Waist-to-thigh ratio is a predictor of internal organ cancers in humans: findings from a cohort study

ObjectiveStudies have shown that some specific body measures are associated with the occurrence of cancers. Few studies have demonstrated the relationship with more comprehensive approaches. This study aims to explore body measures and the combinations associated with internal organ cancers.MethodsThree-dimensional anthropometric body surface scanning data collected 10,215 participants from the health examination department in a medical center of Taiwan during 2000–2010. Follow-up was conducted for an average of 8 years, and 244 internal organ cancer cases were identified.ResultsAn increased risk of internal organ cancers was observed among the subjects with larger waist circumference/smaller thigh circumference, in which waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR) was constructed. Comparing the subjects in the fourth quartile for WTR to the subjects in the first quartile with multiple Cox regression analysis yielded a hazard ratio of 1.842 (95% confidence interval, 1.131～2.999). The association between WTR quartile and internal organ cancers was stronger among male participants, older participants, and participants with chronic conditions.ConclusionsThe study has revealed that WTR is the most significant predictor for the occurrence of cancer in Asian populations. Because it is easy to measure and open to modification, WTR may be more useful in clinical and preventive medicine in the future.     

不同方式缺氧预处理对心肌细胞线粒体的影响

目的研究不同缺氧方式预处理对心肌细胞线粒体功能的影响,为探讨心肌缺血缺氧病理生理过程中的一些现象提供依据。方法原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞,经过几种不同的缺氧预处理后,继续培养24h,再次给予较严重的缺氧损伤处理,在不同钓时间点用用流式细胞仪检测罗丹明123标记线粒体的膜电位。结果Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组在缺氧预处理后的荧光强度通过成组t检验。t=10．16,P〈0．05;Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组在24h后再次经过缺氧损伤后荧光强度通过成组t检验,t=6．23,P〈0．05;Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组在缺氧预处理后的荧光强度通过成组t检验,t=34．12,P〈0．05;Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组在24h后再次经过缺氧损伤后荧光强度通过成组t检验,t=18．84．P〈0．05;Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组在缺氧预处理后的荧光强度通过成组t检验,t=26．25,P〈0．05;Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组在24h后再次经过缺氧损伤后荧光强度通过成组t检验,t=17．69,P〈0．05。再次损伤后Ⅱ组的细胞线粒体内的电位较对照组高。Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的细胞线粒体内的电位明显较对照组低。结论在经过不同方式的缺氧预处理后,心肌细胞对再次严重缺氧损伤的反应性是不同的。预处理后的心肌细胞可以对再次损伤的抵抗力增强,即产生了我们所认识的预适应保护效应;也能产生心肌细胞对再次损伤的抵抗力减弱,即产生了我们所认识的缺氧损伤增敏效应。     

正交试验法优选水杨酸滴丸的制备工艺

摘 要 目的：考察影响水杨酸滴丸制备的因素,确立其最佳成型工艺。方法: 考察环境因素、加热温度、基质配比与试验步骤对滴丸制备工艺的影响。以丸重差异、溶出时限及外观质量为综合评价指标,通过正交试验进一步优化滴丸的制备工艺。结果: 基质单独加热熔化后再与药液在避光密封的条件下进行混合,可防止药液迅速氧化变红。滴丸的最佳制备工艺为：聚乙二醇400与聚乙二醇6000的比例为1∶5,药液温度为50℃,滴距为8 cm,滴制速度为70滴·min^-1。结论:该工艺简单可行,制得滴丸的丸重差异、溶出时限及外观质量均符合质量要求。     

新型颈椎3D打印多孔椎间融合器的三维有限元分析

背景:颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压融合内固定已成为目前临床上常用的手术,但是传统融合器的上下弧度难以与上下终板保持完全一致,容易引起椎间融合器沉降等一系列相关并发症,作者所在课题组研究出与上下终板保持一致的新型颈椎3D打印多孔椎间融合器.目的:通过三维有限元分析法评价新型颈椎3D打印多孔椎间融合器的力学特点,为临床应用和进一...     

Apolipoprotein E mRNA is abundant in the brain and adrenals, as well as in the liver, and is present in other peripheral tissues of rats and marmosets.

