水平是左室肥厚的独立危险因素(B偏回归系数0.001,SE值：0.000,Wals值：13.45,95%CI为1.000～1.001, P<0.001)。 结论腹膜透析患者较易发生左心室肥厚,其左心室肥厚与营养状态、容量负荷及腹膜转运类型等相关,NT-proBNP水平有望成为腹膜透析患者左室肥厚的评估预测生物标志物。     

MED术中应用自制器械处理后纵韧带钙化及骨赘增生

目的探讨脊柱后路显微内镜(microendoscopic disectomy,MED)手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症合并后纵韧带钙化及椎体后缘骨赘增生的方法. 方法 MED手术中应用自制弧形纤维环刀和L形打入器治疗115例该类患者. 结果全组随访12～30个月,平均22个月,按MacNab标准:优、良109例,可5例,差1例,优良率94.8(109/115).未出现硬脊膜破裂及神经孙上,未发生椎间隙感染,无中转开放手术. 结论正确运用MED技术,配合采用自制器械及相应的改良方法,能较好地处理合并后纵韧带钙化及椎体后缘骨赘增生的难题,进一步扩大了手术适应证范围,提高了疗效及安全性.     

Stromal cell-derived factor and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor form a combined neovasculogenic therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVE: Ischemic heart failure is an increasingly prevalent global health concern with major morbidity and mortality. Currently, therapies are limited, and novel revascularization methods might have a role. This study examined enhancing endogenous myocardial revascularization by expanding bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells with the marrow stimulant granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor and recruiting the endothelial progenitor cells with intramyocardial administration of the potent endothelial progenitor cell chemokine stromal cell-derived factor. METHODS: Ischemic cardiomyopathy was induced in Lewis rats (n = 40) through left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. After 3 weeks, animals were randomized into 4 groups: saline control, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor only (GM-CSF only), stromal cell-derived factor only (SDF only), and combined stromal cell-derived factor/granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (SDF/GM-CSF) (n = 10 each). After another 3 weeks, hearts were analyzed for endothelial progenitor cell density by endothelial progenitor cell marker colocalization immunohistochemistry, vasculogenesis by von Willebrand immunohistochemistry, ventricular geometry by hematoxylin-and-eosin microscopy, and in vivo myocardial function with an intracavitary pressure-volume conductance microcatheter. RESULTS: The saline control, GM-CSF only, and SDF only groups were equivalent. Compared with the saline control group, animals in the SDF/GM-CSF group exhibited increased endothelial progenitor cell density (21.7 +/- 3.2 vs 9.6 +/- 3.1 CD34 + /vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-positive cells per high-power field, P = .01). There was enhanced vascularity (44.1 +/- 5.5 versus 23.8 +/- 2.2 von Willebrand factor-positive vessels per high-power field, P = .007). SDF/GM-CSF group animals experienced less adverse ventricular remodeling, as manifested by less cavitary dilatation (9.8 +/- 0.1 mm vs 10.1 +/- 0.1 mm [control], P = .04) and increased border-zone wall thickness (1.78 +/- 0.19 vs 1.41 +/- 0.16 mm [control], P = .03). (SDF/GM-CSF group animals had improved cardiac function compared with animals in the saline control group (maximum pressure: 93.9 +/- 3.2 vs 71.7 +/- 3.1 mm Hg, P < .001; maximum dP/dt: 3513 +/- 303 vs 2602 +/- 201 mm Hg/s, P < .05; cardiac output: 21.3 +/- 2.7 vs 13.3 +/- 1.3 mL/min, P < .01; end-systolic pressure-volume relationship slope: 1.7 +/- 0.4 vs 0.5 +/- 0.2 mm Hg/microL, P < .01.) CONCLUSION: This novel revascularization strategy of bone marrow stimulation and intramyocardial delivery of the endothelial progenitor cell chemokine stromal cell-derived factor yielded significantly enhanced myocardial endothelial progenitor cell density, vasculogenesis, geometric preservation, and contractility in a model of ischemic cardiomyopathy.     