The relative amount of apolipoprotein (apo-) E mRNA in 12 different tissues of the rat and marmoset was examined by dot blot hybridization using cloned cDNA probes. As expected, it was found to be most abundant in the liver. However, substantial amounts of apo-E mRNA were found in the brain and adrenals at relative levels about one-third of that found in the liver. Significant quantities of apo-E mRNA were detected in all of the other peripheral tissues as well. The apo-E mRNA levels in these tissues were 2-10% of that found in the liver of the rat and 10-30% of that found in the liver of the marmoset. Apo-E mRNA was also abundant in human brain and in each species examined; it was distributed throughout all major areas of this organ. In contrast, apo-A-I mRNA was detected in abundant amounts only in the small intestine and in the liver. Extrahepatic apo-E mRNA appears to be functional, generating a translation product similar or identical to that generated by the liver. During fetal and neonatal development, apo-E mRNA is rapidly induced from low levels to approximately equal to 60% of adult levels in liver at parturition. The fetal yolk sac contains more apo-E mRNA than the fetal liver, suggesting a significant role for the yolk sac as a source of apo-E during gestation.     

Autoimmune anti-androgen-receptor antibodies in human serum.

Circulating autoantibodies to human and rat androgen receptors are present at high titers in the blood sera of some patients with prostate diseases. The antibodies from some serum samples were associated with a purified IgG fraction and interacted with the 3.8S cytosolic androgen-receptor complexes of rat ventral prostate to form 9- to 12S units. Other serum samples, however, formed 14- to 19S units, suggesting that other immunoglobulins might be involved. In the presence of an anti-human immunoglobulin as a second antibody, the androgen-receptor-antibody complexes could be immunoprecipitated. The antibodies interacted with the nuclear and the cytosolic androgen-receptor complexes, either the DNA-binding or the nonbinding form, but not with receptors for estradiol, progestin, or dexamethasone from a variety of sources. Human testosterone/estradiol-binding globulin, rat epididymal androgen-binding protein, or rat prostate alpha-protein (a nonreceptor steroid-binding protein) also did not interact with the antibodies to form immunoprecipitates. About 37% of male and 3% of female serum samples screened had significant antibody titer. The chance of finding serum with a high titer is much better in males older than 66 years than in the younger males or females at all ages. The presence of the high-titer antibodies may make it possible to prepare monoclonal antibodies to androgen receptors without purification of the receptors for immunization.     

左旋精氨酸对离体兔肺脏保存质量的影响

目的　观察左旋精氨酸（ＬＡｒｇｉｎｉｎｅ,ＬＡｒｇ） 对离体兔肺脏保存的保护作用。　方法　３０ 只健康家兔随机分成对照组和左旋精氨酸组（ＬＡｒｇ 组） ,每组１５ 只,对照组兔肺脏给予Ｅｕｒｏｃｏｌｌｉｎｓ 液进行灌注,ＬＡｒｇ 组给予含ＬＡｒｇ的Ｅｕｒｏｃｏｌｌｉｎｓ 液进行灌注,灌注总量６０ｍｌ／ｋｇ ,灌注压力１ ．９６ｋＰａ（２０ｃｍ Ｈ２ Ｏ） ,灌注完毕整取下心肺组织浸入４ ℃保存液中冷藏,７ 小时后取肺进行离体复灌,测定肺血管阻力、血气分析、肺血管对乙酰胆碱舒血管反应性、肺组织湿／ 干重比例及肺组织电子显微镜检查等指标。　结果　对照组肺血管阻力、肺组织湿／ 干重比例均高于ＬＡｒｇ 组（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ,肺血管对乙酰胆碱反应性对照组较ＬＡｒｇ 组差, 血气分析肺静脉血氧分压对照组下降明显（ Ｐ ＜ ０－０１） ,ＬＡｒｇ 组肺组织形态轻微改变,而对照组肺组织水肿明显、渗出严重。　结论　ＬＡｒｇ具有改善离体兔肺脏的保存效果。     

5-氟尿嘧啶在胰十二指肠切除术患者血液和胰液中的动态分布

探讨５－氟尿嘧啶能否通过胰十二指肠切除术后的残留胰腺组织进入胰液中,并达有效的治疗浓度,为胰腺为临床合理化疗提供理论依据。方法通过观察胰十二指肠切除术患者胰快速推注５－氟尿嘧啶后血液和胰液中药物动态分布及相关性,术后静脉一次性快速推注５－氟尿嘧啶１．０ｇ／ｍ＾２,在给药前后按设计时间点分别采集静脉血和胰液,采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆和胰液５－氟尿嘧啶药物浓度,应用ＰＣＮＯＮＬＩＮ程序程序计算共动态     

Effects of skeletal size of the lumbar spine on areal bone density,volumetric bone density,and the diagnosis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in China

To understand the effects of skeletal size of the lumbar spine on areal bone mineral density (aBMD), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and the diagnosis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, we measured the projected bone area, bone mineral content (BMC), aBMD, and vBMD at the anteroposterior and lateral lumbar spines in a population of 1081 postmenopausal Chinese women, 42 to 86 years of age. The results indicated that, at the anteroposterior and lateral lumbar spine, there were significant positive correlations between bone area and both BMC (r = 0.606; P = 0.000 and r = 0.610; P = 0.000) and aBMD (r = 0.270; P = 0.000 and r = 0.182; P = 0.000), but not vBMD (r = –0.055; P = 0.000 and r = 0.000; P = 0.929). When bone area at the anteroposterior spine changed by ±1 SD, the BMC, aBMD, and vBMD correspondingly changed by 28.2%, 10.1%, and 1.69% on the basis of their respective means. When a variation of ±1 SD was observed in bone area at the lateral spine, BMC and aBMD, correspondingly changed by 25.9% and 6.18% on the basis of their respective means, while vBMD indicated no change. Through comparisons among large-, intermediate-, and small-bone area groups, significant differences were found in the means of subjects heights, weights, BMC, and vBMD at the anteroposterior and lateral lumbar spines, as well as in the detection rates of osteoporosis by aBMD (P = 0.000). Detection rates of osteoporosis by aBMD at the anteroposterior spine and by aBMD at the lateral spine, and by vBMD were 44.1%, 55.5%, and 49.7%, respectively, in the total population; 31.4%, 41.7%, and 53.7%, respectively, in the large-bone area group; 43.3%, 55.9%, and 50.5%, respectively, in the intermediate-bone area group; and 61.7%, 70.0%, and 42.5%, respectively, in the small-bone area group. No significant differences were found in the detection rates of osteoporosis by vBMD among the groups. The results of multiple linear regression revealed that the major factors influencing skeletal size and aBMD of the lumbar spine were height and weight. Therefore, in menopausal women of the same ethnic group and age, the skeletal size of the lumbar spine would have significant influence upon aBMD and the diagnosis of osteoporosis, i.e., the larger the spinal size, the greater the aBMD and the lower the osteoporosis detection rate, while, conversely, the smaller the skeletal size, the smaller the aBMD and the higher the osteoporosis detection rate. When we use aBMD of the lumbar spine to diagnose osteoporosis in a population with different body sizes, we need to take this body size difference into account. When we use vBMD to diagnose osteoporosis, the effect of body size on BMD will diminish.     

转化生长因子β1及其信号蛋白在大鼠急性腹膜炎模型腹膜组织中的表达及作用

目的 通过观察转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)及其信号蛋白Smads的表达水平和活性状况,探讨其在细菌性腹膜炎介导腹膜纤维化过程中的可能作用。方法 通过腹腔注射E.coli ATCC25922造成大鼠急性细菌性腹膜炎的动物模型。应用激光共聚焦显微镜检测TGF-β1、p-Smad2／3和Smad7在大鼠腹膜组织的表达和活化,以单位面积的平均荧光强度半定量地分析其蛋白水平的表达及动态变化。应用RT-PCR的方法分析TGF-β1、Smad3和Smad7在基因水平的表达。结果 E.coli腹腔注射后大鼠血白细胞显著降低而腹水白细胞显著升高。组织学显示间皮下层水肿样增厚,脏层和壁层腹膜大量炎症细胞灶性浸润。免疫荧光结果显示TGF-β1和p-Smad2／3广泛表达于炎症细胞、间皮细胞和血管内皮细胞。半定量的免疫荧光结果显示TGF-β1、p-Smad2／3和Smad7的表达都呈双峰样上调,但Smad7的整体表达水平一直很低。TGF-β1、Smad3和Smad7 mRNA的表达水平与其蛋白表达水平基本一致。结论炎症状态下腹膜组织TGF-β1／Smad信号通路显著上调和激活。腹膜间皮细胞的活化以及其TGF-β1和p-Smad2／3的高表达,抑制性信号蛋白Smad7的低表达,可能参与了腹膜炎介导腹膜纤维化的过程。