Zoledronate reverses mandibular bone loss in osteoprotegerin-deficient mice

Summary  To characterize the changes in osteoprotegerin-deficient (OPG−/−) mice mandibles and the possible mandibular bone loss prevention by zoledronate. This preventive effect in the mandible differed from that in the proximal tibia and was independent of the OPG pathway. Introduction  The study aimed to characterize both the changes in the mandible in osteoprotegerin-deficient (OPG^−/−) mice and possible mandibular bone loss prevention by zoledronate. Methods  Twenty-eight 6-week-old female mice (C57BL/6J), including OPG^−/− (n = 21) and wild-type (WT) (n = 7) mice, were assigned to four groups after 2 weeks of acclimatization to local vivarium conditions: wild mice with vehicle (WT group); OPG^−/− mice with vehicle (OPG^−/− group); and OPG^−/− mice that were subcutaneously injected with either 50 or 150 μg/kg zoledronate (Zol-50 and Zol-150 groups, respectively). Mice were sacrificed at 4 weeks after these treatments and after fasting for 12 h. Sera were harvested for biochemical analyses. The right mandible and tibia of each mouse were selected for microCT analysis. Student’s t-test was performed for comparisons of bone parameters at different sites in the WT group. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the biomarkers and bone parameters in the different treatment groups. Results  Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) were significantly decreased in WT mice as compared to the levels in the OPG^−/− mice (P < 0.05). Zoledronate treatment decreased the high serum B-ALP activity observed in OPG^−/− mice to the levels seen in WT mice, while serum TRACP-5b concentrations were decreased to levels even lower than those in WT mice. There were substantial variations in BMD and microstructure of the mandibular and proximal tibial trabeculae. Mandibular bone loss was less affected by OPG gene deprivation than the proximal tibia was. Both zoledronate groups showed greater BMD, trabecular BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, and Conn.D and a significant decrease in Tb.Sp and SMI as compared to the findings in OPG^−/− mice (P < 0.05). However, higher apparent BMD and more compact plate-like trabeculae were observed in the mandible after treatment with zoledronate as compared to the findings in the proximal tibia. No significant differences were found in any parameter in both zoledronate groups. Conclusions  The present study showed that zoledronate could reverse the significant bone loss in mice mandibles that was induced by OPG gene deficiency. This preventive effect, which was accompanied with considerable inhibition of bone turnover, differed in the mandible and in the proximal tibia and was independent of the OPG pathway. Drs. Sheng and Xu contributed equally to this work.     

复方丹参注射液对急性水肿型胰腺炎临床疗效的对比观察

目的：观察复方丹参注射液对急性水肿型胰腺炎患者外周血中性粒细胞凋亡及IL-6和TNF-α水平的影响,探讨复方丹参注射液治疗急性胰腺炎的机制。方法：采用复方丹参注射液治疗35例急性水肿型胰腺炎患者,取常规治疗组40例作为对比观察,并于治疗前后检测患者外周血中性粒细胞凋亡和细胞因子IL-6和TNF-α水平。结果：加入复方丹参注射液治疗的急性胰腺炎组总有效率为91.43%,并能促进患者外周血中性粒细胞凋亡,降低血液中细胞因子IL-6和TNF-α的水平。结论：复方丹参注射液结合西医治疗对急性胰腺炎有显著疗效,可能与复方丹参注射液能调节中性粒细胞凋亡和炎性细胞因子的产生,抑制炎症反应有关。     

Proteome analysis of round-headed and normal spermatozoa by 2-D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry

Globozoospermia is a severe form of teratozoospermia characterized by round-headed spermatozoa with an absent acrosome, an aberrant nuclear membrane and midpiece defects. Globozoospermia is diagnosed by the presence of 100% round-headed spermatozoa on semen analysis, and patients with this condition are absolutely infertile. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in protein expression between human round- headed and normal spermatozoa. Two-dimensional （2-D） fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis （DIGE） coupled with mass spectrometry （MS） was used in this study. Over 61 protein spots were analysed in each paired normal/round-headed comparison, using DIGE technology along with an internal standard. In total, 35 protein spots identified by tandem mass spectrometry （MS/MS） exhibited significant changes （paired t-test, P 〈 0.05） in the expression level between normal and round-headed spermatozoa. A total of nine proteins were found to be upregulated and 26 proteins were found to be downregulated in round-headed spermatozoa compared with normal spermatozoa. The differentially expressed proteins that we identified may have important roles in a variety of cellular processes and structures, including spermatogenesis, cell skeleton, metabolism and spermatozoa motility.     

Coupling of oxidative stress responses to tricarboxylic acid cycle and prostaglandin E2 alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans under extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field

Purpose: With all-pervasive presence of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) in modern life, ELF-EMF has been regarded as an essential factor which may induce changes in many organisms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the physiological responses of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to 50?Hz, 3?mT ELF-EMF exposure.

Materials and methods: Worms were exposed to ELF-EMF from the egg stage until reaching the fourth larva (L4) stage. After exposure, expressions of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Two lipid metabolites were detected by GC-MS. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by dichlorofluorescein staining and worm antioxidant system was investigated by enzymatic activity analysis, including detection of the superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) activity and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC).

Results: The TCA cycle enzyme, fumarase was found with decreased expression under ELF-EMF exposure. And arachidonic acid (ArA) and prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂) showed elevated concentrations, with increased expression of prostaglandin E₂ synthase (PGES-2) in ELF-EMF exposed worms. Significant elevation of ROS level was identified accompanied with the significant depression of T-AOC in response to ELF-EMF.

Conclusions: Our results suggested that exposure to 50?Hz, 3?mT ELF-EMF in C. elegans can elicit disruptions of the TCA cycle metabolism and PGE₂ formation, coupling ELF-EMF-induced oxidative stress responses. Our study probably will attract increasing attentions to the controllable application of ELF-EMF associated with health and disease.     

MEBO治疗食道化学烧伤5例临床观察

目的：探讨ＭＥＢＯ口服治疗食道化学烧伤的疗效。方法：５例食道化学烧伤采用口服ＭＥＢＯ治疗,局部治疗先用清水漱口后口服ＭＥＢＯ,每次１５克,每２小时一次,据情予以全身防治感染及营养支持治疗。结果：５例均治愈,平均愈合时间２０天,半年随访,未发生食道狭窄。结论：ＭＥＢＯ口服治疗食道化学烧伤效果良好,病人无痛苦,亦无并发症发生。     

丙戊酸钠注射液联合左乙拉西坦治疗难治性癫痫持续状态的临床观察

目的探讨丙戊酸钠注射液联合鼻饲左乙拉西坦治疗难治性癫痫持续状态(RSE)的疗效及安全性。方法对2010年1月—2012年8月连续登记的48例经地西泮静滴、苯巴比妥肌内注射治疗未能控制的RSE患者,其中25例单独使用丙戊酸钠注射液(丙戊酸钠组),23例应用丙戊酸钠注射液联合鼻饲左乙拉西坦(联合治疗组)。两组丙戊酸钠注射液使用方法均首剂为10～15 mg/kg,在3～5 min内静脉注射,而后以0.5～1 mg/(kg.h)持续静脉滴注。联合治疗组中鼻饲左乙拉西坦中位剂量为1 000 mg(范围:500～3 000 mg)。结果丙戊酸钠组总有效率为60.0%,联合治疗组为95.7%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合治疗组及丙戊酸钠组有效患者均在1 h内癫痫持续状态(SE)得到控制,然而丙戊酸钠组有40%在其后72 h仍间断癫痫发作,而联合治疗组仅4.3%在其后72 h见癫痫发作。两组治疗前后的血、尿常规、肝肾功能、凝血功能、心电图无明显变化。结论丙戊酸钠注射液联合鼻饲左乙拉西坦治疗RSE安全有效,且起效快、作用强、控制时间长。